Section 9 Li Chengliang Town Liaodong

Seals from Cangshui came to the capital, and they were deeply hated by Yao and Shun. When Yuan Youzheng was able to make peace, the Jurchens sailed to beg for teachers. If the Yan conquered the Yan Yi and attacked the barbarians, how could our country survive? The island barbarians opened Yelvbei, and the city gate

A fire broke out and destroyed the fish pond. Although Dukang was empty and had no money, his husband's tax fell to the southeast.

Wang Gao thought he was powerful enough, so he wanted to have a fight with the Ming Dynasty. In 1557, Wang Gao led his men to attack Fushun Pass, killed the Fushun generals, and invaded the border areas of the Ming Dynasty. In 1562 AD, Wang Gao again

He set up an ambush and captured the deputy general of Liaoyang of the Ming Dynasty alive, and also dismembered him. From then on, Wang Gao became more unscrupulous. He led troops to plunder many areas and killed many Ming Dynasty generals. Later, Wang Gao continued to invade the border many times. 1565

From 1570 to 1570, in the past few years, Wang Gao led people to contribute some fortresses. Wang Gao had already shown arrogance and domineering many times before. According to historical records, when Fushun opened the market, Ming Dynasty officials inspected the Jurchens' tribute

Although most of these horses were very weak, the Ming government decided to give them to the Jurchens at the normal price of the horses for the sake of national unity. Wang Gao was very arrogant and rude. He came to Fuyi Hall, took away other people's wine and drank it.

He started drinking, and after getting drunk, he fell asleep with his arms and legs spread out. Even so, no one present at the time dared to scold him. Historical records record that when the horse inspector of the Ming Dynasty inspected the horses, Wang Gao was very angry and simply took the people away.

The Ming Dynasty dismissed this Ming Dynasty official for Wang Gao. From then on, Wang Gao became even more reckless.

In 1572, the new Fushun Beiyu planned to change some existing problems in the horse market trade, so he sent people to inform all the Jurchen tribe chiefs that they would strictly inspect horses in the market in the future. Wang Gao left with all the Jurchen leaders on the spot, but just now

After leaving the fortress, Wang Gao told the other Jurchen leaders that no one was allowed to leave. They entered the fortress together again and threatened that the Ming Dynasty would replace Fushun Beiyu. Wang Gao gathered troops to kill and plunder our descendants of China. The Ming government decided

Adopting the strategy of appeasement first and then suppression, Fushun Beiyu was arrested first, and then Wangtai came forward and invited Wang Gao to come to Fushun Pass, and made an agreement with the Ming Dynasty generals: from the Hun River to Magendan Fort, everything belongs to Wang Gao

From then on, the two parties agreed that Wang Gao could not harass the Ming Dynasty's borders, and could not accept people from the Ming Dynasty who had taken refuge in the past. The Ming Dynasty would not accept the Jurchens privately. After the agreement was completed, they continued to open trade in Fushun. It can be seen that Wang Gao had

A bit like the arrogant look of the Wanyan Jurchen when she rose to prominence.

After this oath of alliance, peace remained for two years outside the Fushun Pass. In 1574, Wang Gao began to harass the border areas again. This incident was caused by Ming Dynasty officials checking Wang Gao's imperial edict. Wang Gao originally only had eighteen edicts, but now

But there are thirty Tao, there are naturally problems with this. Most of them were obtained by plundering other tribes, so they naturally cannot withstand inspection. More than thirty people under Wang Gao are not willing to stay in Jianzhou. They want to

He sojourned in the Han area and was accepted by officials in the border areas of the Ming Dynasty. However, Wang Gao did not agree with this matter and asked Wang Gao for help many times. He sent people to harass the border and plundered the population many times. In July of this year, Wang Gao's general

He proposed to the border officials of the Ming Dynasty to return the population of his headquarters, but the border officials of the Ming Dynasty sternly refused, and a conflict broke out between the two sides. The Ming Dynasty army chased Wang Gao's troops to Dazhai. After Wang Gao himself heard about it, he quickly returned and surrounded the Ming troops.

After the Fushun army heard about it, they sent another army to rescue. Both groups of Ming troops were surrounded by Jurchens. The Ming troops rushed to kill them bravely, but the Jurchens had the upper hand, and most of the Ming troops died.

In this battle, Wang Gao brutally killed the captured Ming Dynasty general.

Wang Gao's brutal behavior caused panic among the soldiers and civilians of Liaodong. At that time, everyone in the vast area from Kaiyuan to Liaoyang, from generals to common people, was in danger. The Ming Dynasty also dispatched troops, intending to intercept and kill Wang Gao's army sent to rob. The Ming Dynasty

The imperial court also asked Wangtai to search for Wang Gao, and at the same time closed the Liaodong market and canceled Wang Gao's qualification to enter the market. Seeing this situation, Wang Gao assembled more than 3,000 cavalry. This time, he was ambushed by the Ming army. Wang Gao

The army was defeated and fled to the northwest of Xinbin, Liaoning. In order to completely eliminate Wang Gao, in 1574 AD, the governor of Liaodong, in collaboration with Li Chengliang, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, led the army and vowed to attack Wang Gao. This time the Ming army brought advanced new weapons.

Including a large number of firearms, they went straight to Gule. The two sides met and fought fiercely for a long time. Wang Gao's army could not resist the fierce attack of the Ming army, so he entered the stronghold and could not get out. Gule City is very strong, and with the mountainous dangers, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Li Chengliang

Ordering the Ming army to use firearms engineering, the back of Gule City instantly burst into flames. The battle was fierce, with heavy casualties on both sides. Soon, the outer city of Gule was no longer safe, and Wang Gaoxia ordered everyone to retreat into the inner city. Li Chengliang exited

Wang Gao issued a death order and asked Ming Jun to climb up the city and set fire to the wind, burning a large number of Jurchen houses and food and grass. After the battle, more than a dozen of Wang Gao's important generals were killed, and the Ming army achieved an absolute victory.

After killing more than 1,000 enemy troops and capturing more than 500 cattle and horses, Wang Gao took advantage of the chaos and escaped.

The next year, Wang Gao was unwilling to give up, so he led his army to come back. This time, the Ming army was well prepared and quickly defeated his army. Wang Gao fled all the way, and the Ming army followed closely in pursuit. Wang Gao was in a hurry.

, changed the clothes he was wearing and those of the people around him, and then managed to escape. After escaping, he originally thought that the leader of the Mongolian Taining Guards would quickly take refuge in the Hai Tu barbarians, but because the middle road was very difficult to walk, he thought about it.

, he felt that his relationship with Wangtai was relatively good in this life, so he went to Wangtai. At this time, Wangtai served as the governor of the Haixi Jurchens. He was stationed in the north of Kaiyuan. The tribe was prosperous and powerful, and his men had grown to 10,000.

Many people. Because he was loyal to the court, he was very popular. Wangtai took Wang Gao in, and soon the Ming court learned about it. It was difficult for Wangtai to go against the will of the Ming Dynasty. On the other hand, he originally treated Wang Gao

I felt a little resentful. If he hadn't bullied the weak, ignored restraints, and repeatedly violated the Ming Dynasty's borders, how could he have caused such a big disaster. After weighing the pros and cons, Wang Tai decided to hand it over. Because of this contribution, Wang Tai was

The imperial court was promoted to Youzhu Kingdom, General Longhu. Wang Gao was escorted to Beijing by the Ming army. Emperor Wanli personally went to the Cloud Tower of the Morning Gate and gathered hundreds of officials to watch Wang Gao's execution in person. Wang Gao's head was hung in the tribute of the ethnic minorities.

Use concentrated areas to serve as a warning to others.

After Wang Gao was executed, because Tucker was more loyal to the Ming Dynasty and had served as Mingjun's guide during the attack on Wang Gao, Li Chengliang allocated Wang Gao's original territory to him. The Ming Dynasty also because of Tucker

It was because of his meritorious service in the crusade against Wang Gao that he was awarded the official position of commander of the left guard of Jianzhou. Wang Gao's two sons never forgot to avenge their father. They renovated Gule City in a few years and built two other cities.

The two of them actively prepared for war, recruited troops and quickly grew in strength, and they often harassed the border areas of the Ming Dynasty. In 1583 AD, which was the 11th year of Wanli, Atai united with the Mongolian tribes and planned to plunder Guangning, Kaiyuan and the Liaohe River area. The Ming Dynasty

Officials in the Northeast were worried that the Jurchens and the Mongols would join forces on the east and west sides, which would be very detrimental to the Ming Dynasty's situation in the Northeast. Atai's move aroused the concerns of Li Chengliang and others. They have already arrived. If not

If they were wiped out in time, the Liaodong area would be in great danger sooner or later. So they decided to completely wipe out the Atai brothers' power and achieve the effect once and for all. In February of this year, the Lord of Tulun, Jianzhou reported to the Ming army about Atai's influence.

He also guided the Ming army to attack the place where Atai was stationed.

The lord of Tulun City in Jianzhou was named Nikan Wailan. She was also a Jurchen and was born in the Yehe tribe. His father was a small slave owner. He admired Han culture very much, so he married his son to such a half-Jurchen.

The Chinese name Nikan Wailan. Nikan means Han in Jurchen language. Some historians believe that this is not a personal name, but may be an official title. His real name may be Tong Jia. Bukulu,

His name, translated into Chinese, means orchid outside the Han people, which means the best among the Jurchens. As the saying goes, like father, like son, Nikan Wailan wanted to be an official in the Ming Dynasty since he was a child.

Or he could be a Jurchen leader. Because the area he lived in was on the border of the Ming Dynasty, he had more opportunities to come into contact with the Han people. He learned Chinese since he was a child and read many classic books. When he grew up, he often followed his father to Fushun Horse Racing

They sold horses and accumulated wealth in the city. Later, for the convenience of doing business, their family moved to Tulun City in Sukeshu, which is relatively close to Fushun. Through bribery, Nikan Wailan obtained the support and help of the border generals of the Ming Dynasty.

When he was in his 20s, he became the Lord of Tulun City because he was shrewd and capable and was good at winning people's hearts. Li Chengliang and other Ming Dynasty officials and generals regarded him as an spy to insert themselves into Jianzhou. In 1583 AD,

Atai attacked the Haixi Jurchen Hada tribe. Li Chengliang led the army and met Atai's army. The Ming army killed more than 1,000 rebels. After that, the Atai brothers led the army deep into the Hun River in the south of Shenyang City, and Li Chengliang led the troops to rush there quickly.

After receiving reinforcements from Nanshilihe in Shenyang City, Atai moved to Fushun, where he plundered and ran away.

Nikan Wailan served as Li Chengliang's guide, and the Ming army went straight to Gule City. Gule City was not only easy to defend but difficult to attack, but also heavily guarded. Li Chengliang's troops were divided into two groups, and soon the Ming army captured Shaji City and killed

Atai's younger brother Ahai died. Then the two Ming armies joined together and launched an attack on Gule City. After a lot of effort, the Ming army made huge sacrifices, but still failed to capture the city. According to Qing history books

According to records, when Jue Changan heard that Li Chengliang was talking about attacking Gule Village, he was very worried about the safety of his granddaughter (his granddaughter was Atai's wife), so he hurried to Gule Village with his son Takeshi. When the father and son arrived at the foot of Gule Mountain, they found out that

The army had launched an attack. Jue Changan entered the stronghold first, explained the whole story to Atai, and tried to take his granddaughter out, but was met with firm opposition by Atai. Upon seeing this, Jue Changan persuaded Atai to surrender, but he was also refused.

Tucker Shi, who had been waiting outside the stronghold for a long time, saw that his father had not come out, so he also rushed to the stronghold. At this time, Li Chengliang's army had already invaded the stronghold. Because the Ming army had been unable to attack for a long time and suffered huge casualties,

Li Chengliang took this incident to Nikan Wailan. Nikan Wailan was very frightened and ran to the stronghold in person to persuade him to surrender. He shouted outside the stronghold, since the Chinese army has arrived, do you think you can still escape?

.You might as well kill Atai and submit to the imperial court. General Li has ordered that whoever can kill Atai will be made the city lord. The people in the village were so popular that everyone believed it, so they killed Atai together. The soldiers in the village

The gate of the village was opened to welcome the Ming army into the city. However, after Li Chengliang led all the troops to defeat, he actually killed more than 2,200 men, women, and children in the village. He also looted all the property in the city, and he did not have time to leave.

Chang'an was burned to death, and Takshi was accidentally killed by the Ming army. This was one of the seven hatreds announced by Nurhaci later. This record is the version recorded in Qing History.

Regarding the deaths of Jue Chang'an and his son, the records in Ming Dynasty history books are different from the official records of the Qing Dynasty, especially in some important plots. One version is that Li Chengliang sent troops to conquer Atai, and Jue Chang'an

The father and son followed the expedition and served as guides, but later died in the war. The second version is that Atai sent Jue Changan to submit, and then invaded the Ming Dynasty together, but Jue Changan refused.

Taiwan detained him. When Li Chengliang led his army to attack, Takshi hurried in to rescue his father because his father was still in the stronghold. In the chaos, Jue Changan was burned to death, and Takshi was killed.

The Ming army accidentally killed him. There is another record that Li Chengliang set fire to attack the city. The fire burned for two days and two nights, and later killed Atai. Here, the author will not speculate or publicly state which view he supports.

I just lay out all the relevant records for readers to see. Different people will have different interpretations of history. Readers, you can consider for yourself which record is more reliable. In short, no matter what, Jue Changan and his son

He did die in this war. Moreover, Jue Changan's father was loyal to the Ming Dynasty. Li Chengliang found them. He originally wanted to use their relationship with Atai to persuade him to surrender, but he did not expect that this would happen.

situation. After the victory of this war, Li Chengliang sent people to search for the bodies of Jue Changan and his son. In the end, only the body of Takshi was found and handed over to Nurhaci for burial. In order to compensate, the Ming Dynasty government ordered the three bodies in Gule Village to be buried.

More than a dozen imperial edicts and 30 horses were given to Nurhaci, and he was asked to inherit the official position of commander of the capital. Nurhaci has since stepped onto the stage of history, but there is still a long way to go before he can become fully fledged. At present,

He also had to rely on the powers in various regions in the Northeast and be very deferential to others. But at that time, Nurhaci had already keenly realized that the control of the Ming Empire in the Northeast was not something that a simple Jurchen tribe leader could shake.

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After Wang Gao's death, another important representative figure in the history of Jianzhou Jurchens appeared. This figure greatly shocked the Ming Dynasty in the mid-16th century. His name was Wang Wutang. She probably also belonged to Jianzhou Jurchens, but she was also influenced by Wang Tai

Temperance. In the past, Wang Gao repeatedly violated the borders of the Ming Dynasty. In order to punish him, the Ming Dynasty government ordered the Liaodong horse market to be cut off. As a result, other Jurchens were also affected. They lost their economic source of trade, so there was no way

In order to obtain the necessary supplies for daily life, the Jurchens fell into embarrassment. In the sixth year of Longqing, that is, 1572, the Ming Dynasty built a castle in what is now Benxi County, Liaoning Province. Six of Wang Gao's subordinates took the opportunity to kidnap the Ming Dynasty civilian husband.

After looting the items they were carrying, they happened to be met by Wang Tai and Wang Wutang. Together they rescued the three Han people who had been captured, released them, and handed over the six captured Jurchens to the court. Because of this sacrifice of prisoners

, Wang Wutang received a commendation from the court. Historical records record that Wang Wutang also obeyed the constraints of the Ming Dynasty and acted cautiously. In order to prevent the Jurchens from Jianzhou from invading the border again, the Ming Dynasty government built several more fortresses in the Liaodong region.

The most famous among them is the Six Forts. The Six Forts were built in the first to third years of Wanli (1573-1575). The original Gushan Fort was moved to Zhangqiha Citen, and the Xianshan Fort was moved to Kuandian and Xin'an along the river.

The four forts were moved to Changdian, Changling and other places. The six Kuandian forts are Kuan Dien Fort, Chang Dien Fort, Yong Dien Fort, Damien Fort, Xin Dien Fort and Gushan Fort, which are nearly 800 miles long from north to south.

It is about two hundred miles wide from east to west, so it was called "Eight Hundred Miles of Xinjiang" by Xiong Tingbi, who was in charge of Liaodong. Each fort manages a section of the Liaodong Great Wall, thus guarding the exits for Jurchen expansion.

Before moving to Kuandian Liubao, Li Chengliang had already discovered that Kuandian was a strategic location and a battleground among these ethnic minorities. Moreover, this was where Jurchen tribes in Jianzhou went in and out, and where they hunted.

Because the Ming Dynasty government did not control this area well at that time, the defenders in the Liaodong region of the Ming Dynasty did not dare to go outside the fortress during the day and did not dare to go out at night. Previously, Wang Gao plundered the northern region, and Wang Wutang and other tribes plundered the eastern region. These were all given to the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty caused huge pressure, so the construction of six forts was urgent. During the construction process, these six forts went deep into the hinterland of ethnic minorities and were far away from the border line controlled by the Ming army, so the construction process was full of difficulties. During this process,

People often requested to stop the project. Li Chengliang and others insisted on completing the project. Li Chengliang personally led the troops to supervise the work on site, and it was finally completed in the fourth year of Wanli. The project cost 8,766 taels of silver and 21,600 shi of grain. The newly built fortress,

North Korea can be controlled to the east, ethnic minorities can be controlled to the west, and the powerful Huru can be defended to the north. This is the outpost for defense against the Jurchens. After the fortress was built, Li Chengliang ordered a market to be opened here to do business with the Jurchens and other ethnic minorities.

.This measure eased the conflicts between the Ming Dynasty and the ethnic minorities, and at the same time increased the economic income of the Ming Dynasty, bringing great benefits to the soldiers guarding the border.

During the construction of the Liubao city wall, seven to eight hundred miles of Jurchen territory was invaded. Wang Wutang was very unwilling. He brought dozens of Jurchen chiefs with him in front of the officials in charge of the construction project, and cried out to the Jurchens about this matter.

He also expressed his willingness to send his son to the court as a hostage, and promised that the Jurchens would not be allowed to harass the border areas, and requested to open a market in Kuandian. This suggestion was allowed, and the Ligustrum people passed

The trade here provided daily necessities. The Liaodong area was basically under the control of Wangtai. The territory from the south of Qinghe to the Yalu River belonged to Jianzhou and was under the jurisdiction of Wangwutang. After the market was reopened in Liaodong, although the Jurchens' simple food and drink problems were solved

Problem, but the Ligustrum people lost a large area of ​​land opened by their ancestors for living and grazing. But at that time, Wang Wutang and others no longer wanted to go against the Ming Dynasty, so they continued to obey the imperial control. During this period, there was a brief peaceful situation in the Liaodong region.

However, even during this period, the conflicts continued to intensify. Finally, in July 1579 AD, the conflicts broke out through a fuse. In Kuan Diemma City, officials from the border areas of the Ming Dynasty bribed ginseng and forced the Jurchens to reduce their consumption of ginseng.

The Jurchens refused to accept the price, and these officials fought and seriously injured dozens of people. Wang Wutang still adopted a restrained attitude in handling this matter, so no conflict occurred at the time. Although the Ming government felt that this matter was serious,

He only punished the perpetrators, but did not comfort the Jurchens in time. He also issued an edict asking him to strictly restrain the tribesmen and refrain from provoking quarrels and causing trouble. It even appeared in the edict that if you disobey the imperial court, it will send a large army to attack your nest.
To be continued...