Section 9 The Haixi Jurchen throne rules the roost

Taoism has penetrated the gods, and fragrant flowers meet Jurchen. On the bed of rosy clouds, there are pearls on the tent, and on the jade wheel with gold tips. The heart in the room is quiet, and it is spring for three days and nights. Who is the spiritual official, and the immortal phase has his wife.

In the nearly half a century before Nurhachi raised his army, the national consciousness of the Jurchens had rapidly increased, and some powerful people who dared to confront the Ming Dynasty emerged from various tribes. The reason why these people were unable to shake the Ming Dynasty's rule in the northeastern region

, on the one hand, it was because Li Chengliang was good at fighting, and on the other hand, it was also because the most powerful Haixi Jurchen Hada tribe, under the leadership of Wang Tai, was loyal to the court and did not go against the Ming court. Therefore, other Jurchen tribes could not cause much trouble.

The big wave came. Ace's tribe lived in the important area of ​​Nanguan and controlled trade. He also controlled the edict, controlled the ministries, and ordered the Jurchen tribes. At that time, due to the increasing power of the Jurchen tribes such as Haixi and Jianzhou, they had already established their country

After being declared Khan, the Jurchens began to move from dispersion to unity. The deferential attitude of the Jurchens led by Wang Tai towards the Ming court laid the foundation for the unification of the Jurchens in the future, and also removed obstacles for the founding of the Nurhaci nation.

The name Haixi Jurchen comes from the Haixi River, which is actually a section of the Songhua River, which is the section west of Yilan County in Heilongjiang Province where Liu Jing is now. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Haixi Jurchen moved south and gradually formed the Ula, Hada, and Huifa

, the four tribes of Yehe are clearly called the "Four Haixi tribes" (also known as the "four tribes of Hulun", and "Hulun" is also known as "Hulun", which is the Hulan River and Tangwang river basins). Among them, the Ula tribe and

The Hada tribe has its common ancestor in the Tashan Left Guard, the Yehe tribe originates from the Tarum Guard, and the Huifa tribe comes from the Foti Guard. The word "Ula" originates from the Turkic language (meaning "servant" in Mongolian and Tibetan languages, and in Manchu

(meaning "river"), with the surname Nala, began in 1407 and lived on the bank of the Wula River in the upper reaches of the Songhua River, also known as "Dala". During the Chenghua, Hongzhi and Zhengde years of the Ming Dynasty, he migrated south several times, and his descendants

During the Durji period, the Ula Tribe was formed. Durji's grandson Buyan led the tribe to build a castle and form an army, which gradually became stronger and stronger. After that, he unified the small tribes in the Ula, built a capital, and proclaimed himself king. After Buyan's death, other tribes became stronger and stronger.

Sun Mantai succeeded Baylor. Mantai built the capital of Ula on the east bank of the Wula River (the upper reaches of the Songhua River, today's Wula Street). The city has a circumference of fifteen miles, with gates on all sides; an inner city is built, with a circumference of two miles, east and west.

There are city gates on both sides; there is also an earthen platform in the inner city (now the Ula Dianjiang Platform), which is about six meters high and 100 meters square. Among the four Hulun tribes, the Ula tribe has the widest territory, the largest royal city, the most subjects, and the most soldiers.

Horses are the most numerous. It borders Korea to the east, Hada to the south, Yehe to the west, and the mouth of Mudanjiang River to the north.

"Huifa" is also called "Huigaba" and "Huifa", which means "wild tea juice". It is named because the water of Huifa River is green like wild tea juice. Huifa River is a tributary of the upper reaches of Songhua River, located in the southeast of Jilin Province

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Huhaiwei and Fotiwei were established. Later, the people of Fotiwei moved south. During the Jiajing period, Xingguli, the leader of Fotiwei, rose up and passed down to Wang Jinu through seven generations. He lived in Huifa River and became increasingly powerful.

The Sheng Huifa tribe is located between Hada, Yehe, Wula and Jianzhou, and is the weakest among the four Hulun tribes.

"Ye He" is also known as "Ye He", "Ye He" and "Ye Hei", or translated as "Ma Lian", which means "helmet top", that is, "the tassel top armor given by the emperor to ministers with meritorious services."

"Kutong". ("Lishu County Place Names") Some people think that "Ye He" is the transliteration of "Duck Boy" in ancient Chinese, which means "water duck". However, some scholars believe that it should be inhabited by this tribe.

It was named after the Yehe River (now north of Kaiyuan, Liaoning). Yehe's ancestors were the Tumote clan, originally a Mongolian ethnic group. After the Hulun Nala tribe was destroyed, the surname was changed to Nala ("Nala" means "Nala").

"Sun"). The later Empress Dowager Cixi had this surname and was called Yehenala, which originated from this. Therefore, the Yehe tribe is actually a mixture of Mongolian and Jurchen tribes. To the north of the Yehe tribe is Ula

The two departments are closely related. During the Yongle period, the Ming Dynasty established the Tarum Guards in the land of Jurchens in Haixi. During the Chenghua period, the Tarum Guards were established in the land of Jurchens in the west of Haixi. During the Chenghua period, the Tarum Guards commanded Qilihani.

"The human invaders were killed", his son Zhu Kongge inherited the position, inherited the title of Fu, and gradually prospered.

The Hada tribe is the tribe where Wangtai is located. "Hada" means "peak" or "rock cliff". Hada got its name from the fact that it lived in a mountain city, so it is also called "mountain country" or "shanyi". At first, it lived in the western region of Songhua River and Hainan.

During the Chenghua, Hongzhi, and Zhengde years, they moved southward one after another. The tribes that moved south were bounded by Huifa in the east, Kaiyuan in the west, Jianzhou in the south, and Yehe in the north. The ancestor of the Hada tribe was Naqibulu.

The son's name is Shangyanduoer and Qi. The son of Shangyanduoer and Qi is Gyamaka Shuozhugu, and his grandson is named Suitun; Suitun's son is named Dulexi, and they have two sons, the eldest son Keshna, and the second son Gu.

Dui Zhuyan. Buyan, the grandson of Dui Zhuyan, established the Ula tribe in ancient times. From this, we can also know that the Hada tribe and the Ula tribe are related.

The leaders of the four tribes of Hulun all accepted the title of the Ming Dynasty. They maintained very close ties with the Ming Dynasty in all aspects of politics, economy and culture. Moreover, these four tribes were deeply influenced by the culture of the Central Plains, so these four tribes developed the most.

Quickly. Wangtai's grandfather was called Keshner, who was the left governor of the Tashan Vanguard. He was already the most powerful among the Haixi Jurchens. He was very loyal to the Ming Dynasty and often paid tribute. The Tashan Vanguard was the drinking horse in the Songhua River Basin.

The area around the river was also the only way for other ethnic minorities to pay tribute. The bandits outside Kaiyuan City often plundered the tribute envoys passing by. Kershner got rid of these bandits. Because of their merits, the Ming Dynasty

He was rewarded and became the governor of the left. With the support and trust of the court and control of the tribute road, the Tashan vanguard developed rapidly. But in the thirteenth year of Jiajing, that is, 1534 AD, something happened within the tribe.

During the rebellion, Kershner was killed by his tribe. His son Wang Zhong, Wangtai's uncle, fled to Suiha City. This place has convenient transportation and often paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty. Because of its distance to the south, it was also called Nan

The capital of the Guan Hada tribe was Shangyang Fort. Wang Zhong took advantage of Hada's unique geographical location to control the trade and tribute roads, and his power rapidly increased.

In 1539, Wang Zhong and Zhu Kongge of the Ye He tribe had an "Edict War". Since the Yongle period, various tribes in Haixi have issued a total of 999 imperial edicts from the Ming Dynasty, which were distributed according to the strength of the tribe and were often changed. At that time

The Hada tribe gave the most, while the Yehe tribe had less. The ancestor of the Yehe tribe passed down to Zhu Kongge for four generations. He robbed 700 imperial edicts from other tribes, and was caught and killed by Wang Zhong, who took away his edict and village.

Zhu Kongge was killed, and the imperial edict was snatched away by Wang Zhong's Hada tribe. Later, Wang Zhong asked people from his tribe to pay tribute under false names, but the Ming Dynasty found out and punished him not to pay tribute and accept it. In 1542, Wang Zhong was once again punished for his meritorious service in passing on information.

He received a reward from the Ming Dynasty and was promoted. In 1550, Wang Zhong brought 28 people to the court to pay tribute and was promoted to an official position. The development momentum of the Hada tribe became even more intense. The next year, internal strife broke out in the Hada tribe.

, Wang Zhong was killed, and his son avenged his enemy by killing his enemy, and then took Wangtai back from Suiha City. Wangtai has been in charge of Hada since then. The name Wangtai is the title recorded in the historical records of the Ming Dynasty. In fact, he

His surname was Nala. Wang Tai was good at using troops, so he adopted the strategy of far-reaching and close-attacking. He first conquered some nearby small tribes, and then recruited some distant tribes. As his power became more and more powerful, he called himself Khan and established the Hada Kingdom.

At this time, Nurhaci's great-grandfather Fuman's six sons were known as the "Ningguta Liubeile", but their power was still very weak at this time, and they were often robbed by the Jianzhou Dong'e tribe. Fuman was the third

After Zisuo Chang'a's son Wu Tai married Wangtai's daughter, Suo Chang'a borrowed troops from Wangtai to conquer the Dong'e tribe, thus reversing the situation of being bullied.

Wangtai's residence is outside Guangshun Pass, close to the south of Kaiyuan. During the Ming Dynasty, Kaiyuan controlled the Liaodong area. Kaiyuan was bounded by Jianzhou to the east and Mongolia to the west. It often invaded the Liaodong frontier fortress. Wangtai was respectful to the court.

, built tributes to secure the border, and the tribe was located between Jianzhou and Mongolia, so it was able to restrain the tribes so that they could not invade the border.

In May of the 37th year of Jiajing (1557), the Jurchen leader Taizhou raided Mingbian Chaihe Fort. After Wangtai learned about it, he led his troops to capture Taizhou and handed over the people, animals and property they plundered to the Ming court. The court rewarded him heavily.

Wangtai and his men were killed. In March of the 41st year of Jiajing, the barbarians from Kaiyuan border invaded the border. They were quelled by Wangtai's army and captured alive. Emperor Jiajing was very happy and sent people to reward them.

Wangtai. In 1573, on his way to pay tribute, Wangtai was robbed of his tribute by the Mongols. Not long after, the Mongolian Tumote's brother and nephew wanted to marry Wangtai respectively, and Wangtai had no choice but to agree. Huang Taiji and Wangtai killed their horses.

They swore an alliance and agreed not to invade each other. However, not long after, Huang Taiji united with Wangtai to invade the Ming Dynasty, but Wangtai did not agree. When Wang Gao wanted to go against the Ming Dynasty, he also borrowed troops from Wangtai, and was also defeated by Wangtai.

Tai refused. In the subsequent confrontations between Wang Gao and the imperial court, Wang Tai performed many meritorious services, so he was repeatedly granted titles by the imperial court. He also gained the right to command the barbarians outside the Great Wall. Among the Jurchen tribes, Wang Tai was the first to be awarded the title of General Dragon and Tiger.

The Ming Dynasty intended to support Wangtai, allow him to win over people, let him form his own tribe, restore his ancestral homeland, and also serve as a barrier to China.

Wangtai's Hada tribe, Huifa tribe, Yehe tribe, and Jianzhou Jurchen were all neighbors. Nanguan was close to the Liaodong area of ​​​​the Ming Dynasty. It was deeply influenced by Han culture and had a relatively developed economy. In the 19th year of Jiajing, the Ming Dynasty

Officials inspected the Northeast region and saw that the Jurchens in the Northeast had already established officials and guards, similar to those in the Central Plains. Under the leadership of Wang Tai, the Hada tribe entered its heyday, with thousands of miles of fertile land, tens of thousands of tribesmen, and strong soldiers and horses. Others

All tribes obeyed the rule of Wangtai, and jointly elected Wangtai as the leader and were under his jurisdiction. According to historical records, Hadawan Khan was the most powerful and loyal to the Ming Dynasty. He was the leader of the four Jurchen tribes. It can be said that Wangtai was the most powerful.

The general leader of most of the Jurchen tribes. He was also the first great khan of the same age as most of the Jurchen tribes after the fall of the Jin Kingdom. He had the power of military, political and legal affairs. During the more than 30 years of Wangtai's rule, some of the Jurchen tribes in Liaodong region were engaged in farming and some

hunting, a peaceful scene. Moreover, Wangtai controlled the trade channels. After he became the king of the Jurchens, he acted as a middleman and monopolized the entire horse trade in Liaodong. Wangtai and his tribe acted as middlemen between the Khans and the Jurchens.

, as the saying goes, middlemen earn the price difference, this is an industry that seeks huge profits. The Hada tribe quickly accumulated huge wealth, and became a powerful force among the Jurchen tribes.

Not only that, Wang Tai also controlled the imperial edicts. When he was at his most powerful, the territory under his jurisdiction was more than thousands of miles. At that time, the Ming Dynasty issued 1,000 edicts to the Haixi Jurchens and 500 to the Jianzhou Jurchens.

As mentioned many times before, controlling the imperial book means having the certificate to obtain wealth. In order to compete for the imperial book, various Jurchen tribes launched a annexation war, breaking the previous situation of non-controlling among the Jurchen tribes. This matter is not the Ming Dynasty.

The original intention of the ruler. Therefore, the Ming government later intentionally intervened. During the Wanli period, the Ming Dynasty redistributed the edicts of the Jurchen tribe. Wangtai was allocated 700 edicts, and his edicts still had the most. But Wangtai was allocated 700 edicts.

In his later years, he violated his original intention and began to bully his neighbors and treat his subordinates tyrannically, so the Haixi Jurchens soon went downhill. As the saying goes, what works first leads to evil, Wang Tai himself became greedy, and the officials below him also began to

They are greedy and often accept bribes.

Among the Jurchen tribe at that time, as long as there was a lawsuit, Wangtai had to have the final say. This led to a lot of bribery, and the most important thing was that the judgment results often turned right and wrong. Wangtai sent people to go down as long as he liked it.

If he wants something, he will try every means to get it. The officials under him will beautify or vilify a person at will in front of the king, which leads to chaos in the rule. The king allows his subordinates to do whatever they want, and the old Wangtai has become dim. The Hada tribe is in a mess,

Complaints abounded, and the Haixi Jurchens split.

Later, the Yehe tribe became stronger. Zhu Kongge's descendants have never forgotten the hatred they had with the Hada tribe. Zhu Kongge gave birth to two sons: the eldest son Taichu, and the second son Taitanzhu. At that time, Taichu wanted to avenge his father, and died in Jiajing on the 37th

In 1558, he raised troops to compete with Hada, but was defeated and killed by Wangtai in the battle of Chaihebao. Yehe tribe fell to its lowest point.

Taichu had six sons, but most of them were drunkards and made no achievements. However, the three sons born to Taichu stood out. Two of them were the aforementioned Tingjianu and Yangjanu (or translated as "Qingjianu").

"Yang Jinu", people in the Ming Dynasty also called him "Yehe Ernu"). The two established Yehe East City (now Longshou Mountain, Liaoyuan City, Liaoning Province) and Xicheng (now Yehe Town, Lishu County, Jilin Province).

), Takanu is Baylor of the east city, and Yangjanu is Baylor of the west city.

It was also under the leadership of the "Second Slaves" that the Yehe Tribe began to grow stronger. At first, seeing that the Hada Tribe's King's Stand was strong, Zheng Jianu asked his sister to marry the King's Stand, and at the same time asked his younger brother Yang Jiannu to marry the King's Stand.

Wang Tai's daughter proposed marriage, which temporarily ended the conflict between the Ye He tribe and the Hada tribe for several generations. At the same time, the "second slaves" also used the Hada tribe to quickly wipe out the influence of the original leader Taichu Liuzi, and gradually controlled Ye He.

Faced with the powerful Ye He, the once arrogant Wangtai wooed Ye He and agreed to betroth his daughter to Yang Jianu. Yang Jianu ostensibly agreed to the marriage, but before welcoming Wangtai's daughter, he married another man.

He met the daughter of Trance Tai in Hatun, Mongolia, which made Wangtai extremely embarrassed.

Seeing the decline of Wangtai in his later years, the "Second Slaves" instigated the Jurchens of the Ula tribe to enmity with Hu'erhan, and used heavy sums of money to bribe Hada tribe generals Bai Huchi, Hu'erqian and others. Not only did they take away two hundred edicts, but also helped

Ye He recaptured Ji Le and other eight villages that had been occupied for many years, leaving only five villages such as Bao Jiba Tai. At this time, the Jurchen tribe once again fell into a leaderless situation. In 1582 AD, Wang Tai saw the Hada that he had worked so hard to manage.

The tribe was about to fall apart. Wangtai died in sorrow and anger. It turned out that some tribes of Chen Fuyu's Hada tribe also broke away. After learning that Wangtai had passed away, the second slave immediately sent someone to ask for the edict that had been taken away by Wangtai.

Wangtai's son Huerhan rejected Ye He's request and informed the Ming Dynasty of the death of his father. Because Wangtai was very loyal during his lifetime, the Ming Dynasty rewarded him in various ways.

Soon, internal strife broke out in the Hada tribe. Wangtai's two sons competed for their father's inheritance and fought fiercely. Wangtai's illegitimate son Kanggulu fled to the Yehe tribe because he was not strong enough. Kanggulu had no choice but to flee to the Yehe tribe.

In order to alienate the king's descendants, Zheng Jianu killed each other and married his daughter to Kanggulu. Hu'erhan temporarily took charge of the Hada tribe. This happened to be the early stage of Nurhaci's military rise.

In August of the tenth year of Wanli, Huerhan led the Hada tribe to plunder Nurhachi's Huji Village. Nurhaci general Anfei Yangu and Basun pursued Huerhan, killed forty Hada soldiers, and took back the robbed property. Soon Huerhan

Erhan died, and Menggebulu, who was only 19 years old, took up the post of General Longhu and Governor of the Left. Huerhan's son Zhi Shang succeeded him as Hadabel. However, because Zhi Shang was young and "weak and suspicious because of his popularity"

", he could not be controlled well, and his left and right were too clumsy." His rule was very unstable. When Kanggulu learned that Huerhan was dead, he returned to the Hada tribe and occupied his stepmother, Sister Wen. Since Sister Wen was Menggebulu's biological mother,

The business of the Hada tribe was divided between the three families of Menggebulu, evil merchants and Kanggulu. Because Kanggulu hated Huerhan, he tried to unite the Yehe tribe to deal with the evil merchants, while Menggebulu was the son of the "second slave".

The nephew followed the advice of his mother, Sister Wen, and also helped Kanggulu. In this way, two groups were formed within Hada, one was the weak evil business group, and the other was the powerful Kanggulu and Menggebulu.

The group was backed by the powerful Ye He. In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), the "Second Slaves" led the Hada rebel general Bai Huchi, plus other tribes, with a total of more than 10,000 troops, to attack Menggebulu

, plundered a lot of property, and then entangled two tribes and burned Menggebulu's fields and crops. Facing the attack of the powerful Yehe tribe, the Hada tribe was unable to fight and had to ask for help from the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty government

He came forward to try to protect the Nanguan area and continued to use Hada to rule the barbarians.

On the one hand, the Ming Dynasty rewarded the Yehe tribe, and on the other hand, they asked them to make peace with their troops, but the two slaves refused, claiming that they would not give up until Hada was annexed. So they sent troops to attack Menggebulu and burned down their manor.

He captured more than 300 people and threatened them to hand over the imperial edict. Seeing that the two slaves of the Yehe tribe were so unruly and the Hada tribe had to constantly request, Li Chengliang decided to send troops to kill the two slaves. In 1584 AD, Li Chengliang summoned the two slaves
To be continued...