Xenon lamp is a xenon lamp filled with 0.019 to 0.0266MPa high-pressure xenon gas in an ellipsoid quartz bubble shell with a distance of less than 10mm between poles. In the early 1940s, the laboratory of the Development Research Center of the Federal German Osland Company took the lead in studying the characteristics of rare gas short-arc light sources. After years of development and improvement, it officially launched ultra-high-pressure short-arc xenon lamps to the market in 1951. In 1954, at the World Lighting and Film Expo in Cologne, Germany, Zeiss-Yikon Company exhibited the first xenon lamp as a film projection light source. Subsequently, the Netherlands, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China also successively developed and produced various specifications of xenon lamps for film projection. Since then, ultra-high-pressure short-arc xenon lamps have replaced carbon arc light sources in most cinemas in the world to become a new film projection light source.

According to its usage characteristics, xenon lamps can be divided into three types: natural cooling, air-cooling and water-cooling. Small-power lamps adopt natural cooling, lamps with power between 3000 and 5000W adopt air-cooling, and larger-power lamps adopt water-cooling.

The luminous efficiency of ultra-high voltage short-arc xenon lamp is about 40lm/W. When the DC ignition point is 0.07lc (lc is the polar distance), there is a highlight of the cathode spot called the cathode spot. The radiation light at this point reaches more than 70% of the total radiation luminous flux of the lamp, which makes the ultra-high voltage short-arc xenon lamp an almost ideal point light source, especially conducive to the design and use of optical systems. The peak brightness of the lamp with a power of 75~5000W is (50~650)×106cd/m2; the peak brightness of the 2500W high-power lamp can reach 2×109cd/m2.

Ultra-high voltage short-arc xenon lamps have almost transient optical starting characteristics - once they start, they radiate 80% of the total luminous flux of the lamp, reaching 90% after 1 minute, and reaching 100% after 2.5 minutes. It needs to be equipped with a dedicated starter and DC power supply, with a lifespan of about 500~1500h. The lamp can be ignited horizontally or vertically. Xenon lamps above 1000W require additional magnetic field arc stabilization devices when igniting horizontally. Ultra-high voltage short-arc xenon lamps are filled with high-voltage xenon, stored and stored, and should be placed in a special box to prevent explosion. When used, necessary explosion-proof and ultraviolet radiation protection measures should be taken.

Ultra-high voltage short-arc xenon lamps have high brightness, small luminous area, good color rendering, close to sunlight and stable light color, and are widely used in film projection, solar simulator, arc imaging furnace, D65 simulated light source concentrator, printing plate making, copier, optical instrument, artificial climate simulation, etc. In the 1980s, new varieties that prevent ozone from occurring and have explosion-proof structures were developed.

Long arc xenon lamp is a xenon lamp filled with an appropriate amount of high-purity xenon gas in a tubular quartz bubble shell, and sealed with a pole distance of more than 100mm at the two ends. In 1963, Cai Zuquan, a Chinese electric light source expert, successfully produced a long arc xenon lamp. Long arc xenon lamps are available in natural cooling and water cooling. Natural cooling xenon lamps are generally charged (2.66~26.6)×102Pa xenon gas, water-cooled xenon lamps (1.33~5.32)×

The xenon gas of 104Pa has a color temperature of 5500~6000K, the power can range from 102~2×106kW, and the luminous efficiency is 24~37lm/W. The luminous efficiency of water-cooled long-arc xenon lamp can reach 60lm/W, and the general life is 3000h. The power of the long-arc xenon lamp can be very large, and the volt-ampere characteristics have positive resistance characteristics, so only a starting device is required, and its specifications are two types: with ballast and without ballast.

The radiation spectrum of the long-arc xenon lamp is close to sunlight and is suitable for large-area lighting. It can also be used as a light source for cinematography, color photography, printing and copying. At the same time, it can also be used as a light source for simulated sunlight and artificial aging in color inspection of cotton fabrics, drug and plastic aging tests, plant cultivation, photochemical reactions, etc. In addition, high-power long-arc xenon lamps can also be used as a continuous laser light source.

In the 1980s, due to the appearance of light sources with good light color and higher light efficiency, long-arc xenon lamps have basically been replaced as lighting sources.

Short-arc xenon lamp, also known as short-arc xenon lamp spherical xenon lamp, is a point light source with extremely high brightness, with a color temperature of about 6000K and a light color close to sunlight. It is currently the best color rendering light source among gas discharge lamps. It is suitable for movie projections, searchlights, train lobes and simulated sunlight.

Pulse xenon lamps are xenon lamps that use stored electrical or chemical energy to flash high intensity in a very short time. In the middle of the 19th century, F. Talbot used spark gap discharge as an exposure light source for high-speed photography for the first time, which was the earliest artificial pulse light source. Later, an inert gas pulse discharge light source appeared, which made the pulse light source truly enter the practical stage. From 1935 to 1945, a series of pulse light sources appeared in the commercial market. In the 1950s, pulse light sources entered the industrial field. Pulse xenon lamps are generally composed of two electrodes sealed in glass or quartz glass, and the shell is filled with inert gas such as xenon. The flash of the pulse light source refers to the time interval corresponding to 1/3 of the peak light intensity, which is called the pulse width. It is mainly determined by the structure of the light source and the lighting circuit. The pulse width of the existing pulse light source is generally 10-9-10-2s, and the instantaneous brightness can be

Up to 1010cd/m2, it is the artificial light source with the highest brightness except laser. Its instantaneous luminous flux can reach 109lm, the flash repetition frequency is 1 to 106 times/min, the working life is more than 106 times, and the luminous efficiency is 40lm/W. There are the following 5 types of pulsed light sources: ① Various tubular pulse xenon lamps. The peak flash energy can range from several focals used in medicine and lighting photography to ballistic aerial observation and laser light sources.
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