Earth-nitrate, commonly known as fire-nitrate, chemical name **. It is an important industrial raw material for making matches, gunpowder, fireworks, etc., leather, papermaking, etc., which are inseparable from the production of matches, gunpowder, fireworks, etc. This kind of nitrogen is mostly accompanied by salt soil, and is a product of black soil in low-lying areas with yellow color, bitter taste, and easy quality. This product is a strong oxidant, which can promote fire when combustible substances catch fire. When contacting or mixing with organic matter, reducing agent, flammable substances such as sulfur, phosphorus, etc., there is a risk of combustion and explosion. When burning and decomposing, toxic nitrogen oxide gas is released. Decomposed by heat and released oxygen. Inhaling this product dust is irritating to the respiratory tract, and inhaling at high concentrations can cause pulmonary edema. A large amount of contact can cause methorhemoglobinemia, and oral administration can cause death.

Melting point (℃): 334

Boiling point (℃): No information

Relative density (water=1): 2.11

Relative vapor density (air = 1): No information

Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): No information

Combustion heat (kJ/mol): meaningless

Critical temperature (℃): meaningless

Critical pressure (MPa): meaningless

Logarithmic value of octanol/water partition coefficient: no information

Flash point (℃): meaningless

Ignition temperature (℃): meaningless

Explosion upper limit %(V/V): meaningless

Explosion lower limit %(V/V): meaningless

Solubility: easy to soluble in water, insoluble in anhydrous ethanol and ethyl ether.

Main uses: used to manufacture pyrotechnics, gunpowder, matches, medicine, and glass industries.

Made of nitrosodium**

[Principle] ** commonly known as tinum or earth nitride. It is an important raw material and compound fertilizer for black gunpowder. Nitrite and wood ash can be used as raw materials for preparation. After the organic matter in the soil is rotten, nitric acid is generated by the action of nitrite bacteria and nitric acid bacteria. Nitrate is combined with potassium, sodium, and magnesium plasma in the soil to form nitrates. This is how nitrates in tinum come from. Nitrite generally exist in toilets, pigs, cow houses, old walls of courtyards, cliffs, caves, and grounds that are not easily washed by rain. The tinum soil is damp and not easy to dry, and turns slightly purple-red after exposure to the sun. Good tinum soil will burst into sparks on the scorching charcoal.

The main principle of extracting ** from nitrosoil is to use potassium ions in wood ash to replace the sodium ions in nitrosoil to generate **. In addition, the carbonate ions and sulfate ions in wood ash combine with calcium and magnesium ions in nitrosoil to form insoluble salts and precipitate, thereby removing impurities such as calcium and magnesium. The main reaction formula is

Ca(NO3)2+K2SO4=2KNO3+CaSO4↓

Ca(NO3)2+K2CO3=2KNO3+CaCO3↓

Mg(NO3)2+K2CO3=2KNO3+MgCO3↓

Nitrosodium itself also contains **. Finally, the difference in solubility of various salts is used to control the temperature and concentration to make the ** crystallize out of the mixture.

【operate】

(1) Grind the nitrosodium and wood ash separately. Weigh the raw materials according to the mass ratio of nitrosodium and wood ash (the raw materials ratio varies depending on the source), mix and place it in a large beaker, and add about 75°C hot water until the mixture is immersed.

(2) Use a glass rod to stir continuously for about 15 minutes, and then perform suction filtration. Place the slag in a beaker again, add appropriate amount of hot water and stir for 15 minutes, and then filter again, and combine the filtrate twice (if there are many raw materials, you can only filter once). The obtained filtrate is often called nitrogen water.

(3) Pour the nitrate water into a large evaporation dish and heat it to evaporate (this step is called boiling nitrate). Keep stirring during heating to prevent sticking to the bottom and splashing.

(4) When 2/3 to 3/4 volumes of water are evaporated, stop heating. At this time, the solution is more viscous, and a small amount of solid has precipitated from the bottom of the evaporation dish. Use a glass rod to take a drop of solution on the paper. If the solution condenses into a clump immediately, it means that the requirements have been met. Squeeze immediately while it is hot. At this time, the temperature is very high, and the solubility of ** will not precipitate, while sodium chloride, potassium chloride, etc. precipitate due to the small solubility.

(5) Let the filtrate cool naturally to 30℃. At this time, the solubility of ** changes most due to temperature, and the solubility drops sharply and precipitates in large quantities. The solubility of salts such as sodium chloride changes little and basically no longer precipitates. Re-sucking filtering will give the ** crystal. If further purification is required, recrystallization can be performed again.

【illustrate】

(1) The best wood ash is the ash obtained after burning plants such as buckwheat stems, cotton shells, cotton stems, broad bean stems, rapeseed stems, tomato stems, sorghum stems, corn stems, etc., and their potassium content can reach 10 to 15%. Of course, other wood ash can also be used.
Chapter completed!