Chapter 50: Budget (Part 1)
As the end of the year approaches, the assessment results of various departments have been released. There are many people who have been promoted. Once promoted, the salary will increase.
Those who were promoted were extremely happy and were preparing to celebrate the New Year, while those who were not promoted were secretly determined to work hard next year.
Nowadays, a large number of people are needed, so as long as you do your job well, you will inevitably have a chance to be promoted. If you can surpass others in your performance, you will be given priority.
When doing things under Zhao Yan, you don’t have to be afraid of not having a chance, you are afraid of not being able to endure hardship. For the people, you are not afraid of suffering, you are afraid of not having a chance.
The Ministry of Finance is also very busy at the end of the year. The fiscal revenue in all aspects has entered the year-end summary, and finally settled the total revenue this year before New Year's Eve.
Last year, the main income of the company met the standard, with the salt profit reaching 4 million taels, and the payout of 3 million taels. Together with the one million taels obtained from hiring the bandits to suppress the bandits, the surplus was also 2 million taels.
The revenue of glass mirrors has risen to 6 million taels this year. Since the price has been reduced, the trend of using glass mirrors has spread all over the Ming Dynasty.
For many wealthy families, dozens or millions of taels of silver, it is not too much. They are willing to buy a mirror. In addition, there are now a series of rumors that glass mirrors can drive away evil spirits, keep safety, and... Many people buy this glass mirror for comparison and for good luck.
These two incomes alone reached 8 million taels, which has reached the minimum fiscal accounting amount set last year.
The income in the rest is even greater. Hai Trade has cashed out 7 million taels so far. At the end of the year, the fleet has successfully traveled to and from Japan three times. Each profit has stabilized at about 2 million taels, with a total revenue of 13 million taels, and another 6 million taels are uncensored. Among them, 4 million taels are goods that have not been sold, and there are 2 million taels left in the Japanese store to purchase Japanese goods.
In addition, the income of glassware has reached 1 million taels. Your glassware has a great impact on the glass in Zibo, Shandong. Zibo is the largest production area of glass products in the Ming Dynasty, mainly producing various utensils, toys and crafts such as bead curtains, chess boards, utensils, etc.
However, glass is thicker than glass after all. In competition with handicrafts, glass obviously cannot replace glass, but it has obvious advantages in price.
Due to the development of maritime trade, Zibo's porcelain industry was stimulated. The merchants first purchased porcelain used in maritime trade from nearby Zibo, while those fine porcelains were purchased from Jingdezhen.
In terms of military farming, the income from wheat was 700,000 stones this year. After the sweet potato vermicelli was distributed most of the profits to the people, the income was more than 5 million taels (the previous chapter was wrong, so it was calculated based on 2 taels of rice per stone, and the price was about 10 cents per catty. The extraction rate of vermicelli was lower than that of rice, so it should be fine if the sweet potato vermicelli sold for 10 cents, so it was changed to 7 million taels).
In terms of the breeding industry, the revenue this year reached 1.5 million taels, but the investment in the breeding industry is large and the costs have not been recovered yet. The main reason is the cost of rapid expansion, which will be stable in a few years. In terms of goods trafficking, the business also has an income of more than 1 million taels. The income in the textile industry last year was 2.3 million taels, and most of the cotton was spun into yarn and sold to other places.
All the income combined reached more than 32.8 million taels, but in fact it has been recorded, only 18 million taels.
Some of the remaining silver taels will not be cashed out, such as the wheat collected, does not belong to the ranks of non-cashing out. Some of them do not cash out, such as the 4 million taels of goods from Hai Trade, which have not been cashed out yet, and they have to wait for next year to cash out. In addition, there are 2 million taels left in Japan for turnover.
Some have been invested in new operations, such as textile income, which has been used to buy cotton after the autumn. Currently, the capital in the textile industry has reached 5 million taels.
The income this year reached more than 30 million taels, which is almost the same as the tax revenue of the imperial court during the Wanli period. It seems very scary, but in fact, nearly half of the share is obtained from maritime trade, and it is obtained from overseas.
As for the Zheng Group, the annual income is as rich as the country. It is a relatively general under Zheng Zhilong, and his net worth is million taels. For example, Zheng Cai, who guards the Kinmen, has a net worth of millions. It is not surprising that Hai Trade has such high profits.
Originally, the sea trade had to accumulate for a period of time, but after grabbing the Dutch cargo ship, and the efficiency of sea trade with Denlei for Japan was far from comparable to Zheng Zhilong and the Dutch, it was like opening an accelerator.
Zheng Zhilong's maritime trade income is unreasonable to use, and most of it is divided up by the following. It is just a pure interest body and has very little development awareness.
Furthermore, the tax revenue of the Ming Dynasty itself was frighteningly low. Just talking about agricultural tax, the Ming Dynasty recorded more than 700 million mu of arable land in Wanli. If the 700 million mu of land was levied on average 20 kilograms of rice.
How many kilograms of rice will be charged in total? The answer is of course very simple. It is 14 billion kilograms of rice in total. A stone of rice is worth 0.7-1 tael of silver. Calculated by seven cents of silver per stone, how much silver is equivalent to at that time? The answer is also very simple. It is equivalent to 51.9 million taels of silver at that time.
Calculated based on the grain output of north and south 1 stone (only counted as one season, but many places can plant two seasons or interplant other grains), the annual GDP will reach 500 million taels of silver, which may actually reach 1 billion taels.
This is the data from Wanli period. The production was abandoned in the late Ming Dynasty and the agricultural output value would be much reduced. However, if it was considered the second season, intercropping, and the grain output in the south were much higher than one stone per mu, there would definitely be this number.
Of course, most of these agricultural outputs are not circulated, and the part of the circulation will not increase the silver. The bank is operating in circulation, and agricultural products are consumables.
This is closely related to the output value of agriculture, and the output value of industry and commerce is much higher.
Judging from the total output value, the taxes in the Ming Dynasty were very unreasonable, that is, they were too low, and the collection was unreasonable. The northwest increased the taxes, but other places did not increase, and commercial taxes were not increased.
This all stems from a political party, which is extremely xenophobic, either my fellow disciples, or my enemies. And he is proud of resisting taxes, resisting taxes as righteousness, resisting taxes as loving the people, and resisting taxes as merit.
Unfortunately, this party dominated the ruling of the court in the late Ming Dynasty, and this is the Donglin Party. The most evil thing about the Donglin Party is that it is famous for its sake and struggle for its struggle. It has no thought of the consequences and responsibilities at all.
Because the landlords are very powerful, although the people only need to pay a little agricultural tax, the land rent is not a problem of more than ten or twenty kilograms of rice. There are generally dozens or hundreds of kilograms.
So this is a country that represents the interests of landlords. No matter how good the country is and how bad the emperor is, it is impossible for them to increase the land tax to 50%. If it really increases to 50%, the people may be able to survive, but what else can the landlords eat?
Isn’t this just touching the interests of landlords? The reason why the Donglin Party is proud of its tax resistance is that they can gain a reputation among the landlord class. Without commercial taxes, they can gain a reputation, because in the late Ming Dynasty, the merchant class had already entered the court, and the relationship between the landlord class and the merchant class was very close, even overlapping.
More than two hundred years of wealth accumulation has almost mostly fallen into the pockets of landlords and merchants. Zhu Youjian has begun to increase taxes. According to the original history, before the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Youjian increased the agricultural tax to five or six times the original, and added to the corruption of officials. This is why Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong proposed that they would not pay taxes and followers would enter the clouds.
Although it is not wrong to say that tax increases, the target of collection is wrong, because the finger was not pointed at the landlords. On this point, Lu Xiangsheng once submitted a memorial to raise taxes and only levyed large households, but was refuted by other officials.
Those landlords naturally have the means to avoid taxes, while those self-cultivated farmers and tenants can generally survive after the tax increases. However, the problem is that natural disasters are constantly occurring, and there is no stable production environment, so it is inevitable that they cannot survive.
It is not surprising that there is so much fiscal revenue this year. The industries involved in Zhao Yan are mainly monopolistic and competitive industries with advantageous surnames, so the speed of making money is naturally faster.
With so much money, you have to take good care of how to spend it. The places where you need to spend money are mainly three points: making money, strengthening soldiers, and safeguarding the people.
Making money means increasing business investment to earn more money so that more money can be invested in strengthening the army and maintaining the people. In business, Zhao Yan has tasted many sweet things.
Earn silver through business and then mobilize the huge national strength of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty itself has a good foundation and has huge manpower and material resources. As long as there is silver, it can call on these manpower and material resources.
If you travel to an environment like the Three Kingdoms, no matter how many commercial activities are carried out, you will not be able to mobilize much manpower and material resources. After all, it is restricted by innate conditions.
The Ming Dynasty was a country representing the interests of the landlord class. It is undeniable that landlords also played a huge role in production organization. In the Ming Dynasty, they were very extensive in the management of the people, which led to rapid development among the people. However, this extensiveness also made land annexation unregulated, and the ability to occupy other countries became extremely low.
For example, after the Ming Dynasty conquered Annan, the civil war continued to change due to extensive management, and thus withdrew. If the management was strict, there would be so many civil wars. Even if the civil wars were caused, it would be like a killing. Annan was the territory of China during the Tang Dynasty, but it was not defended after the Ming Dynasty. It really makes people wonder how to say it.
Senior leaders from various departments gathered together and began to discuss the budget issues of these money.
Commercial investment will continue to expand next year, and the textile industry will retain the profit of 2.3 million taels last year and continue to expand its scale. In terms of maritime trade, the Ming Dynasty will retain 2 million taels on the Ming Dynasty and 2 million taels on the other side of Japan. The profit of 1.5 million taels on the aquaculture industry will continue to be retained to expand the scale of breeding.
The fiscal revenue this year is indeed unexpected. Therefore, in terms of shipbuilding, Zhao Yan plans to allocate 3 million taels, and will build a large shipyard in Songjiang next year, and start construction of 50 1,000-ton fly-scissors, the remaining silver taels will be used to recruit shipmakers, etc.
The remaining fiscal amounts that can be called will reach 20 million taels, and in terms of military expenditure, there will be a budget of 8 million taels next year. The second-line troops will have to spend 3 million taels of military expenditure, while the front-line troops will also need more than 1 million taels of expenditure. In addition, the navy will allocate another 1 million taels of military expenditure. Next year, the battle with Jiannu will be started, and the military expenditure will be increased by 3 million taels.
"Shipbuilding and military expenditure are all necessary projects. After deducting the budget for these projects, there are still 12 million taels left." Zhao Quan said: "We must improve transportation. We rely on operations to make money. The Ministry of Transport is now very tight in transportation." Zhao Quan said.
"Well! This aspect does need to be improved." Zhao Yan nodded, building a ship was also to enhance transportation capacity so that more maritime trade could be carried out. However, it was just to make money and improve transportation conditions. Not only was commerce easier to carry out on land, but it was also convenient for military mobilization.
When Zhao Quan spoke, the top leaders of other departments naturally had no objection. Zhao Quan's position is transcendent in this group, and most of the business operations are also Zhao Quan's hands.
After the discussion, it was decided to allocate 2 million taels to the Ministry of Transport for road repairs, as well as the purchase and construction of transport horses, vehicles, and river vessels.
In terms of military farming, 2 million taels were allocated to train young and strong people and build battalions. Now, young and strong people in the village no longer train longbows, but instead train muskets. The demand for muskets is very large, and the demand for gunpowder is also huge. Gunpowder is generally produced by local methods in each village, and part of it is enough.
As long as the castle was built in various parts of Denglai, Zhao Yan would be invincible. If the enemy attacked Denglai, it would be almost impossible to pull out these castle one by one.
With just one point in each department, there is only 8 million taels left.
Song Wen, who is in charge of the Ministry of Education, stood up and bowed: "Sir, we have more than 600,000 children now and cannot go to school. It is better to have early or late education. The finances are abundant this year. Why not popularize education? As long as education is popularized, these children can become the pillars of our future in less than five or six years."
"Is there enough teaching staff?" Zhao Yan asked.
"The faculty is enough. Last year, our Ministry of Education trained more than 2,000 teachers to teach students pinyin and mathematics," said Song Wenyuan. "We can first enroll boys, and then all teenagers aged 10 to 15 can attend. Next year, we will step up the training of faculty. All male and female students will definitely be able to enroll within two years. Within four years, we can reduce the scope of education to six years old and literate the people in a small scale."
"It is indeed better to be early than late in terms of education." Zhao Yan nodded. Just in terms of the military, it will definitely develop towards the complex path of war in the future, and it will naturally require a large number of cultural personnel. "Let's talk about the budget of the Ministry of Education first!"
Education is a career that needs to be done well even if you tighten your belt.
In later generations, Chinese education was so expensive to go to kindergartens, and the tuition fee was 200 to 300 yuan a year for elementary school, but it was gradually reduced.
When you go to junior high school, you need to have a tuition of 4,000 or 5,000 yuan a year. It is even more powerful to go to high school. One point in the middle school entrance examination is 20,000 yuan or 30,000 yuan. Even if you pass the high school entrance examination, the tuition of 30,000 yuan a year will cost tens of thousands. If you lose five or six points, you may have to sponsor a school for hundreds of thousands to enter. It goes without saying that you go to college, it is even higher than going to high school.
How can such a greedy education develop? Just talking about primary schools, primary school principals in developed areas in later generations can embezzle millions (Xiaocai knows a primary school principal in Longyan. He has bought a house for each of his three daughters and paid one for himself, and laundered money by opening a feed factory).
Education has become one of the three mountains, and it has been reported that people cannot breathe and cannot afford to go to school.
If Zhao Yan wants to develop the education industry, he will naturally not repeat the same mistakes and stage the policies of later generations. First, he must ensure that admission is free, and then provide students with meals, and then give one monthly subsidy.
Enrollment is free, which can reduce the burden on the people. In addition, subsidies are issued, so there will be no more stubborn people who will not allow their children to go to school.
It is necessary to provide students with diet, provide these children with sufficient nutritional intake, and lay a solid foundation for their bodies.
To implement such an education policy, all expenses are borne by Zhao Yan, the group, which is not profitable and requires money.
This is indeed the case in the short term, but it can create unlimited benefits in the long term.
"Denglai has 110,000 teenagers aged 100,000, Yingzhou 30,000, Handan 40,000, a total of 180,000 people. Each person pays one qian per month and one qian per month, which costs 200,000 taels per year. The meal cost is 30 per person per month, which costs 600,000 taels. Teachers pay 200,000 taels per month. For school construction and desks and chairs, a part can be shared by each village, plus books, paper, pen, etc., and then 50,000 taels are adjusted." Song Wenyuan listed the data that had been calculated long ago, "It would be 900,000 taels."
"Is the meal cost three cents a month enough?" Zhao Yan was a little worried. Can three cents a piece of silver be enough? You should know that the departments under Zhao Yan are responsible for reading accounting.
The so-called reading accounting means that when each department wants to call the resources of other departments, it is necessary to spend money to buy them. Although it seems like it is selling it to itself, the profits and losses of each department will be clearly seen at a glance.
"Three coins are definitely enough. We have a lot of output in grain, and the price is twice as low as in other places. We can leave a half kilogram to buy meat supply." Song Wenyuan said.
"Okay! Then I will allocate 1 million taels to the Ministry of Education, and the more than 100,000 taels to expand the normal university, and then set up a few middle schools and a Denglai University. It is best to build the university before the autumn begins." Zhao Yan decided to say that the American Harvard University will be established next year. Since the university is set up next year, it is naturally not comparable to it in terms of time.
It is very necessary to establish a university, and Zhao Yan urgently needs to establish a high-level institution similar to the University of Cambridge in the UK.
Education is indeed a place where money is burning. It costs nearly 1 million taels for only 180,000 people. It can be foreseeable that this area will be another big money-burning player in the future.
Next year, we plan to develop fisheries. Denglai connects the two major sea areas of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. The fishery resources are very rich, and it is simply a treasure house that is unused.
Every year, mackerel, hairtail and small yellow croaker can form huge fish floods, and there are also economical varieties such as sea cucumbers, scallops, sea urchins, and shrimps.
Therefore, 500,000 taels of fishing boats will be allocated, and the construction cost of fishing boats will be much smaller. A larger fishing boat will cost only three or four taels, while an average fishing boat will cost only more than ten taels.
The shipbuilding industry in Denglai is restricted by wood. Although there are wood needed for sea boats in Denglai, it is not too much. They are mainly concentrated in the hilly areas of Dengzhou. The wood required for fishing boats is not so strict, and there is wood everywhere to make.
If you catch 10,000 tons of fish a year, you can earn at least 800,000 taels of silver by selling a pound of 0.04 taels of silver. However, the price of seafood is generally higher than that of pork. It is absolutely fine to create an output value of 1.5 million taels of silver with 10,000 tons.
In fact, the Bohai Sea area alone had the highest fishing volume after liberation reached 1.35 million tons. Later, the factory discharged a large amount of sewage, and the fish in the Bohai Sea were almost dead.
However, the fishing capacity in this era is not strong. It is almost impossible to catch 1.35 million tons a year. First of all, the fishing method is low, and in terms of fishing range, most of them are caught in the near-shore areas, so naturally there are not many fish.
(To be continued)
Chapter completed!