Chapter 7 May Fourth Movement ()

Zeng Rang's personality was too open-minded and he would not consider the enjoyment of details in life. More of it was his own requirements. The strictness of this requirement once made many friends who knew him admire him like a grass and a big tree.

Yes, it’s just admiration. A person who seems to be insufficient for knowledge to describe it as fanaticism, even among the literati who has no literary first, there is also a lot of admiration for his behavior. Many people think that Zeng Rang is a loyal fan of knowledge saving the country. As long as he doesn’t work, he will take the books he will prepare to study in his pocket.

As for his age, he looked like he had just graduated from college, completed his family's engagement, and then went to a big city to find a job, becoming a member of the middle class. His monthly salary was not much, and he still had a few dozen yuan in a ocean; he should not live too elegantly, and a small courtyard in a quadrangle courtyard is good to clean up; this is a new group in the new society, only big cities have it.

Among them are university lecturers, professors; newspaper writers and editors; government staff, foreign companies in China, etc.

This constitutes a person who has new knowledge, lives a relatively stable life, and can have time to consider politics outside of life. The government is corrupt, the political system, and the unequal treaties imposed on the people of various powers, which makes them distressed. After they are distressed, they reflect on what the country’s way out and the nation’s way out?

From 1914 to 1918, this war in Europe was not so much a world war as a war of orderly division between the great powers. Weak countries participated in the war, and even if they were defeated, they could not see the dawn of victory. The Beiyang government sent 50,000 workers to participate in the European war, but when the news of Germany's surrender came to Beijing, another bad news also followed. Japan occupied Germany's interests in China and announced the full takeover of Shandong as its sphere of influence.

When the news came out, the whole country was in an uproar.

Students strike one after another, workers shut down their work and closed their factories, and the May Fourth Patriotic Movement finally broke out on this day.

The anger of the people was not just for the failure of the Peace Conference in Paris, but for the failure of the country over the past eighty years. Since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have been defeated repeatedly and repeatedly, and they have been forced to start the war, so that the morale of the army and the people have exhausted their patience.

In 1917, the October Revolution in Russia broke out, and the Tsarist Russia was dragged down by war. Finally, it collapsed in a burst of revolutionary artillery fire. A huge empire in the northernmost part of the Eurasian continent disappeared into the long river of history. What replaced him was a brand new country, Soviet Russia and the emergence of socialist countries did not make the Chinese people feel much favorable to this greedy country.

Rather, the Chinese people at that time had no idea what socialism was. For more than a year, the people were still working hard for the survival of the country and the survival of the nation, but found that the polar bear had been completely renewed and turned into a "savior" with a warm face.

On July 25, 1918, the Soviet Union issued the "Declaration of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic against the Chinese People and the North-South Government of China."

The declaration points out that the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic should not only help the working class in its own country, but also help the Chinese people.

"Now I would like to advise the Chinese people: the Soviet government has abolished all secret treaties signed by Tsarist Russia with China, Japan, and the Allied Powers, abandoned the land obtained by the Tsarist government from Northeast China and other places by invasion, abolished the consular power and concessions of Tsarist Russia in China, abandoned the Russian part of the Boxer Indemnity, abandoned all privileges of Tsarist Russia on the Middle East Railway, and abandoned all trade stations of Russian merchants in China. If the Chinese people are willing to gain freedom like the Russian people, and are willing to get rid of the fate arranged by the Allied Powers in Versailles, and not become the second North Korea or the second India, then please ask the Chinese people to understand that in the struggle for freedom, the only allies and brothers are Russian workers, peasants and their Red Army. The declaration finally recommends that the Chinese people establish formal relations with the Soviet government immediately through their own government, and send their own representatives to meet with the Red Army."

Once this news was released, it achieved great results. The young intellectuals who were struggling to find a way to save the country finally discovered that their ideal of saving the country was not far away from them, just in the north.

But some people also proposed that this statement is useless. First of all, the other party wants to give up their interests in China with Japan, Britain and other countries, not to give up alone. That is to say, after they fulfilled their great image, they did not forget to disgust the British and their lackeys in Asia - the Japanese. This is a superb political art and cannot be said to be selfless. Moreover, after the Russian Revolution, the international situation changed and was invisibly surrounded by hostile countries. Even food cannot be guaranteed in China. At this time, showing goodwill to a big country with a population of 400 million and gaining their favor is just to give themselves a chance to breathe.

The opposition was too powerless. Perhaps the people didn't care about the country at all. They just wanted to hear good news, a good news at the national level. For a country that the government had never received internationally for nearly a hundred years, this statement from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union hit the numb heart of the people and found that they also had the courage to fight to death for the country, the people, and the future of the nation, but after the blood was cold, they were forgotten by them.

On May 4, more than 3,000 students in Beijing gathered in front of the **, shouting slogans, first went to Dongjiaomin Lane, and then went to Zhaojialou Hutong to hold a demonstration. As a result, Cao Rulin's residence in Zhaojialou was burned and Zhang Zongxiang was beaten. The Beijing government sent military and police to suppress it and arrested 32 students. That night, Qian Nengxun convened an emergency cabinet meeting in his private home to discuss ways to deal with the students.

On May 5, Beijing secondary schools and above implemented a general strike. The next day, the Student Federation was established.

On May 5 and 6, the Beijing General Chamber of Commerce held an emergency meeting on the arrest of students and decided to sponsor students with strength.

On May 6, the Guizhou Provincial Assembly called for the traitor to be sentenced to the death.

On May 7, the patriotic movement quickly expanded to various places. Shanghai then held a National Congress in Japan. Cities such as Tianjin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Changsha, Jilin, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Nanchang and other cities also gathered to support Beijing's patriotic students. In addition, Chinese students studying in Tokyo also gathered in Japan to submit letters to the embassies of Britain, the United States, France, Russia and Italy, demanding that Jiaozhou Bay be directly returned to China. Japanese police stepped forward to suppress the students, and many students were arrested and injured.

On that day, it was initiated by the Beijing Women's Teachers. Representatives from various girls' schools in Beijing gathered to discuss ways to save the country. In addition to the power generation, a notice was issued, calling on the women's compatriots across the country to rise up to save the country.

On that day, the Beijing government was forced to release all the arrested students under public pressure.

On that day, Guo Qinguang vomited blood and died.

On May 8, the Beijing government issued another order to suppress the student movement.

Cai Yuanpei resigned on May 9. On May 13, the principals of various colleges in Beijing all resigned, striving to keep Cai.

On that day, some members of the Beijing Parliament impeached Cao Rulin. A memorial meeting for the founding of Chinese people in Nanjing, Wuxi, Songjiang, Lanling and Paris. Student marches occurred in Suzhou, Jiaxing, Jiading and other places.

The Shanghai Student Federation was established on May 11.

Tens of thousands of Shandong workers traveling to Beijing in Japan gathered in the wilderness outside Zhangyi Gate, asking Shandong to negotiate without signing.

On the evening of that day, Fu Zengxiang, the president of Education, resigned and left Beijing.

In that day, the two circles of scholars and business gathered in Wuhan to discuss ways to support the May Fourth Movement in Beijing. Students marched in Nanchang, Hangzhou and other places, and national conferences were held in Guangzhou, Jilin and other places.

On May 12, the academic community in Jining, Shandong launched a patriotic activity and established a Federation of Academic Circles today.

On May 13, the peace talks between the north and the south broke down again. Today, representatives of the peace talks between the north and the south proposed to resign.

On that day, students from various schools in Kaifeng held a joint meeting.

Tianjin Student Federation was officially established on May 14.

On that day, Shanghai rickshaw workers refused to hire Japanese people to take vehicles. They started from Wusong Road today and had spread throughout the city by the end of the month.

The monthly magazine "New China" was founded in Beijing on May 15. Volume 1, No. 8, published on December 15 of the same year, contains part of Lenin's translation of "The Tasks of the Russian Party and the Proletariat" (translated by Zheng Zhenduo).

On that day, Yantai students parade.

On May 16, all parts of Shandong boycotted Japanese goods. Xiamen students marched.

On May 17, students marched in Hefei, Zhangzhou and other places. The Wuhan Student Federation was established. On the 18th, more than 3,000 students from various schools in Wuhan gathered and marched.

On May 18, more than 5,000 students in Beijing held a conference to mourn Guo Qinguang, students parade in Anqing, Huai'an, Nantong and other places.

On May 19, students from all 18 schools in Beijing had to strike again. The next day, students from all middle schools also had to strike. Students from the strike formed a volunteer team for students to protect Lu.

On May 20, Sun Yat-sen's book "Theory of Sun Wen" was published.

On that day, business communities in Beijing, Wuhan and other places decided to boycott Japanese goods.

On May 21, Shanghai Newspaper published a telegram from 10,080 soldiers of the Shandong 5th Division to remind compatriots across the country, calling on the whole country to unite in fighting foreign aggression and eliminate traitors quickly.

On that day, Xu Shichang was dismissed from Li Changtai's commander of the Infantry Army and ordered Wang Huaiqing to be appointed as the acting (on July 31, officially appointed Wang as the commander of the Infantry Army).

On May 23, Jinan secondary schools were on strike.

On that day, the Beijing Police Department seized the magazine "May 7" of the Student Federation. On the 24th, the Beijing "Yi Shibao" was closed (for reprinting all soldiers of the Shandong 5th Division to complain to compatriots across the country) and arrested the editor-in-chief of the newspaper. On the 25th, the Beijing government strictly ordered the dissemination of leaflets, gathered crowds to march, and delivered speeches.

On May 24, all sectors of Yidu, Shandong held a National Congress with more than 9,500 urban and rural people participating. Baoding students strike.

The Tianjin Women's Patriotic Comrades Association was established on May 25.

On May 26, more than 20,000 students from secondary schools in Shanghai were on duty. One person was on duty to strike.

On May 27, 800 people from all girls' schools in Jinan held a joint meeting at the Women's Teachers' Storm Playground.

On May 28, Hunan Student Federation was established in Changsha. Suzhou students strike.

On May 29, students in Nanjing, Hangzhou, Anqing and other places went on strike.

On May 30, students in Fuzhou, Kaifeng, Nanchang, Ningbo and other places went on strike.

In this month, "New Youth" Volume 6, No. 5, namely "Marx Research No.", published Li Dazhao's "My View of Marxism" (actual publication time was September 1919).

...

As time entered 1920, among the suppressed patriotic young people, some of them had been released one after another, including Zhou Enlai, the Prime Minister of New China 30 years later.

On November 11, 1920, Zhou Enlai, who had just returned from Japan, embarked on a journey to France on the French cruise ship "Bordeaux" in Shanghai. There were more than 400 travelers, and from 1919 to this year, there were 17 batches of scholars who went to France to work and make money. Among them were Zhou Enlai, Cai Hesen, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Yannian, Wang Ruofei, Chen Yi, Li Fuchun, Nie Rongzhen, Xiang Jingyu, Cai Chang, Guo Longzhen, Li Weihan, Li Lisan, Xu Teli, Chen Qiaonian, Zhang Kundi, Luo Xuezan, He Changgong, Xiao San, Fu Zhong, Liu Bojian, Xiong Xiong, Xiao Pusheng, Li Zhuoran and others.
Chapter completed!