Section 2 Yi Lou

The water above Heilongjiang is fishy, ​​and the Jurchen soldiers are marching to Daning. The moon above the city of the Five Kingdoms is white in autumn, and I still lament that the sea is blue.

The name Sushen disappeared from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and there should be many reasons for its disappearance.

First of all, although Sushen had many contacts with the Central Plains in ancient times, they were still in the primitive social stage at that time. Among them, there is a record of Sushen in the Book of Jin, saying that Sushen’s territory was thousands of miles wide, but their territory was geographically No, in the deep mountains and canyons, the roads are difficult and dangerous, and the roads are impassable. In the summer, they go into dens, and in the winter, they live in underground caves. It can be seen that their life is hard, and transportation is inconvenient, making it very inconvenient to communicate with the Central Plains. The Sushen people were already able to raise animals at that time, and the farming economy had already appeared, and they had hammered or ground stone tools, but they mainly relied on fishing and hunting for a living. Secondly, the ancient Sushen people did not have writing, only language. So in the Central Plains In the process of regional exchanges, there were great language barriers. This was one of the reasons why the names of the Sushen people were often misrepresented in the historical records of the Han Dynasty. It also affected later generations of historians in judging the origins of their descendants. Third, because In ancient China, there were many primitive tribes in Northeastern my country. These tribes were not unified with each other and were relatively independent. The degree of contact between these tribes was often based on the strength of the tribe. Therefore, sometimes the Sushen people had great influence on the Central Plains. The interval between tribute payments in the region will be very long.

In any case, one thing is certain, that is, the ancient Sushen people had begun to communicate with the Central Plains region very early, and paid tribute to the Central Plains region. There is a lot of praise for this behavior of the Sushen people in our country's historical materials, and later it was

The Sushen people came to pay tribute to the Central Plains, which was regarded as a sign of the sage monarch's civil and martial arts, and his prestige spread far and wide. This is also the reason why all dynasties paid great attention to the Sushen people paying tribute.

The reason why the Sushen people came to pay tribute to the Central Plains naturally had their own considerations. We can basically confirm that Sushen had no surrender relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty at that time. They simply came to pay tribute and strengthen the relationship between the two parties. What was the significance of their doing so at that time?

We don't know, but this behavior certainly laid a good foundation for the future rise of the Jurchen nation.

Now let's go back and talk about where the Sushen people went after the name Sushen disappeared in the Central Plains, and why there is no record of the word Sushen in Chinese ancient books and documents. In fact, the Sushen tribe It’s not that they have disappeared. This is because my country’s ancient ethnic minorities all have a common feature, which is a large clan that contains different ethnic groups or tribes. Sushen and later Wuji are both members of this clan. In different periods, the strength of each tribe is different. The strength of each other waxes and wanes. If a certain tribe is relatively strong during a period of time, then it will naturally be the one that interacts with the Central Plains peoples. Therefore, with different Depending on the strength of the tribe, the names recorded in the documents in the Central Plains region are also different. Moreover, the name of the powerful tribe will be used as the name of the entire clan. In the pre-Qin period, the Sushen tribe was relatively powerful, so it was represented by him in dealings with the Central Plains region. , of course Su Shen’s name is recorded in the history books of the Central Plains Dynasty. By the Western Han Dynasty, the power of the Yilou tribe exceeded that of Su Shen, and this tribe began to represent the entire clan in dealings with the Central Plains regime, so in our documents, it began to When this name was recorded, the entire nation was called Yilou. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Wuji tribe began to become stronger again and established contact with the Central Plains Dynasty, so the entire clan was replaced by Wuji in subsequent document records.

Scholars from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Song Dynasty also held this view on this matter. Among them, it is recorded in Dongyi in Siyi Zhuan that Sushen and Wuji in ancient times were all from the same ethnic group.

.It’s just different names for the entire nation in different periods. The name Yilou first appeared in the historical documents of the Central Plains region, from the first to the second century BC, which was the Han and Wei dynasties in the Central Plains region. Some of them

People think that Yi Lou is the rename of Su Shen during the Han Dynasty and Cao Wei period, but generally speaking, Yi Lou should be regarded as a tribe in the original territory of Su Shen, belonging to the Su Shen clan, and one of the ancestors of the Jurchen nation.

There are two opinions on the meaning of the name Yi Lou. One theory is that the name means deer, and the other is close to the Manchu word Yelu, which means cave. Historical records record that the fishing and hunting industry in Yi Lou is very developed.

, the main hunting tools are bows and arrows. The main items that the Yilou people paid tribute to the Central Plains Dynasty and Sushen have changed. Sushen mainly paid tribute to bows and arrows, while Yilou mainly paid tribute to Yilou minks. The Sushen people were also good at longbows.

Including tribute mink skins, Yilou also has its own characteristics. Yilou stone pots have been greatly improved and developed. Later, in archaeological discoveries, things made of imitation metal tools were discovered. In addition, they were also unearthed from the Yilou ruins.

A large number of stone net pendants, net hooks and fine fishhooks indicate that they had mastered fishing methods such as king fishing and fishing at that time. Moreover, according to later archaeological evidence, the Yilou people also mastered shipbuilding technology, but

Records of the manufacturing methods have been lost.

Many historical books record that Yilou was more than a thousand miles northeast of Fuyu, bordering the sea to the east and bordering Woju to the south. However, the northern boundary is unknown. According to current geographical divisions, their territory is basically equivalent to today's The lower reaches of the Songhua River, the Heilongjiang and Ussuri River basins reach the Sea of ​​Japan in the east and the Far East of Russia in the north. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Yilou surrendered to the Fuyu Kingdom from the Han Dynasty. Later, due to excessive tax burden, it was Huang rebelled against the Fuyu State in the early middle of the Huang Dynasty. After getting rid of the rule of the Fuyu State, an important turning point in the social development process of the Jurchen ancestors began to appear. After that, Yilou defeated the first real minority in the northeastern region of ancient my country. The nation-state power was still intact. From this point of view, the Jurchens at that time already had a strong political organization, relatively developed economic strength and a large-scale city.

The name Fuyu first appeared in the Huo Shi biographies in "Historical Records". The ancients said that Fuyu was Fuyu, one of the ancient Nine Barbarians in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and was later written as Fuyu. Fuyu lived before the Western Han Dynasty, that is, about the second century BC It has already existed. The word Fuyu reflects that the members of this nation are mainly Hyu people. This nation is an ancient nation in the north and northeast of my country. During the Western Zhou Dynasty in my country, there are records of their activities in history books. Just now In the beginning, the names of this nation were generally called separately in different periods. The earliest continuous name appeared in the history books was in the Spring and Autumn Period. The title "Wanqi" originally seemed to mean that the Wan (raccoon dog) people lived in Wan Di (near the sea and by the water). The name of the tribe later became the collective name of the northern Bian tribe, which may be related to the continuous migration of tribes of this nation to the coastal areas in the east. The origin of the Bian tribe seems to have a certain connection with the Shang tribe, at least some of them are Shang tribe. In the later development process, the Zhinu tribes who moved to the northeastern region successively merged with the local Sushen and Donghu ethnic groups. Therefore, at the end of the Warring States and the Han and Wei dynasties, the Dichun tribes became distributed in today's Northeast and North Korea. It is a huge family lineage. It can be seen that Fuyu and Sushen have a certain connection. Some historians also claim that the royal family of Fuyu may come from the Duke of Lu, and they are the descendants of Xia Qiuzhong, a native of Zhongtu.

According to historical records, Fuyu State was very wealthy. It had established a stable ruling system very early and maintained friendly relations with the Central Plains dynasties. After the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the relationship between the two parties became closer. Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty Jianwu 25

Fuyu took the initiative to send envoys to the Eastern Han Dynasty in 1989, and the two sides communicated with each other almost every year. Until the second century AD, the relationship between the two countries was very friendly. Fuyu also absorbed a large number of advanced people from the Central Plains during this period.

Culture, compared with other surrounding countries, Buyu has developed into a leading civilized country.

The remaining wives are not allowed to have extramarital sex, and marriages are strictly maintained. It is also stipulated that there should be no competition between women for favor. If an extramarital affair is discovered between a man and a woman, or a fight for favor between women, they will be beheaded immediately and the body will be thrown away.

It was left to rot on the mountain. If the woman's family wanted to get the body back, they had to exchange it with livestock. This shows that the status of men and women in Fuyu country is very unequal. In fact, this is also a common phenomenon all over the world in ancient times. Men marry several wives and concubines, and these wives and concubines

People cannot be jealous of each other, otherwise they will be beheaded. However, there is no explanation of the limit of jealousy in the historical records. In other words, how to reach the extreme standard and how to reach the level of beheading is unknown.

But this nation has a custom that is the same as that of the Xiongnu, that is, after the brother dies, the sister-in-law marries the brother-in-law. This incident illustrates the strong family concept in Fuyu society. Even if the husband dies, the wife cannot remarry and must marry her brother-in-law.

.In fact, I personally think that this custom is better than that in the Central Plains countries. First of all, if a woman's husband died early, in ancient times in the Central Plains area, few people would choose to remarry, otherwise they would be looked down upon. But from human nature

From a practical point of view, this is a very cruel thing. In addition, as the saying goes, wealth should not flow to outsiders. If the brother-in-law happened to have no wife at that time, this would greatly solve the social conflict. If a man does not have a wife, this will cause great chaos, not to mention this

Is there any blood relationship between them?

The eating habits of Fuyu are similar to those in the Central Plains, and they also regard grain as their staple food. This is mainly because the geographical conditions of Fuyu are particularly good, and the land in the northeast is fertile and suitable for grain cultivation. Therefore, Fuyu is not a simple nomadic people. In fact, it is

A farming nation that mainly engages in farming. Moreover, this nation also has a custom that is very similar to the customs of the Central Plains people, that is, celebrating the New Year in the first month. During the New Year, the Fuyu National Assembly held a grand national celebration, and everyone danced several times in a row.

They danced in the sky, eating and drinking. They also had the custom of divination, especially before a war, they had to kill a cow and observe the changes in the cow's hoofs. If the cow's hoofs spread apart, it was a bad omen, and if the cow's hoofs closed, it was a good omen.

When Fuyu people are buried, they must be wrapped in a jade box. The jade box is a jade garment. Of course, this thing can only be used by the king of Fuyu. This is equivalent to the robes worn by emperors and nobles of the Han Dynasty after their death.

The clothes are the same as the clothes, and the shape of the human body is the same on the surface. This kind of clothes is generally a symbol of the wearer's status. The emperor and a few ministers, princes and nobles wear it called jade clothes with golden threads, and other nobles use silver or copper wire to make them.

They are called silver-lined jade clothes and copper-lined jade clothes. Fuyu State is a minority political power enshrined by the Central Plains Dynasty. Its relationship with the central government is the relationship between the central government and local princes. Records of gold-lined jade clothes can only be found in history books

According to the discovery, no tomb of King Buyeo has been discovered so far, so naturally no real jade garment with gold threads has been seen.

Buyeo culture retains many remnants of primitive society. Whenever there are disasters such as floods and droughts, the blame is usually placed on the king, and the king is either replaced or killed. It can be seen that being a king in Buyeo is also a process.

It was quite an adventure. With the development of society, the slave system of Fuyu was further improved. During the Three Kingdoms period, Fuyu had already had a class that was opposed to the aristocratic class. The king had supreme rights. The succession system of the throne was the same as that of the Central Plains Dynasty.

In the Zhangzi inheritance system, if there is no legitimate son, a concubine will be established as the king. This is still different from the Central Plains dynasty. Generally, the rulers of the Central Plains will still establish a legitimate son. Below the king are Liujia named after livestock. Among these people are kings

They also have close relatives and powerful ministers. They maintain a monarch-minister relationship with the king and constitute the highest ruling class of Buyeo. The ruling areas controlled by these Liujia are different. The ones with large territories can control thousands of families, and the ones with small territories can control thousands of families.

There are hundreds of families. The wealthy people and the lower households are the ruled classes. The wealthy people are the big households in the city or village, and they are divided into two types. The first type is the extremely wealthy people who can have the lower households as their slaves; the second type is the extremely wealthy people.

Zhong is a free person, equivalent to the "guoren" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. He owns a certain amount of land, but is not rich. He cannot have his own slaves, but he can make a living without becoming a slave. The lower households live at the bottom of Fuyu society.

Slaves were subjected to all kinds of exploitation and oppression, and had no freedom. The relationship between them and Zhuji was that of double slaves and slave owners. It can be seen that the social hierarchy of slaves in Fuyu State was quite complete.

The people of Buyeo are very strong and good at infantry fighting. Every common person in this country has armor and weapons such as bows, arrows, swords and spears. It can be seen that everyone in this country is equivalent to a strategic reserve army. Buyeo has also established a complete military

There are political machines, cities, palaces, and prisons. Locally, Fuyu implements a system similar to the feudal system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Under the premise of obeying the rule of the king, local governments operate independently, and the lords maintain the rule of their respective territories. The punishment of Fuyu is very

Anyone who kills will be punished with life, and his family will be demoted as slaves. These harsh legal systems not only consolidated the rule of Fuyu State, but also promoted the development of private ownership of property in the slave society. Fuyu State developed to

At its most powerful stage, it also affected the development of other ethnic minorities in Northeast China.

Most of the places where Fuyu lived were plain areas, which were suitable for growing grains and were rich in famous horses, red jade and other precious items. The answers to these can be found in the Fuyu tombs that have been discovered. Most of the tombs that have been excavated are in the northeastern plains, which are the most spacious.

The land in these places is fertile and irrigation is very convenient. Production tools such as iron removing sickles were also unearthed from these tombs, which shows that the Fuyu people attach great importance to agriculture. It also shows that this country is mainly farming and has advanced

The emergence of agricultural production technology. The emergence of warehouses shows the emergence of private ownership in a country, and surplus food can only be concentrated in the hands of a few people in the central ruling class. This can reflect from the side that Fuyu has strong agricultural production strength and food surplus has begun to appear. Fuyu's

The animal husbandry industry is very developed. The people of this country are good at raising livestock, especially famous horses. From the tombs unearthed now, it is found that almost every tomb has horse gear unearthed. Ethnic groups that are mainly nomadic usually have horses buried in their bodies.

custom. Therefore, the remains of horses have been found in many unearthed tombs, which shows that some ethnic minorities were already under the rule of the Buyeo Kingdom at that time. It should be noted that the tombs discovered in many places have confirmed that the people in these places

Most of the residents are not Fuyu people, but it is a multi-ethnic regime that covers other ethnic minorities and has a multi-cultural blend.

It should be noted that Buyeo is a nomadic nation from the fact that it is good at raising horses. Horse-raising is not a behavior unique to nomadic people. In ancient times, many industries were inseparable from livestock, especially horses. As a

Horse breeding is an important means of transportation. Most ethnic groups and governments attach great importance to horse breeding. The handicraft industry of Fuyu is also very high. They can make pottery and iron smelting and casting. Most of the pottery they make is relatively rough, but some are relatively

The exquisite pottery has patterns engraved on it and traces of processing. Although the pottery industry in Buyeo is relatively developed, it is also lagging behind in some aspects. For example, the decoration on the utensils is too simple and the shape of the utensils is relatively simple. But

Judging from the number of pottery unearthed at the same time, Buyeo's pottery industry can be said to be second to none in the Northeast.

Fuyu also had its own mining industry. At that time, mining was mainly manual mining. The development of the mining industry would directly promote the development of the metallurgical industry. Eyes were also very important to the development of various ethnic groups in ancient times, ranging from various tools used in daily life.

Various types of utensils, as well as large weapons for war, are inseparable from the metallurgical industry. Judging from the large number of iron weapons unearthed now, the foundry technology of Buyeo Kingdom was relatively mature and developed at that time. With these advantages, Buyeo Kingdom continued to expand eastward.

, conquered and integrated some Sushen people, and part of the Sushen people were forced to move eastward. This may be one of the reasons why they lost contact with the Sushen people since the Han Dynasty.

By the second century AD, the relationship between Fuyu and the Han Dynasty became very complicated. On the one hand, in order to limit the development of Goguryeo, Fuyu continued to maintain friendly relations with the Eastern Han Dynasty. In 122 AD, historical records recorded that Fuyu sent troops to attack the coalition forces of Goguryeo and other countries.136

In 1998, King Fuyu personally came to pay tribute to Luoyang, the capital of the Han Dynasty, and the then Emperor Han Shun even acted for him in person. On the other hand, in order to obtain more political and economic benefits, Fuyu State began to expand aggressively into the Liaodong region. In 111 AD

In 1999, King Fuyu personally led seven or eight thousand infantry and cavalry to invade Lelang and killed many officials and people. However, a few years later, Fuyu sent a prince to the Eastern Han Dynasty to get married. By the 3rd century, the relationship between Fuyu and the Central Plains Dynasty had changed.

A friendly situation emerged. When the Wei State sent Guanqiu Jian to attack Goguryeo, he passed through Fuyu and received a warm welcome from the local government, and also provided some military rations to the Eastern Han army.

After the third century AD, the situation in the northeastern region changed drastically, and Fuyu's strength gradually began to weaken. Fuyu's terrain is mainly plains, and it is also a farming nation. During the later interactions with nomadic peoples, when they were attacked,

This shows its shortcomings. Moreover, the surrounding forces in this area are very complex and appear to be very weak when defending against foreign aggression. Especially in the middle of the third century AD, the disintegration of the unified forces of the Central Plains and the rise of the northern grassland national forces led to the collapse of the entire Northeast Asia.

The region entered a period of intense turmoil, and the Fuyu Kingdom was greatly affected. At the end of the third century, Fuyu was invaded by Xianbei. In 285, the capital of Fuyu Kingdom was captured by Xianbei Murongxian. The king committed suicide and more than 10,000 people were captured. The Fuyu royal family

Fleeing to Woju. In the second year, Prince Yiluo of Fuyu ascended the throne and rebuilt the country with the support of Jin. However, after the restoration of the country, they were often invaded by Murong Xianbei. The captured Fuyu people even became prisoners of war.

Slaves resold to the Central Plains. Moreover, at this time the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed, and Fuyu State lost external support.

In the fourth century AD, the completely isolated Fuyu Kingdom was attacked by Baekje again in 346 AD and had to move westward. The capital of the Fuyu people in the later period was probably in the current Liaoyuan area of ​​Jilin. It was also in this year that Fuyu was attacked again

The former Yan was a heavy blow, and the king and 50,000 people were captured. The former Yan emperor did not kill King Fuyu, but made him General Zhendong and married one of his daughters to him. After that, Fuyu successively

The subjects belonged to the former Yan and the former Qin.

The fate of Buyeo was ill-fated. In 435 AD, it was once again conquered by Goguryeo. Later, the Bulgi people who had been ruled by Buyeo began to rise and gradually moved south. In 494, Buyeo surrendered to Goguryeo. From then on, Buyeo disappeared in the

In the long history, the Wuji people who inherited the mantle of Sushen and Yilou and later emerged are the ancestors of the Jurchen nation.

Regarding the historical records of Buyeo Kingdom, here are two excerpts.

"Geography of the Later Han Dynasty"

Yilou is a country of Sushen in ancient times. It is more than a thousand miles northeast of Fuyu, with the sea to the east, Woju to the south and the north to the north. It is unknown how far north it is. The land is mountainous and dangerous. The human form is similar to Fuyu, and the language is different. There are five grains.

, linen, red jade, good mink. There is no ruler, and each town has its own leader. It is located between mountains and forests, and the climate is extremely cold. They often live in caves, and the depth is precious. Everyone goes to Jiushi. It is good to raise hogs and eat their meat.

, clothes and skins. In winter, the body is smeared with pig ointment, a few minutes thick, to keep out the wind and cold. In summer, it is naked, and the front and back are covered with a ruler cloth. The person is smelly and unclean, so he makes a toilet in the middle and lives in a circle.

After the rise of the Han Dynasty, he was subordinate to Fu Yu. Although he had a small number of people, he was very brave. He lived in dangerous mountains and was good at shooting. He could shoot into people's eyes. The bow was four feet long and as powerful as a crossbow. The arrow was made of B16E, one foot and eight inches long, made of bluestone.

The arrowheads are all poisonous, and the person who hits them will die immediately. He takes a boat, likes bandits, and the neighboring countries are afraid of danger, but the soldiers cannot take it. The rest of the Dongyi people use beans for food and drink, but Yilou is the only one who has the most religious customs.

Those who have no discipline.

"Three Kingdoms Wei Shu"

Yilou is located more than a thousand miles northeast of Fuyu. It is adjacent to the sea, and is connected to Woju in the south and north. It is unknown how far north it is. Its land is mountainous and dangerous. Its human shape is similar to Fuyu's, his speech is not the same as Fuyu's, and his sentences are as beautiful as Fuyu's. There are grains,

Cattle, horses, linen, and many people are brave and powerful. There is no king, and each town has its own king. It is in the mountains and forests, and they often live in caves. Everyone is nine steps deep, so it is better to have more. The cold weather of the country makes it more difficult for the rest of the people. The customs are good.

Raise pigs, eat their meat, and wear their skins. In winter, they smear their bodies with pig ointment, a few minutes thick, to protect themselves from the wind and cold. In summer, they are naked, and use ruler cloth to cover their front and back to cover their bodies. They don’t wear clothes and live in the countryside.

In the center, people surround it. Its bow is four feet long, as powerful as a crossbow, and its arrows are made of arrows. It is eight inches long, and has blue stone arrowheads. It was the country of the Sushen family in ancient times. It was good at shooting, and everyone who shot it came in (because)

.The arrows poisoned, and everyone died. When the red jade came out, it was good for minks, which are now called Yilou minks. Since the Han Dynasty, my subjects have belonged to Fu Yu. Fu Yu blamed him for paying heavy taxes and taxes, so he rebelled against Huang Chuzhong. Fu Yu

After several attacks, although their numbers were small, the mountains where they were located were dangerous, and the people from neighboring countries were afraid of their bows and arrows, so their soldiers could not obey them. The country then boarded boats to steal, causing trouble to its neighboring countries. Dongyi people all used beans for food, but Yilou was the only one.

No, the laws and customs are the most undisciplined.

Life insights: Our growth process is full of twists and turns, always accompanied by sadness and troubles. "How can we see the rainbow without going through wind and rain?" Growth that has experienced setbacks is more meaningful. Setbacks are actually a fortune. Setbacks are like a sharp piece of steel.

The whetstone, only through its polishing can our lives shine with dazzling light. How many arduous pursuits, how many tears of falling and climbing up, are like flowers blooming and falling, laying the foundation for our future life path.

Paved the way.

The process of growing up is like walking on the beach. Rows of crooked footprints record the footprints of our growth. Only by experiencing setbacks can our legs become stronger and the footprints of life become more solid. When we have

With this firm belief, difficulties will slowly go away without you realizing it, and life will naturally return to peace and happiness. Therefore, you must believe in your own abilities, and there is no need to worry about any difficulties.

As long as you are determined to overcome it, you will be able to get through the trough of life.

On the road of life, we will be knocked down countless times by our decisions or the adversity we encounter, bullied or even crushed to pieces. We feel as if we are worthless. But no matter what happens or what will happen, in the eyes of God, you will always be
Chapter completed!