Release compare guns with Japanese troops

The earliest rifle to be equipped with the National Army was an improved type of the Type 88 Mauser rifle - made in Hanyang. In the 24th year of the Republic of China, the National Army began to equip the Civil 24 rifle, namely the Kar98 Mauser rifle. It was first used by the Central Army, and then other troops adopted it. By the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, there were the most such guns. This gun was also the main equipment of the German army in World War II, and its performance was better than the Japanese 38 guns; the Japanese 38 guns were equipped by Yan Laoxizi and Zhang Dashuai. At that time, China also produced other guns, but not the main ones.

Equipment. Overall, the Japanese gun technology level at that time was slightly lower than that of China. For example, the Japanese army's southern 14-year automatic pistol was stuck until the end of World War II, which often led to the death and suicide of many Japanese soldiers. You may have noticed that even the Eighth Route Army did not like to use it, and the various Mauser automatic pistols of the National Army became popular products for various armed forces; the Japanese army's crooked hands were not as good as the National Army's Min 26 light machine guns, and later the Japanese army modified the Type 96 light machine guns similar to the Min 26 light machine guns; the Japanese army's Nine

The second-type heavy machine gun supply bullet plates, and two people must be able to shoot, and it is easy to get stuck. In addition to water cooling, the various types of Maxin of the National Army were much more reliable. During the Second Civil War, the National Army was equipped with a large number of Bergman MP18, American Tomson submachine guns and Finnish and Denmark submachine guns. These models were always infantry equipment of German and American troops during World War II. The Japanese army did not officially equip the 100-year-old submachine guns until the end of World War II, and the total production volume was only more than 3,000 branches. It can be seen from the infantry guns.

The national army is no less than the Japanese army. As for the number, the national army is also very large, but the firepower equipment in the national army is unreasonable. The Central Army has a large number of machine guns, not fewer than direct lines. Some of them have only ten machine guns in an army of more than 5,000 people, and some of them have only one or two machine guns in a regiment. However, the Japanese army basically has one to three light machine guns in each squadron, and one to three heavy machine guns in each squadron. The firepower gap is large. Only some Central Army and warlord direct lines can have this level of firepower, which accounts for less than two-fifths of the national army.

Release compare artillery with Japanese troops

The modern after-mounted artillery manufacturing in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, most of the imitations of German Kruber and Austro-Hungary Bailu were called Krooy or field guns. These models were the main equipment of the great powers in World War I. By the Republic of China, many improvements were made, called civil artillery, such as the Civilian-14th Type 75 Field Cannons produced by Shanghai Factory. At that time, they also began to imitate Japanese 38th Type 75 Field Cannons and Tatsuo 150 Howitzers. In short, on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, China was producing and equipting Germany, Japan, the United States, Austria, and Britain.

The artillery of various countries such as Russia had a caliber of 75 light artillery. At that time, mortars and light field guns were most suitable for China's road conditions. For example, most field guns were wooden large-diameter wheels, which were one to increase obstacles and save labor, and the other to facilitate personnel to help them. At that time, Chinese artillery mainly relied on people and animals to carry and pull. There was a Canadian-made seven-five gun, which was originally a rubber wheel, but in the national army, a large part was changed to large-diameter wooden wheels or iron wheels. This kind of gun was widely used by the US and British army in World War II.

Most of the mortars are British Stokes 81 caliber, which is also the equipment of the British and American military. It began to be produced domestically in the 1920s. Most of the Japanese guns were 75 caliber. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, field artillery was mainly 38. Although there were large-caliber artillery, it was inconvenient to move during combat and was only used in tough battles and positional wars. The Japanese army had a complete range of mortars, with the most being 50 caliber individual mortars, commonly known as grenade launchers. Because the Japanese army was quick and scattered on the Chinese battlefield, light artillery was the most widely used.

In terms of the technical preparation level of artillery-like equipment, the national army is not inferior to the Japanese army. Although the technical level is comparable, the artillery application and equipment are very different. Some Japanese squadrons have grenade launchers, the first level of the brigade has nine mortars, and the corps has a field artillery squadron of six to eight. In addition to the artillery of each brigade, the brigade also has a heavier (garbled in the middle) and artillery. The firepower points are bombarded with cannons before rushing. The national army could not do it in the early stage of the War of Resistance, and the Japanese army could. This is one of the important factors for the Japanese army to win in battle.

Release compare with the Japanese army

The troops of the National Army were arrested, so China had a saying of arresting strong men; Japanese soldiers were recruited, and some were captured by colonial soldiers. Many of the National Army soldiers did not understand why they fought and for whom they fought, and some were patriotic. Most of the Japanese soldiers were enthusiastic about working for the emperor. The soldiers of the National Army were deeply rooted in the spirit of protecting themselves, and most of them had poor quality in all aspects. To this day, the Chinese people still shrank in front of the criminals. In fact, the Chinese people were afraid of death than Americans; the Japanese soldiers were afraid of death, although they were afraid of death, humiliation would make life worse than death, and forced them to seek death to avoid humiliation. The National Army did not focus on training, and in a hurry, they captured strong men in military uniforms and put on military uniforms. The Japanese soldiers were trained for a long time and were extremely rigorous.

It is impossible for China to train Japanese soldiers because there is no such thing as Japan in our culture. When the most elite troops in the national army suffer 30% of casualties, they will seriously lose their combat effectiveness. When the officers suffer 50%, most troops will disintegrate, and most soldiers lack combat initiative; after the casualties of most troops reach 80%, they still resist fiercely. Most soldiers have a strong active fighting spirit, and some Japanese soldiers attack spontaneously without any support and command.

Therefore, if the national army wants to completely defeat the Japanese army, it must have the absolute advantage of firepower and weapons to have a chance of victory, and learn from the US military's methods. However, it was impossible to do it in the early stage of the War of Resistance, so there must be a terrible start.

Release compares to the Japanese army

The Chinese Air Force during the War of Resistance was far inferior to the Japanese Air Force. The Japanese army established an air force for lofty strategic goals, but China was not yet a question. The Air Force was a decoration in China. From the perspective of Mrs. Chiang as the commander of the Air Force, it can be seen that it is fortunately famous.

In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chinese Air Force aircraft came from many countries, including Russian-made Iranian 15 and US-made Hawk IIII biplane fighter. Iranian 16 was the best fighter of the National Army before the War of Resistance Against Japan. It was a single-wing and landing gear could be retracted and flew faster than the Japanese fighter jets at that time. This advantage remained until the Japanese Nakajima Ichiro and Mitsubishi Zero fighter jets appeared. The above three were the main fighter jets of the National Army at that time, and they were also the main fighter jets of the Soviet army at the beginning of World War II and the US Navy in the list of fighters. The bombers were US-made Martin B1.

0 and Soviet-made Spoo 2, German-made Henkel 111 twin-engine bombers, including Italian Margini three-engine bombers. These aircraft were standard equipment from various countries in the early stage of World War II, especially German-made Henkel 111 twin-engine bombers, which were always the main bombers of the German army during World War II. At that time, the national army also had US-made Joslop 2e and A12 attack aircraft. During the Battle of Shanghai, the air force hero Shen Chonghai was flying the A12; in addition, in the national army, there were a small number of P26 fighters and the old Hawk second-class fighters.

The main fighter jets of the Japanese army at the beginning of the War of Resistance were Nakajima 97, Kawasaki 91, and Mitsubishi 96. Except for Kawasaki 91, they were all rogue. The Japanese army also had some biplane fighters made by Nakajima and Mitsubishi, but they were not widely used; the Japanese bombers were mainly Mitsubishi 93 and Mitsubishi 96 land attack aircraft, and later the Nakajima twin-engine bombers soon appeared.

Releasing the war statement and strategic tasks undertaken by the Japanese bombers is dual. During the war, Japanese bombers can be seen in ground support and air strikes on rear cities.

The Japanese fighter jets have more single-wings, which have better performance than the Russian-made Isle 15 and the US-made Hawk iii biplane fighter jets, but slightly worse than the Isle 16 of the National Army; the Japanese fighter jets are equipped with two 7.7 machine guns, and the National Army's two 7.62 or 7.9 machine guns; the Japanese fighter jets are equipped with a small amount of armor on the back of the pilot, and the American-made aircraft of the National Army have several large pieces of armor; the National Army's bombers are close to the advanced level of the world at that time, and the Japanese army's same except for the Type 93. The Type 93 is the useless rib of the Japanese army. The Japanese critical strike plane king was shot down by the National Army and died by the National Army; although the Russian-made Isle 16 of the National Army was better than the Japanese army for a while, the number was too small, and the number was large was Hawk iii.

On the contrary, the Japanese army had a small number of biplane fighters, and the performance was better than that of Hawk iii. The number of Nakajima 97 and Mitsubishi 96 was large. In the early stage of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang army could still fight against it when the Japanese army did not concentrate a large number of fighters. The combat form was to engage in air combat centered on intercepting Japanese bombers. Therefore, in air combat, the Chinese army often used guerrilla tactics to make Japanese fighters unpredictable, and the Chinese army often could shoot down Japanese bombers. When the Japanese army concentrated a large number of fighters and the Zero and Nakajima styles appeared, the Japanese army basically eliminated the National Army Air Force. This situation gradually changed after the arrival of the US-made P40 fighter jets that could confront the Zero fighter jets aid China and the Flying Tigers.

The National Air Force did not have much effect in the early stage of the War of Resistance Against Japan and did not do much, because the National Air Force was viewed. The pilots came from all over the place and were far from being as rigorous as the Japanese army. In daily life and wartime, accidents of plane destruction and death often occurred. Some pilots with records of shooting down sunsets died like this. In combat, the only one of the Chinese people were rank-up in a long snake formation to fight the enemy air. The results of the National Air Force were insignificant, but the courage was commendable. The arrogance of the Air Force raised by Mrs. Jiang was not completely useless. If there was air supremacy, the National Army might not be defeated so miserably.

Release tactics compared with the Japanese army

The infantry tactics of the National Army were based on the scattered line tactics during World War I. During defense, it emphasized the depth and continuity of the front line, and required that the overall coordination of the troops was good and there was an insurmountable terrain to cover the flanks. Generally, infantry was deployed at the forefront, and in many cases there were several scattered lines, followed by reserves and artillery, and finally the supervising team. Because the quality of the soldiers of the National Army was poor, it was necessary to prevent them from fleeing without fighting. Once the defense line collapsed, it was impossible to organize the fleeing team.

It is possible to do things; the firepower of the national army is basically evenly distributed on the front, and the infantry must fight hard to maintain the continuous front line. When attacking, they adopt multi-layer scattered formations to attack under the cover of their own firepower. When defending, the Japanese army adopted the tactic of fighting around defending the firepower point. They used long-range firepower to kill and injure the enemy, and used infantry to ensure that the firepower point is not directly attacked by the enemy. Since the Japanese army had far more artillery and machine guns than the national army, their defense could be very solid, and the national army often suffered heavy damage to the attack.

The most noteworthy thing is the Japanese offensive tactics. Due to the high military quality of the Japanese soldiers, their individual combat power is very strong. They can often lightly pass through the steep terrain that is generally considered insurmountable. They launch surprise attacks behind the national army, and are reflected in the Battle of Shanghai and the Battle of Wuhan. The most typical one is the Myanmar battlefield. When the retreating elite troops passed through the primitive deep forest of the Wild Man Mountain, many soldiers died in non-combats, and the troops basically collapsed, and the Japanese army also did not give much.

But after passing through the Wild Man Mountain, it can still launch an attack. When pursuing, the Japanese army often sends plainclothes personnel to mingle among the retreating people in advance, waiting for opportunities to cause chaos, block traffic, destroy communications, and eliminate the blasting team behind the National Army. This is most obvious in the final attack on Guizhou and Guangxi. When the Japanese army attacked the National Army's positions, they usually sneaked to the National Army's positions about a hundred meters, and then suddenly launched an attack, sometimes even within fifty meters. Sneak attacks are a major tactical feature of the Japanese army.

The national army has weak firepower, and once the Japanese army raids at close range, it will be difficult to suppress its momentum. Of course, the national army has also adopted some effective methods, such as a large number of grenades counterattacks, which can make up for the insufficient firepower of the surface, and can cause delays in the impact of the Japanese army at the forefront and win time for rifle firepower. This grenade tactic has a deep impression on the Japanese army, but it cannot be done in the attack, and no one can withstand that much. In addition, because the Japanese infantry has

There are a large number of artillery, and they often use artillery to destroy the frontier firepower points of the National Army from a long distance, or use snipers to kill the National Army machine gunner commanders, etc. Once the National Army's defense line loses its firepower points, the Japanese attack will easily work. The National Army generally has more than two trench positions, but it is often either counterattacked by the Japanese army or is destroyed by the fleeing soldiers in front. Until the War of Liberation, the National Army did not have the habit of actively forming a bag-shaped defensive position.

Release a strategy for comparing with the Japanese army

The purpose of releasing the Japanese army's strategic purpose is to establish an absolute power in East Asia, and China and Russia are the biggest stumbling blocks. Japan's demand for foreign expansion is extremely urgent. To the south, as long as we defend Malacca and the Lombok Strait, we can control a large area. Japan understands that China is unable to compete with it, and the Soviet Union is mainly beneficial to Europe. If the Soviet Union intervenes in the Far East, it will not benefit, because the rich Northeast is already a Japanese territory at this time, and the Central Plains, Indochina and Nanyang areas are also too far away for the Soviet Union. What remains are Britain, France and the United States, and Britain and France can wait for the opportunity, and it is not difficult to deal with them. Although the British and French fleets are strong, the Japanese Imperial Navy can do its best to pay.

The Imperial Japanese Navy is one of the best in the world. For Japan, it is hard for the United States to deal with the United States on the other side of the Pacific. To deal with the United States, we must first ensure that the supply line of war is maintained smoothly. This supply line is from South Asia, Southeast Asia to Japan, from Northeast Asia to Japan, from mainland China to Japan. Among these three supply lines, two are in China's mainland and one is in or adjacent to China's territorial waters, which shows China's geopolitical importance to Japan. The two supply lines in China do not need to be careful of the United States' direct attack. The sea is very dangerous. In order to ensure the maritime supply line, troops must be deployed along China's coast, so that Japan can rely on the Mianheng continent to fight against the US military.

, get rid of the inconvenience of geography of isolated islands. The order of the Japanese army's combat is: drive the main force of the national army out of important coastal ports on mainland China, control the source of Chinese resources, first to obtain resources, second to ensure supply lines, third to establish support points along the mainland to eliminate the threat from land to sea. At this point, no matter how Chinese military and civilians fight, the Japanese army did a relatively successful job. Until the late period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the mainland direction did not threaten the Japanese army's maritime transportation line. Until four or five years, the Japanese army was weak, and the US military had only submarines entered the East China Sea and the South China Sea; secondly, it was to clear the British, French and American strongholds distributed in a dot-like manner to form a clean space where the Japanese army could gallop at will, and the Japanese army also succeeded. The Japanese army wanted to form a Japanese, Chinese, and Indian

Duchina, Myanmar, South Pacific countries, and Mariana are the outer ring circle. Some Japanese officers wanted to form a buffer zone in the direction of the Soviet Union and launched the Nomonkan Battle, but failed. The Japanese upper class did not support it. However, China was busy with civil war and the anti-communist rule for many years before the war. Chiang Kai-shek had not firmly controlled the Three Norths. The Soviet Union was close, so allying with Russia could put back pressure on the northern warlords. Fortunately, the warlords were not close to the Soviet Union! Chiang Kai-shek also saw the threat from Japan. In order to prevent the Japanese army, who had already settled in the northeast, cut off ties with the Soviet Union and prevent the Soviet Union from intervening, Chiang also stepped up the ties with the United States. China's strategy was only self-protection, and he used the power of others to control Japan, and finally the containment strategy was lost.

Postscript to the comparison with the Japanese army

After writing so many posts, everyone can see where China was at that time. A nation treats problems with its own values ​​and may not succeed, but can be seen in the diplomatic history of the Qing Dynasty. Similarly, the invaders may not fail. For example, the establishment of the Qing Dynasty was the correct understanding and tolerance of cultural differences. Japan was also defeated by imposing its own values. We always said that it was people who decide the outcome of the war. Do our people have to be better than others? Judging from the situation of the Anti-Japanese War, this point is not optimistic. We have built human factors on certain false assumptions. This false assumption still affects us and has become the best comfort for us to fall behind. The reason why in many wars later on was always the cost of human beings is huge, and the construction of backward equipment is a big deal, which is what people think that our people must be better than others. Many years ago, we often liberated all mankind, and how much time it took to waste. This false misunderstanding of the country and people is very shallow!

The Chinese people are the worst at summarizing lessons, and they have suffered many losses but never repent. For decades, the public has reviewed the War of Resistance Against Japan, either they are celebrating the magical and sarcastic, or they are filled with sadness and tears. How many useful reviews and reflections are there? They are only willing to talk about victory, but they are not willing to say that they have lost their achievements, even if they have lost more than they have won. When I was a child, I thought that the Eighth Route Army had sunk all the Japanese aircraft carriers.

Reprinted from "The Burning Islands"
Chapter completed!