The Spanish Navy had no decent naval battles with the American fleet from beginning to end, mainly because Spanish warships were deployed on the East Coast, while the main forces of the American fleet were deployed on the West Coast.

The real thing between both sides is actually a war on land, because both sides have the right to land, and both sides cannot go around to the opposite side in a short time to fight.

In this case, the competition between the two sides is mostly on land.

Faced with the California colony with large forces on land, the Spaniards had to end up compromisingly. At least after signing the Treaty of Central America, they could still preserve the gold-producing land in Peru and the sugar-producing land in Cuba.

As for resistance, the Spaniards had never thought much about it.

At this time, the Spanish Empire no longer had the domineering aura that looked down on the world at the time, and they were facing the Ming Empire in the Far East.

In the eyes of Europeans, it was an empire that was so huge that it was suffocating and that its national strength was so powerful that it was terrifying.

If it were before, such fear was only unnecessary, but Zhao Yan is gradually controlling this empire, showing his strong fangs.

If the Spaniards increase their troops to support Central America, Zhao Yan can also increase their troops to support Central America.

The Spanish lost in the Central American War and had to develop good relations with the California colonies with a smile. In the Americas, they could only buy Ming goods in the California colonies, and the amount of goods was getting bigger and bigger.

At this time, the California colonies had already negotiated peace with various countries and trade resumed. If Spain could buy more goods in trade, the greater their profits would be.

Moreover, in this war, the Spaniards were morally disadvantaged. The California colony started the war on the grounds that the Spaniards massacred 20,000 Chinese in the South China Sea, which morally surpassed the Spaniards.

The cedes of Central America were also part of the compensation, and the Spaniards paid the entire silver-producing land. First, at the time of peace talks, the California colonies had already occupied nearly half of the strongholds, and the remaining half of the strongholds could still resist. When they could not see the victory and the California colonies offered compensation of 20 million taels of silver, the Spaniards had to pay the entire Central America.

Central America is the fat meat that the California colony must swallow intact. After repeated debates on this compensation plan, the Spanish finally agreed.

Although it is necessary to swallow it, it will take some effort if it is a snatch. In addition, Central America's profits are amazing, just like snatching a chicken that lays only golden eggs.

The Central American War ended quickly in shock from European countries. European countries originally thought that the war would last for a long time. After all, the Spaniards had many strongholds in Central America, and it would probably take some time to deal with these strongholds.

The entire war was ended so briefly, and the Spanish Empire compromised so quickly, which also allowed European countries to see the strength of the Spanish Empire.

The Spanish Empire is already in its twilight years and is no longer as strong as it was before.

First Britain, then the Netherlands, and now the Ming Empire in the Far East. It may be luck for the British to win the war, and it may be luck for the Dutch to win the war, but the Ming Empire to win the war depends on strength.

The Spanish compromise was not unexpected. The Ming Empire in the Far East had already shown its terrifying national strength, but it was a little too fast.

Once the Spaniards lose the precious metals gains in Central America, Spain's national strength will be further hit.

The Spanish had a weak industrial foundation and relied on imports for many things, and imports required a lot of precious metals. It can be imagined that the Spanish were embarrassed after losing their precious metals.

However, European countries did not want to go to war with this twilight empire. They were different from the Ming Empire. The Ming Empire was thousands of miles away, and the two sides did not have much intersection, so they fought. The Spanish could not retaliate from other aspects.

However, European countries have to consider the impact on trade after the war. Both sides must make sufficient pre-war preparations before the war begins. Therefore, Europe will not frequently provoke the other side before it is ready to start the war.

...And in the local area, with the expansion of overseas, immigration is also continuing. In the first half of the twelve years, Shandong immigrated to overseas.

Among them, 300,000 immigrated to Southeast Asia, 100,000 immigrated to Hokkaido, 300,000 immigrated to California, 200,000 immigrated to Hawaiian Islands, 20,000 immigrated to Alaska, and 20,000 immigrated to Sakhalin Island.

Zhao Yan gradually established an overseas colonial system, and all Han people immigrated to the areas where foreign races were bound to be cleansed, especially in the Nanyang area.

The whole first half of the year was accompanied by huge turmoil, such Chinese people, armed by the government, encircled land in Southeast Asia and swept away the indigenous tribes everywhere.

The most turbulent areas in Luzon, Java, and Sanqifo are in the Malacca area, and the turbulence is slightly stable. Compared with the monkeys in the South China Sea, the Han people are very safe in demarcating areas. The situation in Australia is not bad. Although there is friction with foreign races, they do not take such iron-blooded measures.

Immigration on land is more frequent. In the first half of this year, nearly one million people immigrated to the Northeast, North Korea, Nurkandus, as well as the southern Moon, northern Moon, western Moon, Tufan, and Jiaozhi areas.

The Jiaozhi region is a very special area. Jiaozhi is Vietnam in later generations. This country is the most sinicized country in Southeast Asia and has been included in China's territory several times.

To be more precise, this is a Chinese province where the Chinese has not been fully Chinese, or a province where ethnic integration has not been completed. The integration of the Han people with various ethnic groups in the south has never stopped since the center of development of the Han people moved south.

It can be seen from various dialects that there were many different tribes and ethnic groups in various parts of China. These ethnic groups were later integrated into the Han people, and most of these dialects appeared after the original language was integrated into Chinese.

The popularity of Chinese in this era was low, but language fusion was very common. For example, the northern Fujian dialect was produced after the fusion of ancient Yue and Chinese. Its large number of pronunciations were the same as that of Chinese, and the creation of words had the characteristics of ancient Yue. Cantonese, popular in Guangdong, was also formed by the fusion of ancient Yue and Chinese. Since the Qin Dynasty, language fusion has been continuously continued.

Jiaozhi belongs to the kind of fusion that is not thorough and has been interrupted in the middle of the Song Dynasty, which is somewhat similar to the phenomenon in North Korea.

North Korea and Vietnam were affected by the ethnic integration of the Han people, but due to historical reasons, the integration was interrupted, resulting in the phenomenon of sinicization and its own ethnicity.

After carefully studying history, Zhao Yan felt that ethnic integration should be continued in Jiaozhi.

In this era, even Europe did not have national consciousness. China was the only one who produced national consciousness, but China's national consciousness was not strong.

When Zhao Yan came to this era, he successfully awakened the national consciousness.

The ethnic integration of the Jiaozhi area is actually a cultural invasion. The other party has no national consciousness at all, so it has not formed its own nation, but has only formed its own culture.

For a big country, the boundaries of racial judging are not based on bloodline, but on culture and customs. Even in a small country, the racial judging is based on culture and customs. For example, two ethnic groups living on the same island but with different cultural customs must have the same ancestral bloodline, but why are they divided into two races?

In terms of the way of distinguishing ethnic groups, bloodline also exists to a certain extent, but when this is the case with different races, blacks and whites naturally cannot be the same race.

There are no blood barriers to the ethnic integration of Jiaozhi, and the people of Jiaozhi do have Han ancestry. Therefore, the policy of treating Jiaozhi is to increase cultural exports.

Therefore, Shandong Zhengfu immigrated to Jiaozhi in the first half of the year and sent more than 200,000 Han people to Jiaozhi, and the government vigorously promoted Chinese.

Jiaozhi has a high degree of Chineseization, so it is easy to export such culture.

However, the Ming Dynasty suddenly destroyed Jiaozhi and took over Jiaozhi's administration, which made the Jiaozhi people develop the situation like in the early Ming Dynasty, and there were constant resistance in various places.

The official attitude towards these resistances is to directly suppress them.

There were 20,000 armed police forces deployed in Jiaozhi, and there was also a newly established 08 Mountain Regiment, which was really easy to suppress and resist.

What kind of guerrilla warfare is completely impossible.

Later Vietnam was able to deal with the United States through guerrilla warfare because of China's continuous support and the support of the Soviet Union.

In later generations, China supported Vietnam's weapons and equipment that could equip 2 million troops, and also resources various materials, even directly gave money and loans, and sent military personnel to help them command the battle.

Guerrilla warfare is the product of the mature firearms, and the guerrilla warfare in this era has little effect when it is used. It can be easily wiped out with snacks.

Jiaozhi's resistance has always been suppressed by iron-blooded means. Every time he suppresses, he will inevitably arrest people, and naturally he will be a coolie.

The main reason for Jiaozhi's frequent resistance is the official enclosure.

When 200,000 Han people come to Jiaozhi, they must have land! Therefore, the official took the initiative to attack Jiaozhi. Jiaozhi is different from the Ming Dynasty. In Jiaozhi, they have no worries to deal with those landlords, and they directly forcefully enclose land and don’t give a penny.

Under this kind of land enclosure behavior, resistance naturally broke out one after another, but the official was very calm. First, it did not affect the interests of most people. Then there were soldiers in his hands, whoever resisted and suppressed him. After the land was collected, it was distributed to the Han people who immigrated to Jiaozhi.

The situation in Jiaozhi was basically unchanged, and the Jiaozhi civilians did not react much to the Ming Dynasty taking over Jiaozhi because the government did not touch their interests.

In other words, they did not gain any benefits, nor did they lose any benefits. The Han people who immigrated to Jiaozhi replaced the landlord class in Jiaozhi.

These Han people all come from traditional Han activities, most of which are recruited from the Central Plains and Jiangnan areas. They speak Chinese or Han dialects, and their living customs are all dressed in Han people.

The expansion on land has slowed down this year. Nurkandus encountered the strongholds of the Tsarist Russians during his advancement. When they encountered these strongholds, they were all removed. The number of these Tsarist Russian cavalry was not large, so it was very easy to pull out their strongholds. It was promoted to the designated area in the first half of the year, and it was on the same north-south vertical line as the western desert.

The twelve years of Chongzhen were not a year of rapid expansion. Zhao Yan had to stop his expansion and digest the land he had captured before talking about it.

Only by digesting these lands can it be considered a real occupation, otherwise it will be just a passerby.

During the Han and Tang dynasties, the land was expanded very fiercely, but why did the land captured be lost? The main reason was that those areas were not digested. To put it bluntly, the number of Han people was insufficient and the number of foreign races was too large.

The Military Weapons Bureau resumed mass production of muskets after March, because the number of immigrants increased after March, and there must be enough weapons to train immigrants.

Any Han people who immigrate to areas with alien threats must receive regular military training, and every adult man can be equipped with a musket.

And it is a musket used by the army at present, with an effective range of 500 meters and good accuracy.

Some strongholds that were very susceptible to harassment also transported heavy machine guns from Shandong and sent specialized shooting players.

After nearly half a year of research and development, the Military Weapons Bureau finally determined the technology of breeze furnace steel and produced the first batch of primary gun steel, plus gun barrels and steel wire wrapped, which can withstand the explosive power of yellow gunpowder.

These new guns are not only lightened, but also have great power.

With just one 75mm cannon, the effective range of the shell reaches 6,000 meters, and the explosion power is very powerful. The killing radius of a 2 kilogram can reach 50 meters, which is even stronger than the current special 200mm cannon, but the weight of the cannon has been reduced to 150 kilograms.

The range of the 150mm cannon reaches 11 kilometers, the killing radius reaches 80 meters, and the gun weighs 300 kilograms.

The shells have also changed. Due to the use of trigger detonators, the shells have evolved into trigger explosions, and an explosion occurs when the shells touch the target.

This type of explosion method is more accurate than time fuses. The shells fired by time fuses test the artillery's estimation experience. If the estimate is wrong, it is likely that an explosion will occur without hitting the target.

The trigger fuse explodes after touching the target, which ensures that most shells can explode, but will not produce the lethality of the mid-air explosion of the time fuze. Moreover, when the shell explodes, as long as it is not too close, lying on the ground can greatly avoid the fate of being killed by the bomb.

Great progress has also been made in rifles. According to the Mauser 98 drawings drawn by Zhao Yan, the Military Intelligence Bureau successfully built the first steel and wooden rifle in March.

After testing, the effective range reaches one thousand meters, with extremely high accuracy, huge lethality, and a rate of fire reaches 10 to 15 rounds per minute.

This kind of drawing of Mao's gun is Mauser 98b, not the Mauser 98K used by the Germans during World War II. The 98b barrel is longer and has a longer range. Later, the Germans needed to adapt to trench warfare and shortened the barrel. The 98k originally belonged to a carbine, that is, a rifle.

Currently, the Military Weapons Bureau faces many technical problems, the main problem is the establishment of production lines.

In other equipment, new types of grenades, landmines and other weapons have emerged. The Military Intelligence Bureau has been fully developing in the research and development of weapons.

Most of the creativity comes from Zhao Yan.

The Military Weapons Bureau has reached a fork that requires a comprehensive change of production methods. Since the beginning of the year, five military factories have been established one after another.

It is a very bad arrangement to concentrate all weapons in one area to produce, so the Military Weapons Bureau is scattering the military factories, and the distribution areas of military factories are often close to the origin of raw materials and belong to safe areas.

Steaming production has made great progress, and many production links of the Military Equipment Bureau have entered steaming production.

Rifles, machine guns, and artillery have all begun to move towards large-scale production.

The infrastructure construction in the first half of the year was also very fast, especially the telegraph lines. As of June, the telegraph lines have been pulled across several provinces.

Now Zhao Yan can directly remotely control the Northeast, North Korea, Shanxi, Shaanxi, South Mohe, Huguang, Hebei, and the telegram line is being set up in Shandong, towards Sichuan, North Mohe, West Mohe, Nurkandus, and various southern provinces.

These telegram lines are administrative telegram lines and are only used by the official. It is expected that the telegram lines will be covered by the end of the year, from the north to Nurkandus, from the west to the desert, from the south to the Nanyang and Jiaozhi areas. The telegrams will be covered by the Americas, India, Australia and other regions within next year.

The telegrams used by the official are not only administrative, but also commercial departments.
To be continued...