Chapter 64                          

After all, don’t look at the clerks who are all untouchables, but many of them are very rich.

It is easy to get money for the government’s food. It’s just that it has no social status.

There are quite a few clerks who actually want to get rid of their physical status, but there is nothing they can do. Now that they have a solution, they naturally want to fight and enter the officialdom.

In addition, Zhu Qizhen also ordered that these clerks be allowed to directly apply to schools in the capital, or recommended by local officials, and they could be transferred from clerks to clerks.

It's just that you must be transferred to another place to work.

Also, because the reform of clerks is so important, Zhu Qizhen reformed clerks and was in a trend of almost overlap with the Canal Economic Belt.

This is Zhu Qizhen’s strategic layout.

The economy of the Ming Dynasty was light in the north and heavy in the south.

Even though Zhu Qizhen has worked hard for so many years, it has not changed the situation. It is just that the two sides have a little balance.

The best economic zone in Beijing is the economic belt along the canal. Of course, the coastal ports are also developing a lot now. But they are still not as good as the south.

Zhu Qizhen wanted to use policy orientation to bring the north and south economy closer again.

After all, Beijing is in the north. The economy is the basis of politics, and economic imbalances are likely to affect Beijing's right to speak.

Zhu Qizhen issued an edict in the 32nd year of Zhengtong, and only these three.

It is not to say that Zhu Qizhen only has these three rules for reform and policy.

But this was something that Zhu Qizhen could pass after discussing with the cabinet. More things were not passed, and at least now there was no way to accept it for all parties to accept it.

Because Zhu Qizhen’s focus is on land issues.

If the amnesty order was just to push forward with the attitude that Taizu and Taizong had always adhered to, the ban order was to use a small knife to lightly make a small hole in the Ming system. The abolition of the clerk and the change of the official order was a surgery that was not big or small.

So the issue of land and field system is a major operation that concerns the life and death of the Ming Dynasty.

After all, the Ming Dynasty was an agricultural country. The most important thing was the agricultural issue. The most important issue in agriculture was the land issue.

This is the foundation of the entire Ming Dynasty.

A clearance made many people panic.

Not to mention, Zhu Qizhen wanted to make big moves.

But from Zhu Qizhen's perspective, he had no choice.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was a problem for the people to even leave their own counties and were bound to the land. Those who ignore the county boundaries are either scholars or officials or refugees.

Industrialization requires a large number of agricultural population to enter cities.

In fact, Jiangnan has developed handicrafts and there is also such a model.

Otherwise, how did Suzhou have more population than Beijing come from?

However, these populations from rural areas to cities were not under the control of the Ming Dynasty. This kind of urban development was also in a very disorderly state.

The situation in Shanghai before liberation can illustrate many problems.

Although there is no Qing Gang in Suzhou, there are also chamber pots that help people solve problems.

This is why Zhu Qizhen has gone back and forth to the point that he must abolish clerks. The degree of management of industrialized society and agriculturalized society is completely different.

Zhu Qizhen's purpose of the field reform was twofold. One was to free the people from personal constraints, to enter cities to work, and provide an industrialized population. The other was to find ways to reduce the burden on the people.

After all, the people of the Ming Dynasty were too hard overall.

However, these two requirements seem simple, but there are various problems to be solved.

The first thing that supports the operation of Daming’s grassroots is taxation.

Taxes are mainly summer and autumn grains, and taxes are mainly various labor services.

The basic unit for paying summer and autumn grain is Ding, and the basic unit for serving labor is Ding.

It is easy to say that the D tax itself is not too heavy, but there are too many labor and various things. The local officials must keep the people on the land.

Otherwise, who will serve the imperial court?

Although overall, the north is more important than the service and the south is more important than the grain. However, neither side wants the people to leave the land.

There is actually a way in history to make the people leave the land.

That is the one-whip method, which means ditching into a mu.

The tax on the tax is distributed in the land tax. From now on, the county will have to work hard and hire the people with money. All this is expensed from the tax.

People without land do not have to bear taxes or labor.

In this way, the county has no requirements for them, so there is naturally a possibility of free migration. There is no need to conceal the population.

It has reduced a lot of burden on the lower-level people.

With so many benefits, it is simply a field system that matches industrialization.

In this way, many surplus people can flock to the city.

However, there are quite a lot of difficulties here.

First and most importantly, someone always bears the burden on the court. The lowest-level landless people are much more relaxed. Please think about which side has increased the burden.

Of course, people with a lot of land.

Who are the people with a large amount of land? They were powerful people in the Ming Dynasty, and these people overlapped with many officials in the Ming Dynasty.

So, Zhu Qizhen now wants all officials to use this method and let them actively implement it. Is it possible?

Secondly, the one-whip method has its own disadvantages and is not very suitable for the whole country.

The most fundamental reform of the One Whip Law, from physical tax to monetary tax. However, the common people have food when growing food, but they have money where they have money. They have to sell it before they can get money.

This will be exploited by profiteers.

At the court level, does the Ming court need food? How is it possible that the Ming court has a lot of desire for food at all.

The demand is also very large.

Even though Hebei is now a granary, the grain output in the north is still not as good as the south. Therefore, the transportation of grain from the south to the north cannot be stopped. Moreover, large-scale transportation.

This may suppress Hebei's grain prices and suppress the enthusiasm of Hebei farmers to farm. However, it is very important to the country's strategic security.

If all the food is exchanged for money, use the money to sell it when needed.

Such a problem will arise.

Grain merchants do not do losses. They will never transport grain from far away and sell it to the government at a fair price. They will only do one thing, that is, start the price on the ground.

So invisibly, taxes changed from grain to silver, and then from silver to grain, and then with two discounts, the court got less and less.

Another problem is that it is that it is too poor to adapt to the one-whip method.

This place that is too poor actually refers to the north, especially the northwest.

The northwest agriculture has withered. Even if Yu Qian is committed to restoring it, the mess left for hundreds of years is not something Yu Qian can recover after more than ten years.

After all, Yu Qian is a human being, not a god.

The core of the One Whip Technique is actually to replace the service with silver, which has the legacy of Wang Anshi's exemption from service.

But for these poor people, it is actually no problem to let them work for the government for a few days. Anyway, the time of the poor is not valuable. Even if the county magistrate is soft-hearted, he may still be able to make some food in the government and save some food for his family.

But at this time, tell him. Let them hand over a little money and they won't be able to serve.

This is a whole worse for these people.

Where do they have money?

The grain output in the north is originally smaller than that in the south, and in some places in the northwest, only a few dou of grain can be earned by a mu of dry land. Compared with the average stone of one mu of land in the south of the Yangtze River, there are even paddy fields that are cultivated and carefully, which can reach between seven and ten stones.

It is several times the land output in the northwest.

Therefore, the northwest is suffering, and many people have used all their strength to make a living. They can no longer bear the burden.

This is also why Shaanxi rebelled first in the late Ming Dynasty.

Although it is due to severe droughts, there is also the reason for the one-whip method.

The One Whip Law is good and good in the south, but the Northwest is bad and bad in the daytime, and it is forced to live. If there is natural disaster or man-made disaster, you can only rebel.

These various problems really exist.

Zhu Qizhen actually did not mention a specific whip method. He just used Qiu Jun's idea of ​​using Ding to match the field, and made a little bit of it, just like poking a hornet's nest, and the whole court quarreled.
Chapter completed!