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Ananda——The First

Ananda is simply called Nanda, meaning "celebrate joy" and "joy". He is the younger brother of Devadatta, the son of King Ganlufan, and the cousin of the Buddha. He was a monk since he was a child and had studied with Shili Kasyapa. When the Buddha was fifty-five, he converted to the Buddha. Because he was young and smart, he was also the cousin of the Buddha, and after he became a monk, he was elected as the attendant of the Buddha (servant). He devoted himself to serving the Buddha and was inseparable from him until the Buddha's Nirvana, and followed the Buddha for twenty-five years. He was good at remembering and could remember all the teachings taught by the Buddha. Among the Buddha's disciples, he heard the Dharma the most, so he won the title of "the first in the most knowledgeable".

After the Buddha's Nirvana, in order to preserve the Dharma, Venerable Kashyapa summoned 4999 Buddhist disciples who had attained Arhat to collect the Dharma. Ananda was rejected because he had not attained the holy fruit. He was very ashamed of this life, so he was able to achieve courage and diligence that night. Finally, he attained the Arhat fruit overnight and joined the team to collect the Dharma. At the assembly meeting, Ananda recited all the sacred scriptures of the Shrine (Shrinea is Sanskrit, meaning Buddhist scriptures). He made indelible achievements in the collection of the Buddha's teachings throughout his life and the spread of later generations.

Ananda was not only talented, profound in Buddhism, but also noble in character. When he was recommended as the Buddha's servant, in order to avoid suspicion, he made three requests, including "he will never wear the Buddha's old and new clothes." He was praised by the Buddha. He was gentle in character and treated others with humility and sincerity. Among Buddhist disciples, he had the best popularity, especially women prefer to be close to him. He once asked the Buddha to ask his aunt, Madame Borapoti, to become a monk. The emergence of nuns in the Buddhist monastic community was inseparable from Ananda's call for running in front of the Buddha.

After the gathering of Raja City, Ananda spread the Dharma everywhere. Twenty years later, he took over the Dharma of Venerable Mahakasyapa and became the leader of the monastic community. At this time, he was 66 years old. When he was 120 years old, he witnessed the deep self-attachment in the world and did not act according to Buddhism. The Buddha's great disciples left one after another, so he decided to Nirvana. According to legend, when he was about to enter the extinction, the relationship between the Magadha and Visheli, located on both sides of the Ganges River in India, suddenly became tense. In order to calm the war that was about to break out, Ananda used his supernatural power to destroy the Ganges River, transformed his body into two halves, and divided it to worship the two countries, and a war subsided. Ananda was still thinking about sentient beings when he was about to enter Nirvana. It was the embodiment of the spirit of compassion in Buddhism.

Rahula—The First Secret

Venerable Rahula, also known as "Rahula", "Rahula", etc., is translated as "blocking the barrier", "blocking the moon", and "Zheyue". He is the Buddha's biological son. His mother was Yeshudra. He met his mother with his mother at the age of seven, and became a monk from Shariputra at the age of fifteen. He was the earliest novice monk in the Buddhist monastic community. When he first became a monk, he liked to lie. After the Buddha's strict training, his good roots sprouted and regretted his previous mistakes. From then on, he strictly observed the pure precepts and practiced according to the teachings. He strictly observed the "three thousand majesties" and "eighty thousand fine deeds" of monks stipulated in Buddhist precepts. He never neglected and violated them. Therefore, he won the title of "first secret practice" among Buddhist disciples. In addition to observing the martial law, he also possessed the virtue of forbearance. The Great Wisdom Treatise says that once, he returned from a wandering place.

His dormitory was occupied by other monks, and his robe, mantle and other objects were thrown outside the door. According to the Buddhist rules at that time, monks were the big ones, monks were the small ones. monks were not allowed to stay in the same room with monks. Therefore, he could only find another place to live. It was raining heavily outside, so he had to hide in the toilet and sit in meditation, enduring the invasion of stench and rain. Another time, he went out to beg for food, and encountered a group of gangs of gangsters on the road. He was beaten to pieces, but he was still not angry or angry. When Rahula was seven years old, he begged for inheritance from the Buddha, and the Buddha promised to leave him the "Seven Holy Wealth". These seven kinds of property are: faith, diligence, precepts, shame, hearing and giving up, forbearance, concentration and wisdom. Looking at Rahula's life, he strictly adhered to pure precepts and endurance, and it should be said that he had completely inherited the inheritance left by the Buddha and did not disappoint the Buddha's expectations.

Mahakasyapa - The First

Mahakasyapa means "drinking light". He is a rich child in the city of Rashe, the capital of Magadha. He was disgusted with the world since he was a child. Because of his father's persecution, he once married a rich girl named Miaoxian, a country of Visheli, as his wife. However, Miaoxian and him were like-minded and they lived a life of separation. After twelve years of marriage, both of their parents died, and the time for Kashyapa to become a monk was finally ripe. He bid farewell to Miaoxian and went out to seek his master and visit several famous teachers, but none of them were his wishes. One day, he came to the Zhulin Monastery and listened to the Buddha's teachings. He felt that it was in line with his original intention, so he followed the Buddha to become a monk. Soon, he brought Miaoxian to the female monastic community and practiced the Brahmacharya together.

After Kashyapa converted to Buddhism, although he became a member of the Buddhist monastic community, he never lived in the monastic community. He believed that the life in the monastic community was too abundant and was not suitable to practice the transcendental method. He always practiced meditation alone in the deep mountains, tombs and corpses. There were ten ways of practicing: 1. Choose a free place to live; 2. Always beg for food; 3. Live in one place; 4. Eat a meal a day; 5. Beg for food without choosing the rich and poor; 6. Strictly observe the three robes and bowls;

7. Always think under a tree; 8. Always sit in the open ground; 9. Wearing manure and sweeping clothes; 10. Where to live in the tomb. These practice methods of Kashyapa are called "Taudhu" in Buddhism. Touda means "shaking", which means shaking away the dust and dirt of troubles. Kashyapa practiced this ascetic practice for a long time and never slacked off, so he has the title of "Taudhu First" among Buddhist disciples. The Buddha also trusted him very much, praised him as the true abbot of the future Buddhism, and taught him the robe and bowl.

There is another popular story in the history of Buddhist Zen Buddhism. According to the "Brahma King Asking for Buddha and Resolving Questions", once the Buddha was invited by the Brahma King to preach the Dharma. After the Buddha ascended to the seat, he did not say a word, but just held a paradisiac flower in his hand to the public to see. The people present did not understand and were looking at it carefully. At this time, only the Venerable Kashyapa saw the Buddha showing the flowers and smiled. The Buddha immediately announced in public: "I have the eyes of the Dharma, the wonderful mind of Nirvana, and the subtle Dharma of the reality without form. "At the same time, he gave Kashyapa the golden robes and bowls he used in daily life. Kashyapa became the Buddha's heir. Therefore, his Zen Buddhism regarded him as the "first generation of ancestors in the West."

After the Buddha's Nirvana, Kashyapa took on the important task of celebrating the Buddhist teachings. Under his leadership and presidency, he carried out the collection of the Buddha's teachings. This time, the collection was in Rashe City, and five hundred great monks who had attained the Arhat fruit participated. At the meeting, Ananda recited the Sutras, Upali recited the Vinaya, and collected two major Buddhist scriptures. This was the first collection in the history of Buddhism. The collection of Buddhist scriptures initiated by Kashyapa made an indelible contribution to the collection, preservation of the Buddha's teachings and the widespread dissemination of Buddhism since then.

According to legend, when Kashyapa was in his seventies, he passed the Dharma to Ananda, and then went to the basin between the peaks of Jizu Mountain 800 miles southwest of Rashe City (there are three peaks standing on the mountain, which look like Jizu) and meditated into meditation. When Maitreya is born, he will hand over the robe and mantle taught by the Buddha to Maitreya.

Kasyapa - First discussion

Kasyapa was a native of the Buddha's era. He was influenced by his uncle Aquita since childhood. He was proficient in Vedic scriptures, astrology and various ancient Indian characters, and his attainments in ancient characters were particularly profound. According to legend, there was an ancient stele in India at that time, and no one could recognize the words on it. The king posted a decree to the whole country: Those who can understand will be rewarded. Kasyapa announced the list and applied for the election. It was easy to translate the inscription. Although the inscription was translated, the content of the inscription made him puzzled. Following his uncle's guidance, he went to the Zhulin Monastery to ask the Buddha, and the Buddha explained the content of the inscription in detail. It turned out that this inscription was about eliminating troubles and realizing Bodhi. Kasyapa listened to the Buddha's explanation and admired the Buddha's knowledge and thoughts. In this way, an ancient stele introduced him into the world of truth in Buddhism.

After becoming a monk, Kasyapa not only diligently practiced the Taoism, but also actively devoted himself to the Buddhist teachings. He was quick-thinking, eloquent and thorough in reasoning, and was awarded the title of "First of Discussion" among Buddhist disciples. Because he was good at discussing, many heretics were convinced by his arguments. Many people also entered the Buddhist path with his skillful teachings. The "Sutra of the Wise and Fool" contains a story that there was a poor and helpless old woman in Apanti State, who was poor due to her family background.

, walked to the river and cried bitterly, wanting to see him for a short time. Seeing this, Kasyapa hurriedly stepped forward to comfort her. Kasyapa learned that the woman was caused by poverty. She skillfully taught her the method of "selling poverty". The method of selling poverty was to give. The old woman gave accordingly and was finally born in the Trayastrimsa Palace. This story is called "Kashapapa taught her mother to sell poverty". Most of the places where Kasyapa spread the Dharma was chosen in West India, where Buddhism was not yet popular at that time. It can be seen that he was also the pioneer in the spread of Buddhism.

Fulunna - First statement

Fulou translated "Fuyou" and "Fuzhu" and so on. He was born in the home of a Brahmin elder in the Acropolis of Kapilava, and was born on the same day as the Buddha. When the Buddha first turned the Dharma wheel in Luyeyuan, he became a monk. He was known as "the first to preach the Dharma" among Buddhist disciples. He received this title mainly because he was good at preaching. According to records, when he preached, he "first to speak wonderful words with his eloquence to make sentient beings happy; then he used painful words to make those who hear them clue." It can be seen that his preaching was a method of deep and temptation. Fulou was also a famous teacher among Buddhist disciples. In order to spread Buddhism and let sentient beings benefit from the Dharma, he was not afraid of hardships or even hesitated.

Life, running around and spreading the Dharma rain, causing countless sentient beings to return to their paths and turn to the light. At that time, there was a remote "Thuluna Kingdom" in western India. The culture was backward, human nature was violent, and the Dharma was not introduced, which was a place where it was difficult to spread. In order to save the stubborn sentient beings there, he advanced and asked the Buddha to allow him to spread the Dharma. The Venerable Subhuti tested him and knew that he had the spirit of forgetting his body in the Dharma, so he agreed to his request. Before leaving, the Buddha also saw him off. The Buddha went to the country to accept 500 disciples and built 500 monks (tea temples), which was successful in preaching.

Subhuti - the first to understand emptiness

Subhuti means "good view" and "empt life". He was born in a Brahmin family in Rashe City. He was extremely smart since childhood, but he was stubborn and angry. It is said that he converted to the Buddha by the mountain god. Subhuti also has his own specialty. He "good understanding of emptiness and ambition in emptiness" and is known as "the best way to understand emptiness" among Buddhist disciples. He often penetrates the "empt principle" into all his words and deeds. Once, he sewed clothes in Luoyue City. The Buddha suddenly came to the city, and the local people went to greet him and worship him. He originally wanted to go to welcome the Buddha, but

Just as he was about to set off, he suddenly thought about the emptiness principle of "all appearances are false", and he should not look at the Buddha with his physical body. The true worship of the Buddha is to understand the truth of emptiness of all dharmas and not to welcome him. His practice was later highly praised by the Buddha, and the Buddha called him "the first person to welcome the Buddha". Because Subhuti was good at understanding the meaning of emptiness, he could not be attached to everything, not argue, have a broad mind, and be open-minded and free. Therefore, the Buddha praised him for having attained the Samadhi of Non-Controversy, being the first among people and the first Arhat of Desire.

Upoli - The First

Upali means "close attachment" and "close attachment". He was born in the lowest Shudra class among the four castes in India. He was originally a barber in the royal family of Kapilava. Because he was loyal, honest, hardworking and serious, everyone in the royal family liked him. When the Buddha returned to the Avatar of Kapila, princes such as Ananda in the royal family asked to become monks with the Buddha. He also had this wish, but he was also troubled by his humble origin. The Buddha saw his ambition and allowed him to become monks with the princes. He had a deep root of goodness. The Buddha said that he was a great disciple of the Vinaya Buddha in the past, and asked him to take precepts before the princes. After he became a monk, he strictly kept the precepts.

The Buddhist scriptures record that he "has never violated the precepts since he received the precepts according to the Buddha." Therefore, he has the reputation of "the first in keeping the precepts" among Buddhist disciples. Although he is known for keeping the precepts, he does not obey the rules for the precepts made by the Buddha. In the Buddhist scriptures, he often asks the Buddha to give permission. He not only strictly observes the precepts personally, but also helps the Buddha to make precepts and maintains the Buddha's precepts at all times. The most noteworthy thing is that in the first collection of Buddhist scriptures, he was the chanter of the Vinaya. He made immortal contributions to the neatness of the Buddhist monastic community in later generations and the development of Buddhism along the correct track. (To be continued)
Chapter completed!