Denglai Institute of Technology.

Zhao Yan wrote a physics and a chemistry textbook, which directly handled the junior and senior high school textbooks of later generations and sent them to members of these science and technology institutes for study.

Many of them are unproven theories, and some members have also raised doubts about the theories proposed by Zhao Yan, but Zhao Yan had previously confirmed the existence of atmospheric pressure, so that they could not come up with reasons for questioning. Faced with such rich theories, they were all busy studying them.

Textbooks in physics and chemistry can undoubtedly install an accelerator for scientific and technological research. After all, the theories in the book have been developed after hundreds of years.

With these theories, there is no need to take detours.

However, Zhao Yan is not an expert in physics and chemistry, so he can only give a theory, and he doesn't understand theories that are too advanced and profound. He still needs specialized research on practical applications.

"It has been confirmed that atmospheric pressure is real. Since the theory has been studied, this theory must be used in actual production. Yesterday I designed a water pump that can be used to extract water accumulation in mines. I call it "Friends of Miners". Let's take a look at the drawings!" Zhao Yan sent the drawings of "Friends of Miners".

This is a device that uses atmospheric pressure to pump water, called a steam vacuum pump. It appeared in 1696. It first fills the container with steam, then condenses the steam to form a vacuum in the container, and uses atmospheric pressure to press the accumulated water in the mine into the container, and then blows all the water in the container out of the well with high pressure steam. Because the container is cold and hot, the steam pressure is high, and the container often explodes, it is not promoted and used in the mine.

The members looked at the drawings and began to talk. At this time, Zhao Yan sent out a few drawings again and said, "And this is the drawing of the pressure cooker, and it is also a product designed using atmospheric pressure. However, if this thing is not good, it will explode. You must be very careful during the experiment."

"This is the drawing of the cylinder and piston device. The principle of the miner's friend, plus the cylinder and piston, is this - the steam engine, which is the drawing of several steam engines." Zhao Yan took out more than a dozen drawings, all of which were related to the steam engine. They were the things he had most contact with in the research institute before traveling through time, and could draw them almost with his eyes closed.

The research on steam engines was not as convenient as later generations in this era. They had to be carried out step by step, so Zhao Yan first asked them to build steam vacuum pumps, then build cylinders and pistons, and also drew two drawings of steam engines. "The drawings of these steam engines are different. The one with the first number is a simple steam engine. Everyone first made this simple steam engine and then improved it to advanced steam engines."

The steam engine drawing number 1 is a steam engine manufactured by Nükmen in 1712. It wastes a lot of power, but it is more simple.

Mainly because the cylinder and piston are constantly cold and hot, a large amount of heat is wasted. When steam enters the cylinder, sufficient heat must be spent to increase the temperature of the cylinder and piston from 20℃ to 100℃; in order to obtain a vacuum, cold water must be immediately injected into the cylinder to reduce it to 20℃, and the condensate takes away a lot of heat. In one stroke, the heat is wasted twice.

The steam engine numbered 2 is a WT improved steam engine, which has added a separation condenser, improved the heat waste defect of the Nookermen steam engine, and also a gear linkage device that transforms the linear movement of the piston back and forth into the rotational movement of the shaft. After adding the gear linkage device, the steam engine becomes a universal machine, no longer just for mining water pumping, but can be used to drive various machines, and can also be converted into a train.

In addition, the single cylinder was turned into a two-way cylinder. The principle was that a double-motion bellows were invented in the Northern Song Dynasty in China, which could double the efficiency. There is also a centrifugal regulator that could automatically control the steam output that the Nükmen steam engine did not have.

With these devices, the steam engine can become a universal steam engine.

"What are we going to do? Do we make them all?" Richardson asked, looking at the drawings, not knowing whether it is correct.

"That's right, I will set up five teams to develop steam engines, each of which will manufacture steam engines. The manufacturing funding can be unlimited. But you can't spend it randomly. The team that first creates steam engines will reward each person with 5,000 taels of silver. The rewards created within two years will be doubled. Each group has three people, and you can form them privately." Zhao Yan said generously, even if he uses millions of taels of silver to exchange for steam engines, he is willing.

However, it is obvious that it is impossible to spend millions of taels on building a steam engine. Even if it is five groups, spending 200,000 to 300,000 taels is probably the best. After all, all the drawings are drawn, so you can avoid many detours and you will definitely not spend much money on the raw materials.

Five thousand taels!

If you create it within two years, the reward can double it, which is 10,000 taels of silver! It immediately made those members a little excited. According to Zhao Yan's idea, it is almost impossible to build a steam engine within two years. Double the reward is purely a big cake and gives them more motivation.

The next day, the members of the Academy of Sciences quickly formed five groups and then began to start manufacturing in full swing. At the same time, Zhao Yan asked the craftsmen of the Military Equipment Bureau and the business bank to cooperate in the procurement of raw materials.

The first one they made was a steam vacuum pump. Only by confirming that the theory of the steam vacuum pump is feasible can they create a steam engine. This is also a process of verifying the theory.

In addition to the steam engine team, there are also the ‘Lathe Research Group’, the ‘Textile Machinery Research Group’, the ‘Crop Improvement Group’, the ‘Bright-fired Steelmaking Research Group’, the ‘Cement Formula Improvement Group’, and the ‘Concrete Research Group’.

The other groups are different from the steam engine research group. The steam engine research group has drawings drawn by Zhao Yan, the patent belongs to the Academy of Sciences and Technology, and the science and technology belongs to Zhao Yan.

If those groups without direct guidance study the invention on their own, they can own 50% of the patents, and the other 50% of the patents belong to the funded science and technology institute, and the science and technology institute has the right to authorize the use. In addition, if any members of the science and technology institute have any ideas, they can write a plan to report it, and after review by Zhao Yan, they will pay funds for research.

With Zhao Yan, a time traveler from later generations, these researchers can avoid making mistakes with common sense. Although Zhao Yan does not know the specificity of many things, he knows common sense. As long as he studies them in the direction he gives, it is absolutely correct.

Genius is 99% of efforts and 1% inspiration, and Zhao Yan provides that 1% inspiration.

Of course, the most important thing is to expand the staff size of the Institute of Science and Technology. In addition to those research groups, the training of physics and chemistry teachers is also very important. For this reason, Zhao Yan teaches members of the Institute of Science and Technology every day, teaches them the knowledge in textbooks, and then draws out some of them as teachers.

Some of these teachers went to the school to teach children, some taught those adult literati, that is, those poor scholars who came to find everywhere. There were many poor scholars in the Ming Dynasty, and each imperial examination could create a large number of scholars.

It’s not a scholar, but a child can do it. As long as he can recognize words and has a certain cultural foundation, the younger the better. The business bank is recruiting literati everywhere. At present, the number of literati recruited has reached thousands. These literati are all assigned to work in positions after training. Some go to business bank, some work in the village, some are recruited to serve as political commissars, some are assigned to hospitals to study medicine, some are trained to become teachers, and some are promoted to work as artillery and staff.

Everything operates in the way Zhao Yan sets. Zhao Yan's task is to supervise these operating methods, and to carry out continuous improvements and determine the gear operation mode in the new area. This is the work that a superior should do, and it is not done by himself.

After handling the matter of the Institute of Science and Technology, Zhao Yan inspected the textile factory along the Shahe River.

Along the Shahe River, dense hydraulic textile machinery has been built. These hydraulic spinning machines and weaving machines are operating in two shifts for 20 to 40 hours. Textile workers work like machines in the rotation of spindles and the friction of machinery.

The workers in it are child laborers and women. Zhao Yan raised tens of thousands of children at his hands and was not able to educate them yet. Only a small number of children were educated, so most of them worked in textile factories.

The salary of these child laborers is very low, less than the salary of normal textile workers, and they work about ten hours a day. During the day, during the women do it, and in two shifts 24 hours a day.

The textile base in Shahe has a total of 200,000 spindles and more than 8,000 hydraulic textile machines. It is equivalent to the labor force of 520,000 women, but only 10,000 people are working, and the efficiency is 52 times higher.

The textile base in Songjiang Mansion has now started some machines, and it is expected to build 500,000 spindles and 20,000 water conservancy looms.

"It's still too low." Zhao Yan turned around and muttered in his heart. The man below Zhao Quan had calculated that according to the construction speed and the speed of mechanical operation, there were nearly 30% of the yarn at the autumn harvest.

The biggest conflict is the speed of weaving, and the speed of spinning is quite consistent.

Zhao Yan then came to the workshop where cotton was processed. The scene he saw almost collapsed. In the workshop, workers were peeling cotton seeds by hand.

"How much can I peel in a day?" Zhao Yan asked one of the women.

"Sir, a civilian woman can peel about two pounds a day! Others can only peel more than one pound a day." The woman said proudly. Zhao Yan couldn't help but sweat. Although he had made a mule machine and a hydro-loom machine, he forgot the cotton tie machine. He turned to Zhao Quan and asked, "How many workers are we peeling cotton now?"

"Maybe there are 200,000 to 300,000 people! Only 20,000 people peel cotton in the workshop. The others first divide the cotton into the homes of the households and then collect it." Zhao Quan felt that it was normal. In all parts of the Ming Dynasty, they used hand-peeled cotton and said strangely: "Is there anything wrong?"

"We also lack the cotton peeling machine." Zhao Yan said in annoyance.

I can only say that he lacks common sense in the textile industry. Although he has seen cotton, he always thought that it would be enough to just spin cotton into yarn and then weave it into cloth.

This is indeed the case in later generations. There are various machines for stripping cotton seeds, which do not require any brains, but this era is different.

The cotton tugging machine was invented by an American teacher in 1792. Before the invention, cotton seeds were undoubtedly a headache. Such a small thing had to be peeled out one by one by one, which was undoubtedly very depressing.

(To be continued)
Chapter completed!