Why do the marshals and generals have little impression of armor-breaking bombs? In fact, this has to start with a certain immortal. ¤, before the outbreak of World War II, Li Xiaofeng vigorously advocated the development of armor-breaking bombs, so that this anti-armor ammunition that utilizes the Monroe effect develops rapidly. The blinding armor-breaking data also excited military strategists, and there were even arguments such as tank uselessness.

If Li Xiaofeng had not tried his best to stand up for tanks and armored forces, and if Tukhachevsky had not used his power to promote the theory of deep combat, the Soviet Union's tank development would have suffered severe damage in this time and space.

Let me put it this way, at that time, Soviet military strategists and military technical experts sang praises to armor-piercing bombs, and the supporters of armor-piercing bombs who supported the development of high-bucket pressure and long-body cannons were a bit unsuccessful.

However, during the Spanish Civil War, the performance of Red Army tanks and anti-tank guns equipped with armor-piercing bombs was actually not good-looking. For example, the 37mm and 45mm armor-piercing bombs were theoretically able to penetrate 70mm to 90mm armor plates, and live ammunition tests on the shooting range can also penetrate armor plates ranging from 60mm to 80mm. However, in actual combat, its armor-piercing power is pitifully low, and generally can only penetrate homogeneous armor plates of 10 to 20mm thick.

Why are the data from theory to practice, and from shooting range to actual combat different? The reason is very simple. These theoretical data are numbers derived from ideal conditions under ideal conditions. For example, how do the power of armor-breaking bombs be tested in the shooting range?

In fact, it is not live-fire shooting, but rather the armor-breaking bomb is placed in a fixed and ideal state before the target plate to detonate, which is the so-called static armor-breaking value. In actual combat, the armor-breaking bomb fired by the rifled gun is in a high-speed rotation (ten thousand to tens of thousands to tens of thousands). The centrifugal force greatly disperses the jet. The natural dynamic armor-breaking value is terrible.

This is also an important reason why Li Xiaofeng especially developed a 100 medium-bore pressure smoothbore gun before the outbreak of World War II. At the beginning, this gun was prepared for armor-piercing bombs, which can maximize the power of armor-piercing bombs.

Of course, this gun did do this. For example, theoretically, the maximum static armor-breaking ability of a 100 mm caliber armor-breaking projectile is about 500 to 700 mm (judging from the material and taper of the medicine cover). If it is fired with a rifled gun, the dynamic armor-breaking ability is about 100 mm. But with a smoothbore gun, how much is the dynamic armor-breaking ability? It is about 200 mm to 300 mm. This is almost three times the gap!

Let's put it this way. As for the 100mm smoothbore gun currently equipped with the T-54, even if it encounters the German e-100, it can easily penetrate it. Even on the battlefield of the Patriotic War, there are often cases where the T-54 beats the opponent to the opposite end.

It seems that this is very good! Yes, the Red Army armored soldiers are very satisfied with the power of the 100mm medium-bore pressure smoothbore gun firing armor-breaking shells, but they are extremely dissatisfied with the accuracy of this gun! Because the chamber pressure is relatively low, the effective range of the gun is very limited, and basically can only attack targets within 750 meters. If this distance exceeds the accuracy, the accuracy will be terrible. Not only does the launch armor-bore bomb have ugly accuracy. The launch of grenades is also ugly. As a heavy tank dedicated to supporting infantry breakthroughs, using grenades is a necessary skill. The problem is that this essential skill, the 100mm medium-bore pressure smoothbore gun, is really not well trained.

Therefore, the armored soldiers are actually quite objective to this. In the improvement of the T-54, the key project was this gun. Before the outbreak of the Patriotic War, the armored soldiers instructed the Ural Heavy Machinery Factory's general designer Petrov to develop a 100mm high-broken pressure rifled gun based on the b34 naval gun (that is, the D-10 series).

If the war had not suddenly broken out and the armor-piercing bullets used in the D-10 series faced technical difficulties (the scrap rate was too high), the armored soldiers were preparing to use the D-10t to replace all 100mm medium-bore pressure smoothbore guns on the T-54.

So at this time, when they heard that the D-5t was using armor-piercing bombs, the marshals and generals immediately lost their waists because they were really fed up with the armor-piercing bombs that looked very good.

"This is a brand new armor-piercing bomb," Li Xiaofeng was not in a hurry at all, and explained slowly: "In order to solve the problem of insufficient armor-piercing bombs' ability to move and pierce armor, Northern Industry has made a series of technological improvements. The female K-150 series armor-piercing bombs you see now are the latest technical achievements. The accuracy within 1,000 meters will not be significantly different than armor-piercing bombs, and it can penetrate 150 mm thick vertical armor... And you should have seen the effect of this new armor-piercing bomb just now. It is far better than the br-271n armor-piercing bombs that are expensive, difficult to produce and require tungsten carbide."

This explanation made the generals feel a lot more relieved, but why was Tukhachevsky willing to give up easily? He attacked: "This is just what you said!"

Li Xiaofeng pointed to the target board speechlessly, with a clear meaning. The three rounds of shooting just now had already explained everything. However, Tukhachevsky still refused to admit defeat: "This still doesn't mean anything. Who can guarantee that this is not the best ammunition you specially selected, and has not passed the large number of live ammunition tests at the national shooting range..."

Before he finished speaking, Li Xiaofeng interrupted: "Then has the br-271n been tested at the national shooting range again? Sorry, it is still a product in the laboratory and is not even qualified to enter the production line. The female K-150 can be produced in large quantities and equipped with the troops. As for the testing at the national shooting range, it can be started at any time!"

The generals nodded with satisfaction. For them, the most advanced but intangible ammunition is meaningless. They need shelf products and products that can quickly equip the troops. In this regard, the female K-150 undoubtedly has a huge advantage, and this advantage also makes the D-5 series have considerable advantages. If the D-5 series has no problem fighting tanks and its multi-purpose capabilities are far better than the Zis-2, then isn't it clear who to choose?

So what method did Li Xiaofeng do this? Or how did he use to solve the problem of insufficient armor-breaking ability of rifled cannon firing armor-breaking bullets?

In fact, this problem cannot be solved at all. Yes, it is not a joke at all. This is a problem that cannot be solved at all. Because the rifled gun is born, it is not suitable for firing armor-breaking bombs.

High-speed rotation will inevitably disperse the jet and will inevitably affect the armor-breaking ability. This problem can be fundamentally solved unless the shell is stopped from rotating. The problem is, is this possible for a rifled gun?

It is completely impossible. For decades, countless experts have been trying to find solutions for rifled guns, and in the end they only optimized the ability of rifled guns to fire armor-breaking bombs. The most famous one is the French G-type armor-breaking bomb, and the other is the sliding belt technology invented by Niu Niu. Among them, the former is said to be able to reduce the rotation of armor-breaking bombs from tens of thousands to 20 revolutions, while the latter also announced that it can reduce the speed of armor-breaking bombs by half.

Is it that good? Only after using it will I know that the Jews introduced the Gallic Chicken's -105-57 105mm rifled gun and the exclusive G-type armor-breaking bomb in the 1960s. Please note that this is a "magic weapon" specially created by Gallic Chicken to launch armor-breaking bombs. Because of its low bore pressure, this gun is basically unable to fire kinetic armor-breaking bombs. It is said that it can penetrate 360 ​​mm (vertical) at a maximum effective range of 700 meters.

So what is the actual result? In actual combat, the Jews found that the minimum speed of 20 revolutions in G-type armor-breaking bombs was basically impossible to achieve, and the rotation speed of the armor-breaking bombs was still as high as thousands of revolutions. The result was that the theoretical armor-breaking value of 360 could not be achieved at all. Not to mention dealing with the thicker armor-breaking t-62, it was quite difficult to hit the t-54. Therefore, the Jews quickly eliminated the flashy and extremely expensive G-type armor-breaking bombs. They threw it into the garbage pile with the gate-105-57.

As for the sliding elastic band invented by Niu Niu, I have to say that this is indeed simpler than the French, easy to implement and cheaper to build. However, this still cannot fundamentally solve the problem. The armor-piercing bomb using sliding elastic band technology is still as high as tens of thousands of revolutions after launch, and its dynamic armor-piercing power is actually only one-third or even one-quarter of the power of the static armor-piercing bomb. This still only looks good.

So how did Li Xiaofeng improve the power of the female K-150 armor-breaking bomb? He divided it into several steps. The first step was to improve the old mechanical fuse into piezoelectric fuse.

Why do we need to make such improvements? Although armor-breaking bombs have high theoretical value of breaking, this requires the metal jet of armor-breaking bomb to reach an optimal distance to detonate (that is, the optimal high explosion). Only at this distance can we obtain metal jets with the smallest cross-sectional area and the largest density. If the detonation is too late, the metal jets will hit the armor plate before they reach the most dense level, which will naturally reduce the power; and if the detonation is too early, the metal jets will greatly reduce their effectiveness and are prone to breaking.

This puts forward high requirements for fuses, which must be detonated when the best bomb is high, and it is about to break out accurately. However, during World War II, most of the armor-breaking bombs used traditional mechanical fuses, which cannot control the bombing at all, so the armor-breaking power is not ideal.

Piezoelectric fuse can solve this problem. The so-called piezoelectric fuse is to install a piezoelectric ceramic on the head of the bullet body. This ceramic can generate nearly 10,000 volts of pulse current under the impact of sufficient force, and use this current to detonate the electric detonator. It has a sufficient reaction speed (no need to mention the speed of the current), and a relatively high safety threshold to ensure that there is no sufficient impact force to detonate.

Speaking of this, comrades should also understand what the US imperialists are doing to weld so many "bird cages" and "anti-theft nets" to armored vehicles in Iraq and Afghanistan? In fact, its use is very simple, it is to deal with piezoelectric fuses.

Rockets equipped with piezoelectric fuses hit the "bird cage" and "anti-theft net". There are two situations. One is that they are stuck by iron bars. After being stuck, the fuses will naturally not work and will not detonate the armored shell. The second situation is that they hit the iron bars and explode. As mentioned earlier, the jets of armored shells are very sensitive to explosion. Generally, the "iron cages" are at a distance from the main armor. Without the best explosion height, the erosion of the jets on the main armor will naturally be greatly reduced.

Improving the incoming message is only the first move, and the second move is the sliding elastic band. Of course, the sliding elastic band cannot completely solve the problem, but it can be optimized. Some comrades may ask again, since that is the case, why don’t the G-type armor-breaking bullet technology be used?

The reason is very simple. G-type armor-breaking bombs are balls and bearings, and they also need to be lubricated. They have high technical requirements, average results and expensive construction. They create troubles with Soviet technology and cannot be mass-produced on a large scale, so they are naturally abandoned.

With the sliding elastic belt, the speed of the D-5t fires the armor-breaking bomb can basically be controlled at about 8,000 revolutions. It is much better than the original tens of thousands of revolutions. Of course, there is also a problem with the use of the sliding elastic belt. The plastic sliding elastic belt must occupy a part of the space of the bullet, and the diameter of the medicine cover in the bullet body must be reduced. The size of the medicine cover is directly related to the depth of the armor-breaking. Simply put, the larger the medicine cover, the stronger the armor-breaking ability will be. However, this reasonable choice is worth it. Otherwise, even if the diameter of the medicine cover is large, the speed is too high, at most, the value of the armor-breaking value is good. In actual combat, it is still tears.

Of course, in order to make up for the regret of the reduction of the diameter of the drug cover, Li Xiaofeng also prepared a third improvement measure, that is, to put in time on the drug cover itself. The impact of the material of the armor-breaking ammunition cover on the armor-breaking ability is also obvious. Metals with high density and ductility are suitable for use in medicine, such as copper commonly used. The ductility and density of copper are good, and the price is relatively cheap, and suitable for large-scale use.

However, whether it is brass or copper, there is still a big difference compared to some other metals, such as gold, silver or tantalum. Among these three, gold is naturally the most ideal. It has the best ductility and the largest density, followed by tantalum and silver.

Of course, silver is limited to copper, and the price does not show such a strong advantage. So a certain immortal gave up silver first. His focus was on gold and tantalum. Everyone is familiar with gold and famous precious metals. Anyway, if the military committee knew that a certain immortal was preparing to use a drug made of armor-breaking bullets to attack the enemy with a drug made of gold, he would probably spray it to death with saliva. This is a real gold coin bullet.

Therefore, it is obvious that gold is not suitable. In the end, only tantalum is left. This thing has a slightly lower density than gold and has excellent ductility. Since World War II, it has been widely used in capacitors, chemicals and atomic energy industries. Later, the familiar terminal-sensitive bombs or explosion-forming ammunition are inseparable from tantalum.

In fact, Li Xiaofeng has long been eyeing the value of tantalum. Since 1930, he has developed tantalum ore to extract refined tantalum through northern industry, which has been widely used in the field of communication manufacturing. This time, Tukhachevsky was forced to use a tantalum drug cover.

Of course, the facts prove that Li Xiaofeng's choice was very correct. The armor-breaking bullets originally equipped with D-5 were only about how deep it was? It was less than 50 mm, which was basically the level of tickling the black panther and tiger. After using the tantalum medicine cover, the static armor-breaking value was as high as 450 mm, and the dynamic armor-breaking value could reach the level of 150 mm to 180 mm. This makes the D-5 series with the possibility of breaking through the armor-breaking armor-breaking armor when launching armor-breaking bombs in the later stage. This is definitely good news for the t-34-85.

However, after all, tantalum drug cover is good, but it is really not cheap. In later generations, pure tantalum costs 3,000 or 4,000 yuan per kilogram, which is definitely a precious metal. Of course, for the Soviet Union, the biggest problem with using tantalum drug cover was not expensive. So what about gold coin bullets in order to defeat the enemy?

The key reason restricting the large-scale use of tantalum medicine covers in the Soviet Union was that there were very few tantalum ores in the Soviet Union and their quality was very low. To put it bluntly, the Soviet Union did not have much tantalum resources. This precious metal was completely dependent on imports.

So what are the countries with the richest tantalum resources in the world? Sixty percent are in Australia, the remaining 30 percent are in Brazil, and the last less than ten percent of the remaining Soviet Union may not even have 0.01%.

For example, the tantalum ore of northern industrial industry originated from Brazil. Ores mined from Brazil were transported to Vyborg, Finland and then processed into refined tantalum. After the outbreak of the Patriotic War, because the Baltic estuary was blocked, the tantalum ore was transported to Murmansk and then transported to Vyborg by railway. To be honest, this cost is a bit high.

But there is no way to make the cost high. Who made the Soviet Union lack this? Moreover, tantalum is still widely used and high-end and sophisticated, and even if it is expensive, it must be used. Li Xiaofeng also made preparations for both hands. The female K-150 that uses tantalum alloy medicine covers is a small amount as a high-end A product, and is distributed to T-34-85 or Su-85 as a can opener. It is used only when encountering Black Panther and Tiger. The slightly lower-end one is the female K-150a, which is a B product. It uses copper medicine covers and has a lower armor-breaking ability (about 100 to 120 mm).

Although B-stock is not enough to destroy improved black panthers, such as black panther g and black panthers, the problem of hunting tigers is not very big. As for the old armor-piercing bombs distributed to D-5t, it is better to take a break. Whether it is A, AB or APR bomb, D-5t basically cannot kill tigers and cheetahs from a safe distance. Since that is the case, then use armor-piercing bombs first!

Li Xiaofeng also had a vision of why the Soviet armor-piercing bombs were so time. One was because of the backward technology, and the other was that the production capacity demand was too large. Thousands of Su-100, tens of thousands of Su-85s and T-34-85s needed a massive amount of armor-piercing bombs (it would probably take tens of thousands of APRs to accompany each vehicle to five APRs. Calculate this number, can the Soviet Union afford the APR with the ability of the Soviet Union?). To make these tanks and tank destroyers work, the Soviet Union had to grit the teeth to supply armor-piercing bombs, which could only reduce the technical requirements and meet the tactical needs first.

If the big head of the d-5 can reduce the use of armor-piercing bombs, and with the Soviet Union's industrial capabilities, it will be difficult to develop and produce better armor-piercing bombs for use in high-end D-10 and D-25 series. Anyway, there is no composite armor this year, so it is also possible to make do with armor-piercing bombs. What's more, armor-piercing bombs have low technical requirements and are cheaper, which is suitable for the massive existence of t-34... (To be continued.)

ps: Bow to thank the giant among the giants, drunk Wufeng, lazy readers, jj, Sayuka attack aircraft, Jinling spirit, Southern Wanderer and Comrade Juventus!
Chapter completed!