591 The little things in China (1)
September 1945 was a turbulent time. In this month, Central and Eastern European countries first joined the CIS and the World Union, led by the Soviet Union, and then these Central and Eastern European countries happily accepted the economic aid from the United States. Just when the world was confused about the inexplicable foreign policy of Central and Eastern European countries, these Central and Eastern European countries once again followed the Soviet Union to form a Kosovo peacekeeping force, the Kosovo State Combined Force.
The main force of this so-called peacekeeping force was led by the Soviet Red Army. General Petrovsky led the 2nd Mountain Infantry Army of the Soviet Red Army, the 52nd Infantry Army and the 100th Armored Brigade quickly entered Kosovo from Bulgaria. There were also an infantry brigade in Albania, an infantry regiment from Romania and Bulgaria, an engineer battalion in Czechoslovakia, a cavalry battalion in Hungary, and a communication battalion in Greece. The combined total force was probably the level of an army group.
This peacekeeping force was led by the Kosovo Albanian armed forces until it encountered Tito's Yugoslav People's Army in Pristina. Things became lively!
Petrovsky asked the Yugoslav People's Army to withdraw from Pristina and withdraw from Kosovo to ensure that the Albanians would not be violently massacred again. Yugoslavia naturally flatly refused, but instead asked the Soviet Union and its vassal invading troops to get out of Yugoslavia immediately, otherwise they would not blame the guns in their hands for not recognizing people.
Petrovsky was not in a hurry to attack because he knew that his actions were restricted. The Politburo and the Military Commission had greeted him before. This peacekeeping operation must be restrained and cannot fire at the Yugoslav People's Army first. If it is necessary to fire, it must first obtain the consent of the Politburo and the Military Commission.
Therefore, at this time, the only thing Petrovsky could do was to immediately report the situation and wait for the decision of the Politburo and the Military Commission. At this time, in Moscow, the nine elders of the Politburo also gathered together, not discussing anything, but waiting for Tito's reply.
Yes, as soon as the CIS decided to send peacekeeping forces to Yugoslavia, the CIS sent a telegram to Tito informing Tito's decision and hoped that he respected the CIS' decision and immediately withdrew from Kosovo.
It is conceivable how angry Tito was at this time. He almost roared and dictated a telegram to reply: "Did the Soviet Union officially declare war on Yugoslavia? If so, then Yugoslavia accepts this challenge and will defeat the Soviet invaders as before as the German Nazis!"
In response, the CIS responded: "**The Communities of States have no intention to declare war on any country. The CIS peacekeeping forces entered Kosovo at the invitation of the local Albanians to mediate ethnic disputes, resolve increasingly serious ethnic conflicts, resolve local humanitarian crises, and restore peace. This is not a declaration of war on Yugoslavia. The CIS respects Yugoslavia's sovereignty, but Yugoslavia should also fully respect the Albanians' right to survive in Kosovo!"
This reply surprised Tito because he thought that this dispatch of troops was only an act of the Soviet Union's answer, but now it seems that the Soviet Union has already taken over a vote of Central and Eastern European countries, and almost all Yugoslavia's neighbors participated in this "peacekeeping" operation. This meaning is completely different.
If it was a unilateral action by the Soviet Union, Tito thought it would be easy for him to win international support, but he would shape the Soviet Union as an invader. At that time, international public opinion would make the Soviet Union look good. Now the Soviet Union is followed by a small tail. Although these small tails only have some symbolic strength, this symbolicity is very deadly. This means that the entire Central and Eastern Europe supports the Soviet Union's actions, which is very difficult for him to win international support.
In fact, this is true. When Tito asked for help from the country, there were very few countries that were willing to stand in the same trenches with Yugoslavia. Britain and the United States expressed their support, Belgium and the Netherlands expressed their limited support, and France expressed their non-interference in foreign internal affairs, hoping that this matter would end in peace as soon as possible. Sweden also expressed its support, but it was just a verbal blow. After all, Sweden was also very close to the Soviet Union and did not want to cause trouble for Yugoslavia. As for other European countries, they almost one-sidedly supported the Soviet Union, shouting that they must end the armed conflict in Kosovo and that the basic survival power of the Albanians must be guaranteed. The genocide led by Tito must be stopped. This is an evil neo-Nazi act.
To be honest, such international public opinion is very unfavorable to Tito. Not to mention putting pressure on the Soviet Union, the pressure fell on him. Tito was immediately entangled. It was not that he didn't know what to do. Obviously, he could not give up Kosovo, not because Kosovo is so important, and this is a symbol. Once he gives in to the issue of Kosovo, it means that his plan to combine Yugoslavia into a whole will go bankrupt. At that time, the Serbs are still Serbs, the K tribes are still K tribes, and the Albanians and Mu tribes are still the same. Even if Kosovo does not directly **, it is equivalent to smashing the whole Yugoslavia to pieces. Maybe there is nothing wrong with this decade or twenty years, or even his lifetime, but once he dies, once the new generation of Yugoslavia leaders can't control the situation, the country will immediately become a mess, and this is the biggest tragedy!
So Tito knew that he could never give in easily and had to withstand the pressure from the Soviet Union. But he also had doubts in this regard. After all, the Soviet Union's situation this time was too exaggerated. He used almost a group of troops and was still holding a group of brothers. If this could not achieve the goal, wouldn't the CIS become a joke in the future?
But Tito has a lucky mentality. What if the Soviet Union is bluffing? After all, it is not worth it to take the risk of comprehensive development with Yugoslavia for the sake of Kosovo and Alberta, right? So, at this moment, Tito is making the final trade-off, and whether it is soft or hard will soon be determined.
Taking advantage of Tito's decision to make up his mind, let us leave Yugoslavia for the time being and go to China to take a look. Things there are almost come to light.
The peace negotiations led by Marshall were still fruitful, at least they achieved paper results. Both the Communists expressed their acceptance of the agreement and were willing to establish a coalition government. However, Marshall had no hope for the Chinese coalition government.
In his letter to his wife, he wrote: "During the peace negotiations, there were constant frictions between the two sides, and the DPP was constantly looking for trouble, and the Communist Party also fought back without hesitation. In my opinion, this negotiation was just a delay. Once the DPP completed its war preparations, it didn't matter whether there was an agreement or not!"
Marshall's judgment was very accurate. On the 7th day after the negotiations reached an agreement, a large-scale armed conflict broke out between the two sides in northern Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, and Henan. It can be said that the civil war has broken out in full swing!
From a broader historical perspective, the large-scale civil war between the two sides of the Communist Party after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War was undoubtedly the continuation of the civil war from 1927 to 1937 to a large extent.
It has to be said that the matter in China is so complicated and interesting. When Japan's full-scale invasion of China began in 1937, the two sides of the Communist Party finally came together under the pressure of *********, and they joined hands to fight against the Japanese invaders with the spirit of "brothers are from the wall, and the Communist Party is deterring foreign humiliation". But despite this, during the entire War of Resistance Against Japan, the conflicts and frictions between the Communist Party continued. In a sense, this was a "fight without breaking" type of resistance that the civil war would fight even if they were fighting foreign enemies.
However, with Japan's surrender, there was no need for this kind of fighting but not breaking model. Without foreign enemies, the brothers naturally continued to continue. Especially in the case of the Democratic Party, as the nominal central government, the real power of the Democratic Party government was in control of Jiang. No matter what, he would not allow the phenomenon of "one country, two masters" to continue.
At this time, more than 1.3 million Japanese invaders (excluding the Kwantung Army) had become defeated troops waiting to be surrendered and sent back to China (and a considerable number of puppet troops. Of course, as the implementer of Jiang's curved rescue, a considerable number of puppet troops were actually scramblers). It is conceivable that the territory and weapons left behind by the Japanese invaders were the largest "fat meat", and no one would want this huge batch of equipment to fall into the hands of the other party.
We all know that after taking history classes, because Mr. Jiang had always resisted passively in the late period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the real elite troops were concentrated in the southwest and northwest regions, which were quite far from the Japanese occupied areas. According to normal conditions, the weapons and equipment left by the Japanese invaders were really difficult to fall into their hands. So at that time, Chiang Kai-shek thought of a wrong move and ordered that the 18th Army (Eighth Route Army) not be allowed to accept Japan's surrender.
According to the "History of the Suppression of Rebellion" written by Mr. Jiang after "the mainland annihilated 100 million enemies in Taiwan": "The troops under this group of army (18th group army) should be stationed on site. The troops fighting in various war zones should be subject to the jurisdiction of the commanders and commanders of each war zone and do not act without authorization!"
To put it bluntly, he was not allowed to accept the surrender of the Japanese invaders and was ready to eat fat. This unauthentic practice would naturally not accept the same thing. He was naturally full of anger in this regard. He wrote in "History of the Suppression of Rebellion": "...I was ordered to advance northward along Pinghan and Jinpu and accept surrendered. The troops received were not only limited in their movements, but also changed from "occupied areas" to "Red areas" to most of the three provinces of Shanxi, Hebei and Shandong. In the end, although I tried to transport a part of the air and sea to Jinan, Qingdao, Ping, Tianjin and other cities, due to the limitation of military strength, I could only control the points and lines and could not control the overall situation. Before the war in North China and East China, I was in an unfavorable situation."
From this point of view, we can draw a conclusion that the scramblers are indeed beyond reach to North China, East China and other places. The reason why they are so far beyond reach is nothing more than Chiang Kai-shek's passive anti-Japanese preservation strength. If he does not shrink so hard, will he not be able to grab the territory? Of course, this also proves from another aspect that the main force in the battlefield behind enemy lines is T-communist. If T-communist is really the so-called "gambling without attacking", can such a vast area be controlled?
This is still in history. In this time and space, the situation of the shackles was even worse. Because of the strength of the T-communist Communist Party, it swept across North China and East China during the counterattack stage at the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan. Both rural and large and medium-sized cities were all in the hands of T-communist. It made Jiang not even get big cities such as Qingdao, Jinan, Ping, and Tianjin. In this area, let alone control the dots and lines, there is no sense of existence at all.
Even, it was still a move for T. If you really want T. to let T. get the Democratic Party to rob, I am afraid that the lifeline of the Jianghuai generation, Chiang Kai-shek will fall into the hands of T. Who makes Chiang here have no sense of existence?
Of course, Chiang Kai-shek in the Jianghuai generation did not have any sense of existence, but his sense of existence was reflected in a relatively embarrassing way, that is, the vast number of puppet troops. In Henan, Jiangsu and Jiangxi, the number of puppet troops reached 680,000! Most of them were followed by Mr. Jiang's instructions to save the country. Now the Japanese invaders have been defeated, and the saving of the country has been successfully completed. This group of puppet troops played a major role as the vanguard of Chiang's victory. However, what is disgusting is that "History of the War of Suppressing the Rebellion" actually said that these 680,000 puppet troops blocked the process of regaining the country. If it were not for these 680,000 puppet troops, the action of scrambling the army would be faster.
Well, people cannot be too shameless. Anyway, these 680,000 puppet army brothers are probably very injured. On the one hand, they have to "endure humiliation and bear heavy burdens" undercover, and on the other hand, they have to take the blame for helping Principal Jiang steal the territory. It is really not easy for these unsung heroes from the Party and the country!
To put it briefly, in August 1945, the general situation in China was that the Northeast was controlled by the Soviet Red Army, and most of the North China and East China were in the hands of T. In addition, in northern Shaanxi, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, it was also the control area of T. In addition, T. In South China, there were also guerrillas such as the Guangdong-Guangdong Detachment in Central China.
As for the Democratic Party, it generally controlled Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Jianghuai, South China and most of central China. The southwestern region destroyed Long Yun due to the Jiuhua Mountain incident, which was considered to have a rival. The only local forces that could pose a greater threat to Mr. Jiang were the only local forces that could pose a greater threat to Mr. Jiang. Among them, the strength of the Guangxi clan was preserved very ideally, and even Chiang Kai-shek was a little afraid.
Therefore, at the beginning of the civil war, Chiang Kai-shek believed that the main task of the shackles was: first, eliminate the t-communist Central Committee entrenched in northern Shaanxi, and second, recovering East China and North China. To this end, he formulated a comprehensive offensive plan. Hu Zongnan led the Northwest shackles to solve the Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, while Yan Laoxi went to deal with the t-communist troops in northern Shanxi. The remaining t-communist troops, the New First Army, the New Sixth Army and Chen Cheng's 18th Civil Engineering Army, the main targets were Henan, Hebei, while the 74th Army and the Fifth Army were responsible for northern Jiangsu and Shandong.
In Jiang's opinion, as long as one move is done, the main force of the T-communist can be eliminated. After the main force of the T-communist is eliminated within the pass, it is also expected to force the Soviet Union to withdraw its troops from the Northeast with the support of the United States and Britain!
I have to say that Chairman Jiang’s idea is good, but there are really problems in his approach. Why do you say that? There is no problem with the five main forces of the Party and the country as the core to suppress the Communist Party. However, these five main forces have become different from the past after the baptism of the War of Resistance. They are steadily higher than other troops, and even one head higher than the Central Army. This can be said to be five tigers. If you want to control these five tigers, you must at least have a few lions, right?
But, the question is, are there lions among the shaving army? Is there a lion who can lead thousands of troops on his own and let the upper and lower levels serve? Based on actual ability, there must be such lions, but Mr. Jiang may not be able to use it. For example, Sun Liren.
Objectively speaking, Sun Liren performed very well during the War of Resistance Against Japan. This was the first one of the five main forces. Moreover, among the entire Scraper, the Expeditionary Force stationed in India occupied two of the five main forces. It can be seen that the combat effectiveness of the Expeditionary Force stationed in India was quite strong at that time. This can also be seen from the combat situation in the Northeast after the outbreak of the civil war in history. The Scraper outside the Pass, with the New First Army and the New Sixth Army as the main body, once made Lin Shuai quite embarrassed.
But Sun Liren is also a big fatal point. First, he has no background in Huangpu. This person graduated from the Ferginia Military Academy in the United States (not the circulating West Point Military Academy. The West Point Military Academy was not allowed to enter the West Point Military Academy back then. Patton spent a year in Feiginia to study West Point, so Sun Liren and Patton were also considered alumni). Moreover, after returning to China, he also followed the path of the Tax Police Corps of the Ministry of Finance and entered the Scratch Army. This tax police corps does not belong to the central branch, but can only be considered Song Ziwen's private armed forces. Although they are well equipped, they are naturally separated from Jiang's Huangpu Army in politics.
It is precisely because of Sun Liren's American background and his performance in Myanmar that Americans appreciate him quite a bit. They really thought about helping Sun Liren on horseback to replace *******. In this way, how could Mr. Jiang trust Sun Liren? At the beginning of the civil war in history, it was because Sun Liren's prestige was there and he had to "reuse" it, but once Sun Liren's performance in the Northeast was not so good (for many reasons), he immediately removed him in the name of being unable to fight.
In this time and space, the American consultant did suggest that ******* hand over the New First Army and the New Sixth Army to Sun Liren to command, but how dare Mr. Jiang agree? The two main aces were handed over to an outsider. With Jiang's personality, he still had enough sleep to sleep this night?
In fact, Sun Liren is not the most famous in the Expeditionary Force system. In this system, Sun Liren is not actually the commander-in-chief. He is just the commander of the New First Army, and there are many people at the same level as him. For example, Liao Yaoxiang, who is stationed in the Indian Army system, is the commander of the New Sixth Army, and the first commander of the New First Army was not Sun Liren. Back then, he was the commander of the New 38th Division, and the commander on it was Zheng Dongguo (the more interesting thing is that whether it is Liao Yaoxiang or Zheng Dongguo, they are all from Hunan, and they really can't form an army without Hunan).
The reason why Sun Liren's reputation was much greater than the two above was actually to put it bluntly because of his American background. As the mainstay of World War II, the United States is naturally much more persuasive. Americans like him and praise him, so naturally there are many more people who buy it... (To be continued.)
Chapter completed!