What will happen to people in space?

To be precise, will a person die instantly if exposed to space?

I suddenly became interested in this issue when I watched some science fiction movies or animations on Bilibili that involved human beings directly exposing their bodies to the universe. Barrages from some scientific emperors often appeared, criticizing and complaining about such plots.

Science, and what will happen if a person is directly exposed to a vacuum... Some people say that they freeze to death directly, some people say that they die from heat, and some people say that they die from an explosion; because there are different opinions, scientific emperors

The arguments continued, which made people who just wanted to watch movies and anime also join the battlefield because their mood was affected.

Then there are all kinds of mutual sprays.

First of all, I would like to say that this kind of barrage, which is completely nutritious and has no fun at all, really affects the mood of the audience. Everyone watches the barrage for the enjoyment of watching the work itself, and to watch other people complain to add double fun, but spraying and spraying

It's really disappointing to go there, and it's even more annoying to be accused without reason.

And the things they argue with each other are really boring. For example, in Xingye's Mandarin movies, they accuse the Mandarin dubbing of being inferior to Cantonese; for example, they inexplicably provoke arguments about who is more incompetent, men or women; for example, they constantly accuse the characters of being "middling",

It seems that any behavior can be explained by the 'secondary', so this is really a simple world. Those have been formalized since the publication of "The Interpretation of Dreams" by Freud, the first recognized personality psychologist in 1900.

The psychologists who established personality psychology and developed it for hundreds of years have spent hundreds of years failing to understand - 'Any behavior can be explained by the second grade!' Such a simple fact is really

Quite stupid.

There is also a good plot, but suddenly because of the word "masterpiece", the barrage began to fall into the so-called mutual debate about who is the "masterpiece"... Is "masterpiece" valuable? Please, in

In this Internet era, even a first-grade child can label a work of ghosts and beasts that can make him laugh out loud as a "masterpiece". It is not boring to argue about a "masterpiece" until he is red in the face.

What?

Uh, I'm off topic.

Back to the topic, how will people die in space?

With this question in mind, I started using search engines to find answers.

The answers found are really varied. Some people said that they would freeze to death because the temperature in space should be absolute zero, so they should be frozen to death. Some people said that they would die from heat because there are no air molecules in space to conduct heat.

And the lower the air pressure, the lower the boiling point of the liquid. There is no air pressure in space, so when the boiling point of the liquid is lower than the human body temperature, the blood in the whole body will boil directly and heat the person to death.

These two answers are completely different, but they both sound scientific, but the most common answer is another answer - death by explosion.

There is also a scientific basis for explosion death - there is an atmospheric pressure on the surface of the earth, which is exactly balanced with the outward expansion force of the human body. Space is almost a vacuum. If the human body is not protected by a space suit, the outward expansion force of the body will be

If the pressure is much greater than the external pressure, the human body will explode like an inflated air bomb.

Each answer seems scientific, but which one it is is really confusing.

But at this time, I found two old news articles about the human body being exposed to vacuum, which seemed to tell us something -

In 1965, during a vacuum chamber spacesuit leak incident at NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center (now renamed Johnson Space Center), we had a subject who was unfortunately exposed to a near vacuum (less than 1 psi, or 1 pound per square inch).

). The time he remained conscious was 14 seconds, which is roughly the time it takes for oxygen to get from the lungs to the brain. The conditions in his spacesuit probably didn't reach a very strong vacuum, and we started vacuuming the chamber after 15 seconds.

Repressurization. Subject began to regain consciousness at an atmospheric pressure approximately equivalent to an altitude of fifteen thousand feet. Subject later reported that he could feel and hear air leaking out, and that he made his final gasps before losing consciousness.

The memory is that the water on the tongue starts to boil. (The boiling point of water will lower under low pressure conditions - Note.)

The February 13, 1995 issue of "Aviation Week & Space Technology" published a letter from Leonard Gordon reporting another vacuum incident: "On August 16, 1960, a pilot left an unpressurized hand for a long time while working.

In near-vacuum conditions, while using the open pod, Joe Kittinger had a problem with the pressurization of his right hand. He decided to continue the mission. As expected, his hand hurt and lost function. However,

After his record-breaking skydive, his hand returned to normal once he returned to lower altitudes."

...Well, judging from these two pieces of news, the theory of explosion is obviously unreliable. In terms of temperature, the vacuum is not enough to cause an explosion. In other words, people will not die immediately.

, those who complain that it is unscientific to complain that the human body does not explode when exposed to space are obviously wrong. In fact, it is unscientific for the human body to explode.

——That’s what I think above, but I just lack knowledge, and my own poor scientific literacy is not enough to confirm my idea. So I still need to continue searching for information to confirm my idea.

Thanks to these two pieces of news, I found a lot of information using them as clues.

To be honest, relying on the Internet, if you want to find information, you can easily find it by using a search engine. But this information is not necessarily correct. In this pile of information, you can identify reliable information, and

It is something that is not something that is taken for granted - especially when looking for information in an unfamiliar field. At this time, you need to identify the source of the information to refer to its credibility.

Well, I'm a little off topic. Anyway, I finally found some information provided by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), which I think is real and credible - at least they have really gone to the sky and have enough experimental data.

, which is much more believable than what some people with little knowledge take for granted.

...

How long can a person survive in space without protection?

If you don't try to hold your breath, exposure to space for half a minute or so is unlikely to cause permanent damage. As divers need to be aware of when ascending, holding your breath may damage your lungs, and if the Eustachian tubes are severely blocked,

Ear drums can also go wrong. But theoretical predictions and animal testing confirm that beyond that, exposure to a vacuum will cause no immediate harm. You won't explode, your blood won't boil, you won't freeze to death, or immediately.

Lost consciousness.

After ten seconds, many minor problems will occur, including sunburn, possible decompression sickness, and mild, reversible, painless swelling of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Then you will lose consciousness due to lack of oxygen. The damage continues.

Accumulated, you will die after about a minute or two, but the exact time limit is not currently known.

Due to the containment function of your skin and circulatory system, you will not explode and your blood will not boil. Although the space environment is generally very cold, the heat will not leave the human body in a short time, so you will not freeze to death immediately. Only when

People lose consciousness when the body's oxygen is depleted. If your skin is exposed to the intense ultraviolet radiation of direct sunlight without any protection, you can get very bad burns.

Explanation 1. You will not be frozen. Contrary to what many people understand, space is not an "absolute zero" environment. In fact, there is no temperature in space. Since there are very few molecules in space, they are not enough to exhibit the property of "temperature"

, neither "cold" nor "hot". The vacuum is a good heat insulator. People exposed to it will feel slightly cold due to the evaporation of water on the body surface, but they will not freeze.

Explanation 2. Your blood will not boil either. Because generally speaking, a person’s blood pressure is

75/120 (the unit is "Torr", 1 "Torr" is approximately equal to 1 mm of mercury), this value describes that a person's blood pressure is about 75-120 Torr higher than the pressure of the external environment. When the external environment pressure is 0

At this time, the blood pressure can still be maintained at least around 75 Torr, and under this pressure, the boiling point of water is 46 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the human body temperature (37 degrees Celsius)

degrees Celsius) is not enough to make the blood boil. This is all due to the blood vessels. The elastic blood vessels ensure that the blood has a certain pressure and prevent the boiling point from lowering and boiling. (In the 1965 case, the exposed person only reported that the blood on the tongue

The water begins to boil because the pressure at the tongue is actually environmental pressure - Note.)

...

Summary 1: Human beings are really tenacious creatures. Even in space, they can survive for a few minutes and maintain consciousness for at least ten seconds...

Summary 2: It turns out that those science emperors who always complain about "Why don't they explode" in science fiction animation movies are really unscientific. Just don't explode.
Chapter completed!