The twelfth year of Chongzhen was a year of hard work.

After the Lantern Festival, the entire Shandong was in full swing again. The Military Weapons Bureau had stopped the production of artillery and muskets, and instead began to open yellow gunpowder and yellow explosives manufacturing plants everywhere.

These manufacturing plants are distributed in various provinces, mainly in areas close to raw materials and convenient transportation. At the same time, the Military Bureau began to make new artillery with blast furnace steel and began to manufacture Mauser rifles.

Horse farms are opened everywhere in the south, north, west and northeast of the desert, Nurkandus and other places, and the budget of 3 million taels is very sufficient for horse raising.

After all, many horses have been seized by the Mongolians, and the number of qualified mares has increased to about 800,000, which can produce 800,000 horses every year. In addition, the folk self-raised horses can increase by at least 1.5 million per year.

Due to the increase in horses, Dongsanfu no longer planted wheat. It has begun to change to suitable crops such as soybeans and peanuts, and also plant corn used to develop the breeding industry.

The grain production area has been moved to the Northeast. In the North, a large amount of corn has been planted in the Liaodong region for the development of aquaculture, while in the northern region it is planted with soybeans. At the same time, a large amount of wheat and rice have been planted in the entire Northeast.

Wheat was planted last winter, mainly concentrated in the southern region. The temperature in the northern region is too cold. If winter wheat cannot be planted, it will freeze to death.

Before spring comes, it is a very busy time. There is too much land in the Northeast region, and there is not much land for a family of 500 acres.

In Liaodong, western Liaoning, and North Koreans sow some of their land in winter, and the number of mu of sowing winter wheat ranges from 30 to 100 mu. Such a mu can only be busy during summer harvest. Otherwise, there will be no time to harvest wheat next year. If the wheat harvest time is not well grasped, the yield will be reduced.

There are still 300 acres of land used to plant alfalfa. Alfalfa can harvest four crops a year, each crop can produce about 1,500 kilograms. At the same time, the soil can be improved. These forage grass will be silated.

When spring comes, farmers will plant soybeans and corn, and those with paddy fields will plant some rice. Each farm raises chickens, pigs, cattle, sheep and horses. What you have to do every day is to carry out the silage feed and feed it to livestock.

In early summer, winter wheat can be harvested. After harvesting winter wheat, corn or soybeans will be planted. There are many kinds of things that can be busy. If you are too busy, you will plant a pasture.

The grass yield of a farm is generally around 1.5 million kilograms (300 acres), and a beef cattle is slaughtered in 5 to 6 months (about 350 to 400 kilograms), which requires 4,000 kilograms of grass (conversion rate 10:1). A farm can raise 375 beef cattle.

However, a family is obviously too busy to get busy, so most farms are directly enclosed into pastures, only about 100 acres of grass are retained for silage (for winter), while 300 acres of land are used to make 350 acres of land for grazing, and the remaining 50 to 100 acres are used for houses, vegetables, corrals and other facilities.

However, no matter whether you grow crops or raise beef cattle, you cannot achieve the first priority. First of all, beef cattle is not enough. The agricultural group of the Institute of Science and Technology has cultivated the "01 Denglai beef cattle". At this time, there are only a few dozen, and there are quite a lot of traditional beef cattle. On average, not everyone can get hundreds, and each farmer can only get 13.

Therefore, most of these farmers are breeding other livestock, with the most chickens and ducks, and there are many pigs. These are all breeding faster, so they raise more of them in each farm, and there are also many crops growing.

Insufficient farm labor is a problem faced by all agricultural products, but the problem is that the land is not insufficient, and it is very abundant for each household to get 500 acres of land.

Therefore, extensive planting and breeding are the main forms of current farm development. In the absence of sufficient livestock, the combination of breeding and extensive planting is the best choice.

It is located in the northern part of the northeast, later in Jilin and Heilongjiang, and is a large area of ​​Zhao Yan's land. It is a large-scale farm. The entire farm covers nearly one-third of the Northeast Plain and also occupies 20 million mu of grassland in southern Siberia.

This place is vast and although there are many undeveloped areas, it is a land that does not have to worry about the development of the breeding industry. Millions of Japanese slaves work hard here and have the most sophisticated management.

The official farms mainly grow soybeans, corn and alfalfa, and raise horses and beef cattle. In areas such as Siberia and Heilongjiang, winter wheat cannot be grown. If you want to grow crops, you must eat soybeans, potatoes, etc. In addition to crops, it is a breeding industry. Alfalfa is the main forage grass, and there is less corn (soybeans need to grow).

The demand for soybeans is relatively high. In addition to what people eat, there are also what horses eat, cows eat, and sheep eats. Pigs are generally not fed soybeans. Cows and sheep must be fed soybeans during delivery, and horses must be fed more or less soybeans to grow fat.

Now the soybean production areas are planned to be in the Northeast and Shandong, and the commercial grain base is also in Liaodong. However, this commercial grain is mainly meat.

Farmers assigned to the land are willing to develop the breeding industry and are not too keen on the planting industry.

According to one household, two to three laborers, the breeding industry can feed at least 50 people on 50 acres of land, which is equivalent to 10 acres of land to feed one person. If you plant grains, one acre of land can feed one person (north and south average). According to theory, the land needed to feed a person with meat is six to seven times that of grains to feed a person, and now 10 times is mainly due to insufficient labor.

In terms of division of labor, Shandong mainly produces soybeans, peanuts, and cotton, plus some wheat and larger breeding industries.

Liaodong and North Korea mainly produce soybeans, rice, silage corn, grass, and large-scale aquaculture industries.

In the south of the Moon and the north of the Moon are the main areas of fur, wool, and horse-producing land.

Hebei region (Northern Zhili) is also a region that develops aquaculture industry. Although Zhao Yan did not directly manage it here, many businessmen set up farms in Hebei region and learned from Shandong's farm model to develop aquaculture industry on a large scale.

After the emergence of feed silage technology in the breeding industry, it has become very promising.

The excess feed can be preserved in silage, which has also led to corn and alfalfa becoming the main silage objects. These two things are the most produced forage grasses and are not bad in terms of nutrition.

Of course, there are also large official farms in Hebei. The land in Hebei, which was swept by the Qing Dynasty many times, is not worth much. The Ministry of Commerce directly obtained a large amount of land in Hebei at the price of jumping off the property.

These lands bought at the price of jumping off the property have gradually begun to appreciate. Due to the absence of war and the water conservancy in the plains, the water conservancy in Hebei is also well restored. It is very convenient to develop aquaculture industry here and is close to the market.

In Henan, it is the area where cotton is produced. Most of Henan is dryland, so Hebei is the main cotton production area, and most of the commercially-built cotton in the Ming Dynasty are produced in Henan.

Huguang area is the main production area of ​​rice and the main production area of ​​buffaloes. Currently, nearly 100,000 cowhides are exported every year.

There is no textile industry in Huguang area. It mainly grows rice and raises buffaloes. It is also the most suitable place to grow rice and is an important commercial grain base.

Since the governance in the Yangtze River Basin was quite significant last year, and the Huguang area was divided into management separately (there are many lakes), Shandong officials began to start agricultural loans after taking over the administrative power of various prefectures and counties. The so-called agricultural loans are a lack of seeds. Agricultural tools can be purchased by borrowing money from the government, with a small amount and no interest is charged.

In Sichuan, it is an area with extremely huge agricultural development potential, and the reputation of the Kingdom of Tianfu is not a brag.

Rice and wheat are the main grain crops in Sichuan, and rapeseed is the main cash crop. In the breeding of buffaloes, scalpers, pigs, etc., it is also a region with great potential. In later generations, Sichuan was the first in the country in terms of buffaloes, scalpers and pigs, and the grain has exceeded 45 billion mark. The grain output in this era is not high, so it is impossible to achieve 45 billion.

And it may never be possible. First of all, in terms of ecological protection, Zhao Yan did not encourage land reclamation in provinces that have been developing for thousands of years, but advocated the protection of the environment. At the same time, Zhao Yan did not want to continue to develop an agricultural model of intensive cultivation. Unless the crop varieties are even more caloric than those in later generations, it is possible to exceed that terrifying number.

It is advisable to sow wheat in the Sichuan Basin from late October to mid-November; the large-area wheat harvest period is from the end of April to early May.

The sowing period of early rice in rice: from mid-March to mid-April (Sichuan Basin can generally be 5 to 10 days in advance) Harvest period: from early September to early October.

Corn sowing period: before and after Grain Rain (can also be sown from March to May) Harvest period: before and after Cold Dew (can also be harvested from June to July).

Rapeseed seedlings: Seedling transplantation from September 15 to 20 (latest month); the harvesting period is in late April.

Generally, rice is grown in paddy fields and wheat is grown in dry land. Rice can be planted for two to three seasons, usually two seasons, and during this period of the third season, it is used to grow rapeseed. Wheat is usually planted for one season and then corn.

As long as one of the two regions of Sichuan and Huguang is well managed, there is no need to worry about insufficient supply of commercial grain. The land pressure in this era was very small.

When the grain constant is not high, the development model between intensive farming and extensive planting is more promising. In fact, the biggest key to how many acres of land a farmer can cultivate depends on whether he can be busy during the harvest period.

The provinces in the south of the Yangtze River are home to fish and rice, but in terms of agricultural division of labor, they pay more attention to the production of cash crops. Although rice is also a major crop, it generally has a large output. However, when the prices of cash crops are high, cash crops are more likely to replace food crops.

Taiwan is the production of rice, deer skin, and sugarcane, but the sugarcane yield is not as good as that of Guangxi, Guangdong and other regions. Sugarcane is just ready for large-scale planting.

The entire Ming Dynasty's agricultural division of labor has basically been divided, and the administrative areas controlled by Zhao Yan controls the main production areas of horses, breeding, fur, rice, wheat, cotton, soybeans, peanuts and sugarcane. At the same time, it also controls two large fishing grounds in the Bohai Sea and Hokkaido, and there are several small fishing grounds overseas.

The agricultural development goal of Chongzhen in the 12th year was to carry out in-depth agricultural division of labor in various places, and the division of labor was equivalent to more professional.

(To be continued)
Chapter completed!