222 Guided weapons
The so-called advanced research work has actually begun, but it has been the personal behavior of Nokia before, or it is simply a certain immortal who uses his own small treasury to support it. As we all know, although the small treasury of a certain immortal has a lot of real money, it cannot support large-scale investment. It is a radar, a helicopter, and also a diesel engine, as well as solve various metallurgical and mechanical processing problems.
I really don’t have enough funds to invest in the guidance weapons project, so throughout the 1930s, Nokia’s guidance weapons project was actually in a low-speed pre-research state, which basically solved theoretical problems and has not yet involved in industrial applications.
Of course, theoretical breakthroughs are not easy. For example, Nokia has made certain breakthroughs in radio command guidance and television guidance. Especially after cooperating with the United States in the 1930s, it also pierced the window paper in radio driving guidance. What is lacking now is capital investment for large-scale experiments.
Li Xiaofeng proposed to develop guided weapons, which made the Air Force a little embarrassed, because it is now in a wartime state, and all weapons research and development and manufacturing must be focused on winning the war. In Alxnis's view, what the Red Army lacks now is not one or two new weapons, but mass production of mature weapons and equipment.
Alqueznis hopes to use the funds to improve and produce existing models, and is not keen on launching new high-tech weapons.
"Comrade Andre, our army is now facing a severe task of changing clothes, and valuable scientific research resources can only be tilted towards existing mature equipment. Should you wait for the new weapons you mentioned?"
But Li Xiaofeng could not wait, and said flatly: "I have no objection to the tilt of existing resources towards mature equipment, but I ask you, the Air Force has not invested any funds in new projects? How much resources can the improvement of existing equipment such as Jacques-3, Jacques-7, Lager-5, and Ti-3, Pe-8 consume? If it doesn't work, some projects will be cut off, such as Jacques 7. Do you consider doing your old job? Just make a trainer?"
Alqueznis was bitter, to be honest, the Air Force has indeed many existing improvement projects, which looks a bit too messy. For example, the fighter project includes two series of Jacques, one series of Rag, Petlyakov's Pe-2 and new interceptor projects, a total of 5.
Maybe in the eyes of outsiders, one or two can be cut off! For example, the Jacques-7, or the new interceptor, these are all necessary!
But Alqueznis knew that none of these five items could be cut. Why? For example, Jacques-7. It seems that after Jacques-3 and Lager 5 formed a high and low combination, Jacques-7 seemed to have no need to exist. But it was definitely not the case. The Red Army's fighter sequence was not a high and low combination, but three high and medium and low grades, the high-end Jacques-3, the mid-range Lager 5 and the resisting Jacques-7.
The Jacques-3 has powerful performance, but is extremely costly, and has quite high requirements for the engine. In the long run, the production capacity is probably limited. Therefore, the mid-range solid-skinned Rag series needs to fill the gap. As for the Jacques-7, this is a model that connects the transition between advanced trainers and low-end fighters. To be honest, it has to undertake a considerable number of training tasks for junior fighters, which is also essential.
These three models cannot be cut. Then cut the depth-improved model of the new interceptor or the PE-2? I'm afraid this is not possible, because the new interceptor is the aircraft that the newly established National Land Defense Air Force calls for. The National Land Defense Air Force has had enough of the MiG-3, which is difficult to fly, and strongly demands the development of a new interceptor.
The factional dispute within the Air Force has been mentioned before. Li Xiaofeng fought and resolved the conflict, but the National Land and Air Defense Force is probably still watching the follow-up actions of a certain immortal to see if someone is really improving the status of the National Land and Air Defense Department. The new interceptor is undoubtedly the focus of their attention. Once their wishes cannot be met, will the conflict still break out?
Anyway, Alxnis cannot agree to cut off the interceptor project. Not only can it not cut, but it must also give priority to investing. I'm afraid Li Xiaofeng also agreed with this. It seems that the depth improvement of the Pe-2 cannot escape the disaster?
Otherwise, the Pe-2 is the only twin-engine heavy fighter of the Red Air Force at present, and it has an irreplaceable role in long-range escort and night interception. Both the Military Commission and the National Air Defense Force strongly require in-depth improvement of the Pe-2. Install radar for it and replace it with more power engines. If possible, it is best to increase the fuel tank. Anyway, the Pe-2 cannot move!
If the fighter project cannot move, then it will be activated or attack aircraft? I'm afraid it's not that easy. There are four bomber projects that keep developing, namely PE-8, PI-3, PI-2 and Il-4.
Needless to say, PE-8, Title-3, this is Alxnis's heart and soul, and it is impossible to move. Title-2 and Il-4 are the only two easy-to-use medium-sized bombers in the Red Army. After the SB series is discontinued, it is impossible to stop these two series.
As for the attack aircraft, hehe, whether it is Il-2 or Su-1/2, it is Tukhachevsky's heart. No one wants to move, otherwise Tukhachevsky will have to go crazy.
In addition to these, there are only transport aircraft, but there are only a few projects of transport aircraft. The Li-2 and An-5 are still rare. The Military Commission also instructed that it is necessary to develop larger transport aircraft, so how can it be moved?
From this we can see that Alxnis is indeed in a very difficult situation. No project can be moved. After bargaining with a certain immortal, he could only bear the pain to cut off the project that introduced the B-24. Yes, the Air Force was quite interested in the B-24 before. This sturdy four-engine long-range bomber is very good at the Air Force. Compared with the B17, its range is almost one-third more than a third, and the range of 5,000 kilometers is exciting to Alxnis.
At this time, the Americans also agreed to sell the b-24. Anyway, the two sides were about to sign a contract. Now that a certain immortal has to make trouble, the b-24 project will be completely ruined, most of it will die.
"The contract is signed in two parts, and we will introduce part of it first. Well, about 12 aircraft are enough for you to survey and map and copy it, right?" Li Xiaofeng taught repeatedly.
Alxnis was so amused and laughed: "But the Americans won't sell 12 aircraft! At least 50 aircraft will be sold..."
Li Xiaofeng interrupted him again: "Fifty aircraft, right? It's very simple! You give the Americans an order of 12 aircraft first, and then tell them. We are short of funds and can't afford that much money for the time being. You can sign a subsequent intention contract of 38 aircraft. You can execute it when the funds are sufficient!"
Alxnis's mouth was twitching, based on his understanding of someone. The so-called intention order must be nonsense.
Li Xiaofeng replied seriously: "Don't be nonsense. Our purpose is to survey and map imitate. Why do we buy so many? Foreign exchange is very nervous now!"
"But Americans are not stupid either! They can see through..."
Before Alxnis finished speaking, Li Xiaofeng interrupted again: "So you have to pretend to be a little bit like that. You must make Americans think that you are really short of funds for a while, and you will immediately throw out a lot of orders when you have money. Well, you can pay a deposit in moderation, and you must act like that!"
When he met a hooligan, Alxnis was really out of temper. He could only smile bitterly and said, "I'll try my best!"
However, Li Xiaofeng replied seriously: "It's not about trying, but if the Air Force wants to introduce the B-24, you must deceive the Americans, otherwise I will save you the money for those 12 aircraft!"
A certain immortal said this, and Alxnis naturally had to sacrifice his skills. I hope his acting skills would deceive the Americans. Then again, the b-24 is indeed a good aircraft, and the introduction of which can indeed improve the Red Army's long-range bombing capabilities. Compared with guided weapons, it may have a greater effect at present.
So why is Li Xiaofeng not very interested in the B-24? The reason is very simple. First of all, the Red Army already has the Pe-8, and the range is even longer than the B-24. In terms of long-range bombing and patrol, it can be made up for the time being. Improving the Pe-8 can also achieve the same effect, and the Pe-8 is its own aircraft after all, and it is easy to modify.
In addition, although the b-24 is good, it is also a very difficult aircraft to fly. It will take at least one year from introduction to production to training pilots, right? Will the Red Army still lack long-range bombers in a year? I'm afraid it may not be necessary, and with the birth of the b-29, the significance of the b-24 will be greatly reduced. Anyway, there is still a chance to imitate the b-29 later, so why do I imitate the worse b-24?
In Li Xiaofeng's opinion, these valuable funds can be invested in the guidance weapon project. It takes one to two years to solve the problem, and in 1944, the Red Army will gain precise strike capabilities. Isn't this stronger?
Of course, Li Xiaofeng would not tell Alxnis these thoughts. The Air Force Marshal, who was obsessed with large long-range bombers, probably would not accept his opinion, so he would leave a little thought for the time being. However, the Air Force paid too little for the guided weapon project. Soon Li Xiaofeng found the Navy again and successfully convinced the Navy to pay a portion of the money.
Specifically, the guided weapon project is divided into three parts, among which the funds for the radar guided weapon project are the Navy. The Navy's interest in the radar guided anti-ship rocket outlined by a certain immortal was extraordinary, and he paid for it without saying a word.
This project eventually evolved into the first generation of anti-ship missiles of the Red Navy. In 1944, a P-1 anti-ship missile (NATO code-named SS-N-1) equipped with rocket engines using liquid fuel was successfully tested, and then equipped the Red Navy destroyers and cruisers at an extremely fast speed. At the end of World War II, it successfully sank several destroyers and cruisers of the Japanese Navy.
Of course, what we are focusing on now is not the P-1 anti-ship missile, but the TV-guided missile and radio-harness-guided missile in the Air Force's precision strike project. Among them, the former is the more successful, but in the early stages of research and development, the Air Force was more interested in the radio command-guided missile, the predecessor of the latter.
Why? Because the latter is simpler, at least the Red Air Force thought it was simpler. Let's put it this way, the principle of this missile originally envisioned by the Red Air Force was similar to the remote-controlled model aircraft in later generations. The bomb dropper visually locked the target and then attacked the target through the remote control. It is really simple!
However, during the research and development process, the Red Air Force soon discovered that this simple project actually had a low technical content. First of all, how to control missiles remotely is a big problem. The radio level back then was too inferior. A simple signal transmission made countless technical experts pull their hair.
At first, the experts were planning to use wires to transmit (the same as the Germans' ideas), but soon discovered that the missiles flying out easily could break the wires or be cut off by the propeller of the carrier. Moreover, this was in the calm flat flight experimental environment. In the real battlefield environment, the carrier and missiles were maneuvering at high speed. The wires could not hold on at all. Anyway, in the initial experiment, the wires were broken five times in ten times. The missiles that flew out often turned into monkeys, and once again they even flew back to shoot down the carrier.
Soon, the wired guidance plan was abandoned, and the Red Army began to strive to conquer the radio command equipment. It took countless money and a lot of time, and finally it was done.
At that time, the Air Force thought there was no problem now, but soon they found out that they were too happy. According to the Air Force's original idea, guidance was completely solved by the bomb dropper, which required the bomb dropper to accurately observe the target and the missile's every move. However, in actual combat, they soon discovered that this was impossible to do at all!
Why? It's very simple. Think about the view of the bomber's scope is so big. He has to lock the target and observe the missile. Is this reality in a battlefield environment? If he makes a little maneuver or encounters airflow, he may lose the trace of the missile. What should he talk about at that time?
So the Russians began to think of ways again. Since it is unrealistic for one person to observe both the target and the missile, then we will divide this work to two people. It should be fine for the two people to cooperate? But soon this idea was denied again because there is no way to cooperate! Those who observe the missile cannot see the target, and those who observe the target cannot see the missile. Cooperate with each other!
After some thought, the Russians decisively gave up the visual guidance plan and replaced it with radio beam guidance. It was very simple. Install a guided radar for the bomber. After the bomber visually discovered the target, the radar aimed at the target to launch radio waves. The missile was equipped with a radar wave receiving antenna and then flew in the direction of the onboard radar radio waves. This would allow accurate guidance!
It should be said that this idea is very good, and it can be realized in engineering, and it is also simple. The bomb dropper is actually equivalent to doing a flashlight job, and the rest is left to the missile itself. It doesn’t require artificial control, so simple!
Is it simple? I'm afraid it's not simple at all. Why? The radar performance of that year was too poor. The aiming radar used by the Air Force is actually a by-product of the Navy's radar-guided missile project, which is a single-pulse radar with cone scanning constitution.
Let's put it this way. The beam centerline of this kind of radar (i.e. the strongest radiation direction of the beam) is at a certain angle to the antenna mechanical axis (i.e. the beam rotation axis). When the radar antenna rotates continuously, the beam rotates around the mechanical axis to form a cone.
As mentioned earlier, the Air Force's idea is that missiles fly in the direction of the beam. This creates a problem, that is, missiles do not fly in a straight line in the air, but circle with the beam, showing a spiral flight trajectory.
It is not a good thing for missiles to storm in the air, and it will directly affect the accuracy of the attack. And it is the lightest. Think about it, the carrier aircraft must also maneuver in the air, and the radar beam will naturally disturb. If you don’t do it properly, the missile will lose the beam, and naturally it will not be able to hit the target.
After a long experiment, the Air Force found that this radar guidance method was not unfeasible, but greatly restricted the maneuver of the carrier aircraft. Let's put it this way, unless the carrier aircraft is in a straight line, it is almost impossible for the missile to hit the target.
Do bombers dare to fly so steadily on the battlefield? It definitely won't work, it's equivalent to a living target. So this seemingly promising driving guidance plan was also abandoned. In desperation, the Air Force could only work towards the direction of television guidance.
The so-called TV guidance, simply put, is that the missile warhead is a camera that captures and aims at the target, and then transmits the target's image information back to the carrier, and is intuitively displayed in front of the bomber through the TV screen. The bomber only needs to control the missile to fly towards the target.
It looks simple, but in fact there are many difficulties. First of all, the performance of the "camera" in that year was very poor, and it is a question whether the target can be accurately identified in high altitude and high-speed flights.
Secondly, the images captured by the "camera" must be transmitted back to the carrier, which involves the issue of information transmission. As mentioned earlier, in that year, the radio industry was underdeveloped, and the technical requirements were very high to transmit the images back in a timely and accurate manner.
At the beginning, the Russians were stumped and were about to fool them with wired propagation, but soon found that the old problem that was prone to disconnection could not be solved. In desperation, they could only focus on the problem of research and experimentation. After a lot of research and experiments, in 1944, this extremely simple TV guided bomb was born.
To be honest, the performance of this missile was really not satisfactory at that time. The TV-guided seeker had a very low resolution. Anyway, the picture on the screen of the transporter was terrible, so blurred that it could only distinguish an approximate object (ten-meter meter), just like overexposed and the focal length was set incorrectly. Such "photos" cannot be guaranteed to be available at all times. From time to time, there is a snowflake on the screen. You have to control your hand to shake the antenna or hammer the screen before you can receive the signal again.
But no matter what, this is a good start. No matter how bad the signal is, in sunny weather, the bomber can launch an attack ten kilometers away, and the missile's attack accuracy can be controlled at about one hundred meters.
Perhaps in later generations, such accuracy was terrible, but in those days it was already an amazing achievement. Even if this first-generation television guided bomb could not accurately attack fixed targets and could not achieve fixed-point destruction, the Red Army replaced the warhead with cluster bombs or sub-compartment bullets, specifically used to strike and suppress the German anti-aircraft gun positions "outside the defense zone", clearing obstacles for the subsequent dive bombers to accurately dive bombs... (To be continued)
PS: Bow to thank the ss guard flag team, Hu Yan haha, drunk without maple, idle reading of the world, glorious charter and comrade Juventus!
Chapter completed!