From February 1938 to August 1943, China's wartime capital, Chongqing, suffered from Japanese France

The Sith bombing was released. The long and numerous bombings caused heavy losses, not only

It ranks first among major cities in China, and is also among the top cities in the world's anti-fascist countries[

Publish 1](p192). Faced with the Japanese bombing, the people of Chongqing launched a heroic anti-bombing struggle

Release, thwarted Japan's arrogant attempt to "destroy China's will to resist the war and quickly end the China Incident",

Release has become an important symbol of the Chinese people's indomitableness and persistence in the War of Resistance. The Chongqing people's anti-bombing struggle

Release is an important part of the frontal battlefield led by the Kuomintang, and it is for China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and World Anti-Japanese

Releasing the victory of the fascist war made an indelible contribution. The history of Chongqing's bombing is both a Japanese

The release of bloody evidence of the atrocities of the fascist aggression in China is also the unyielding Chinese people's opposition to foreign aggression

Release a glorious example.

Release 1, the cause of the Chongqing bombing

Released in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, Japanese imperialism believed in the strength of its own force and promoted quick battles and decisions

The strategic plan released is to destroy China within 3 months to free up its hands to implement its expanded aggression

The "northward" and "northward" policies issued. From the launch of the Lugou Bridge Incident in July 1937 to 10, 1938

The Japanese army occupied Wuhan and Guangzhou in the month, although they achieved some military victories, they invaded China

Release more than 1 million square kilometers of land in 13 provinces in the northern region, central China, and southern China

Released multiple cities. But these victories did not bring Japan the result of a victory in ending the war. On the contrary,

The overall situation of the war is revealed, but it is completely contrary to Japan's strategic original intention of quick battle and quick decision.

The military power released was overwhelmed by the national strength. By the end of 1938, Japan had invested nearly in the Chinese battlefield.

The release of a huge force of 1 million was paid the price of nearly 450,000 casualties, and the military power was seriously weakened;

With the expansion of the battle situation and the extension of the front line, the contradiction of Japan's insufficient troops became more prominent and it was occupied.

The release area can only be hindered from major towns and major transportation areas; war has caused Japanese military expenditures

The sharp increase in releases seriously hindered the normal operation of the Japanese economy and greatly aggravated the Japanese people's

The release of burdens has led to the deterioration of people's lives and the anti-war sentiment has continued to rise; the long-term war has also been broken

The release of Japan's world strategy has made its "advance north" and "advance south" expansion strategy unable to be implemented;

Posted internationally, the Soviet Union continued to aid China's war of resistance, and the United States, Britain and other countries threatened them because they were dissatisfied with Japan's invasion of China.

Posted in China, it expressed some support for China's war of resistance, and used the help of the National Assembly to Japan.

This article is issued to impose sanctions, and Japan is in a diplomatic isolation.

At the same time, although China suffered serious losses in the early stages of the war, the anti-Japanese forces are still in

Release continues to grow. Shortly after the full-scale war of resistance began, China's war of resistance against Japan formed a front and behind enemy lines.

Two battlefields were released. After the Japanese army occupied Wuhan, they were in Suiyuan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei,

Released by Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, the front area of ​​about 4,000 kilometers is still facing

The Chinese army with more than 200 divisions was released, and the National Government was based on the southwest and northwest regions.

Released the War of Resistance. In the rear of the Japanese occupied areas, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by the Communist Party of China were widely used.

The announcement of guerrilla warfare and the opening of anti-Japanese bases seriously threatened Japan's rule over the occupied areas, and

The Sino-Japanese War will surely be long-term in cooperation with the frontal battlefield.

The Japanese authorities feel deeply "

Released the Chinese nation, which is increasingly strong in the War of Resistance, and sends the Chinese nation on the vast continent

The limited forces of the army are almost impossible to end the incident quickly”[2],

"If the war zone is expanded or the troops are added, it will undoubtedly consume a lot of national strength" [3]. Therefore, in

After the occupation of Wuhan and Guangzhou, Japan changed its previous arrogant attitude of "not taking the National Government as its opponent",

"If the National Government abandons its previous consistent policies, replaces personnel organizations and achieves a new life

We do not refuse to release results and participate in the construction of the new order”[4]. Forced to give up the quick battle

The strategic policy of quick decision was issued, and a new policy of invasion of China was established, with political and strategic offensives as the main focus and military strikes as the supplement.

After the release of the new policy of Japan's invasion of China was established, its military strategy also adjusted accordingly. It emphasized that it was reduced

Release less consumption and limit the scale and intensity of the war, and we must carry out political strategies and plans based on strong military strength.

The release of a brief work will shift the center of gravity of military strikes to the anti-Japanese guerrilla war against the rear. In Japan's view,

"If the compressed Chinese government is left alone, it will still be a major disaster and will cause future troubles," he said.

Therefore, it must be appropriate to cause its collapse”[5]. Therefore, the focus of military strikes is turned to war behind enemy lines.

At the same time, we attempted to use non-military political work and supplemented with military strikes to shake the national affairs.

The government insisted on the will of the War of Resistance, forcing it to give up its position on the War of Resistance and implement a compromise with Japan.

The release of a large bombing is to adapt to the specific forced landing operation to adapt to this military strategy.

Chongqing is a cultural city with a long history, located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River.

The two rivers are released, and the control of the north and south are known as "natural danger". In the 11th century BC, the Ba State once established its capital

Posted here, Ba County was established during the Qin Dynasty, Yuzhou during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Chongqing was first called in the Southern Song Dynasty. After modern times, in 1891

The port was opened, and the Nanjing National Government approved the establishment of a city in 1929.

After the launch of the local Anti-Japanese War in 1931, the National Government had operated the Northwest region as a future

Release of the rear base of foreign wars. After 1935, as the unification problem of the southwestern provinces gradually resolved, the country

The Civil Government has gradually turned the National Defense Center to the southwest. Since Chongqing is the largest industrial and commercial city in the southwest region

The city and economic center are closely linked to the southwestern provinces and have rich human and material resources;

The release is dangerous, surrounded by mountains on three sides, with excellent natural barriers, easy to defend and difficult to attack in war; and there is also a western

Relying on the two major international transportation lines in the south and west, the eastern coastal areas can still be blocked by the enemy.

Release traffic contact. Therefore, on October 29, 1937, the Chinese army was in an unfavorable state at the battlefield of Songhu

Under the release situation, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech on "The National Government's Movement and the Future of the War of Resistance" at the Supreme National Defense Conference.

It was announced that Sichuan was the rear of the Anti-Japanese War and Chongqing was the resident of the National Government. On November 16,

The Supreme National Defense Conference approved the decision to relocate the capital. On December 1, the National Government officially started working in Chongqing.

Published in December 1938, Chiang Kai-shek led the main organs of the National Military Commission to arrive in Chongqing.

The government's westward migration was successfully concluded. Chongqing became the political and military center of China during the war.

It was released to become a veritable wartime capital. In May 1939, Chongqing was upgraded to a municipality directly under the Executive Yuan.

In September 1940, the National Government stated that Chongqing was the permanent capital, and Chongqing's political status was unprecedentedly improved.

As the National Government moved its capital to Chongqing, a large number of industrial and mining enterprises also moved to Chongqing one after another.

The resumption of work of the release factory was soon completed with the construction of the ordnance, machinery, steel, coal, textile,

Release an industrial system with chemical, electric power and other industries as the main body. With the establishment of emerging factories, Chongqing has become

In the wartime, China's only comprehensive industrial sectors with the largest number of industrial types and the largest industrial scale

Release industrial base. In addition, Chongqing's finance, business, transportation, culture and education are all

Release has achieved unprecedented development and quickly became the economic center, cultural center and the

Publish the Foreign Affairs Center.

The improvement of its strategic position has made Chongqing the main target of Japanese bombing. 1938 2

On October 18, Japanese planes bombed the suburbs of Chongqing for the first time. On October 4, Japanese planes bombed Chongqing for the first time.

In early December, the Japanese Emperor issued the "Continental Order No. 241", ordering to implement the mainland of China

Release strategic bombing. A specific implementation plan was formulated. The Central Air Agreement on the Army and Navy was emphasized.

Release "Attack the enemy's strategy and political center" and "Capture and eliminate the Supreme Commander and the Supreme Political Organization",

Release "Resolutely implement strategies, political and aviation warfare, and defeat the enemy's will to continue fighting"[6](p59-60)

Release. It is very obvious that the evil purpose of the Japanese bombing Chongqing was to shake the Chinese government's decision to fight the war of resistance.

Released his heart, destroyed the rear base of China's War of Resistance, and forced the Chongqing National Government to surrender. After 1939,

The Japanese army began a large-scale bombing of Chongqing.

Therefore, the Chongqing bombing is not only an inevitable product of Japanese imperialism's adjustment of its aggression against China,

Release is also an inevitable reflection of Japanese imperialism's improvement in Chongqing's strategic position.
To be continued...