81 Chinese website.x8om choked and 1 treacherous

The issue of copper coins is now also placed in front of the Great Zhou Republic.

Although the Great Zhou Republic has determined the gold and silver standard and uses two silver coins "one tael of silver" and "one qian" as the benchmark currency, it is also preparing to mint "one liang of gold" as the benchmark currency for large-scale transactions.

However, copper coins are still the mainstream of small-scale transactions in the market. In the case of messy copper coins minting, the Dazhou Bank did not dare to announce the legal exchange rate between copper coins and one tael of silver. One tael of silver for 1,500 copper coins is just a rough exchange rate for the silver industry. During the implementation process, a lot of issues must be considered.

For example, the quality, the price of copper materials, etc. are very inconvenient!

Therefore, after successfully issuing "one tael of silver", "one coins" and bank coupons, minting a copper coin with reasonable value has become the next problem that Dazhou Bank needs to solve.

In addition, the news that the Song Dynasty's financial reform would implement the copper coin standard system also spread to the Great Zhou.

The dispute over currency issuance rights is a war without gunpowder that can determine the fortunes of the Great Zhou and Song Dynasties!

So Wu Haogu decided to take the lead in minting a new version of "bad coins"!

"Please look at the head of state, this is the sample coin of Tongbao of Republic."

A copper coin that was cast a little carelessly and had a slightly blurred handwriting was placed on the desk of Wu Haogu by Mu Gongyang, the new general manager of the Dazhou Bank.

"Is this money?" Wu Haogu picked up the lead coin and looked at it, "How much copper? How much lead?"

White coins are copper coins made of copper lead alloy. Because a certain amount of lead is added, they are relatively "soft" and have a white color.

However, because the price of lead is much lower than that of copper, the copper content can be adjusted to avoid "copper coins inverted", which will avoid ruining money and smelting copper.

There are two reasons for destroying money and smelting copper. One is that the demand for copper materials is strong. Because of the developed handicrafts in the Song Dynasty, there were many copper ware castings, and Buddhism flourished, and large castings of Buddha statues in temples caused high copper prices.

Second, the copper content of copper coins varies. The court sometimes minted bad coins, and then minded good coins. Naturally, the bad coins will not be used to smelite copper. For example, Sichuan iron coins cannot smelite copper, but too many bad coins will lower the value of good coins as currency.

Because the value of copper coins is very low, the content is usually not carefully tested during the circulation process. How can a transaction of one penny or two penny be tested again? Therefore, the value of bad coins in circulation is not much different from that of good coins.

In contrast, "one tael of silver" and "one qian" will inevitably be strictly tested during the circulation process because of their high value. Therefore, the circulation space of "counterfeit coins" and "bad coins" is much smaller, and it is not easy for bad coins to drive out good coins.

Good coins with a high copper content are not as valuable as currency as materials, and it is normal to be destroyed in large quantities.

In fact, all banks in the Great Zhou Kingdom have the business of destroying money and smelting copper. When they get to their hands, they will be melted into copper materials. This is a completely legal business.

Destroying money and smelting copper is determined by the market economy. It is impossible to ban it, and there is no need to ban it.

However, when it is profitable to destroy money and smelify copper, it is a bit brainless. The senior executives of Dazhou Bank are all experts who are proficient in business and money industry, and no one is brainless.

Therefore, the policy of "unified minting of bad money" that the treacherous minister of the Song Dynasty had to work hard to implement was natural for the Great Zhou side.

"Head of the People's Republic of China," Mu Gongyang replied, "This kind of Great Zhou Tongbao contains 50% copper and 50% lead. The value is similar to the white coins minted by the Song State, and the exchange price of one or two silver can be maintained at around 1,700 ci."

"How much can be cast?" Wu Haogu asked, "We have enough copper materials? Now there is a great demand for casting cannons in the army and navy!"

"Enough, enough." Pan Xingye, who had just been transferred to the shopkeeper of Tianjin Bank, came with Mu Gongyang today. When he heard Wu Haogu's question, he rushed to answer, "We have a lot of copper materials in our hands, because 90% of the Buddhist temples in Yan, Liao, Goryeo and other places have been closed in recent years, and a large number of bronze statues have been confiscated. As long as these bronze statues are melted, it will be enough to cast 200 billion white coins."

It’s really sad to say that the Liao Kingdom is obviously poor, but there are at least Buddha statues worth more than 10 million in the Buddhist temples everywhere!

And this huge sum of money that turned into Buddha statues has now become the spoils of the Great Zhou Republic, which believed in the Tianli religion. When these spoils are melted into "white coins", they will become ammunition for the Great Zhou to launch a "monetary war".

Pan Xingye said again: "As for casting cannons, it does not consume much copper. A 6-jin cannon only consumes a few hundred kilograms of copper, and a sapphire copper coin weighs 8 kilograms. A sapphire copper coins with a very good quality is enough to cast a 6-jin cannon. It only takes a million sapphire to cast a 10,000 6-jin cannon... Where can the army and navy use so many cannons?"

Wu Haogu picked up the copper coins, weighed them in his hand, and looked over and over again, "Call the Republic Tongbao will not affect its circulation in the Song Dynasty, right?"

Mu Gongyang said: "It shouldn't be possible. We don't have one or two coins circulated in the territory of Song State?"

"That's a silver coin," said Wu Haogu, "and this is a copper coin, it's a little different... What if it's cast into Zhenghe Tongbao?"

The Song Dynasty did not issue silver coins, and it seems that it will not be issued at present, so the merchants have no choice. The Song Dynasty court would not be so stupid as to issue an edict to prohibit merchants from accepting silver coins.

But copper coins are different, and Song coins are the mainstream after all. If the "Republican Tongbao" is discounted due to the interference of the Song Dynasty court, then the Dazhou Bank will lose money.

"Of course there is no problem in casting Zhenghe Tongbao," Mu Gongyang thought for a while, and then said, "But we have already minted a large amount of small flat coins to relieve the money shortage for the State of Song. Then, in the name of Zhenghe Tongbao, wouldn't it be helpful to the Bank of Song? Although mincing money is a bit small, the gains are very limited.

So the officials thought it would be better to cast the Republic Tongbao in the Ming Dynasty. So they used the Republic Tongbao to steal the limelight of the Song Dynasty's Xiaoping coins! Then they asked someone to publish an article in the newspapers of Kaifeng Prefecture, saying that the small flat coins we issued were inferior and of poor quality, which was a profitable businessman."

"Why do you say that?" Wu Haogu was a little strange. "Aren't you afraid that our small flat money will not be able to be paid?"

Mu Gongyang smiled and said, "The head of state, the following officials understand the civil officials of the Song State. They will definitely force the Song Bank to issue copper coins with better quality than the Republican Tongbao."

"It's possible," Wu Haogu nodded and smiled, "Those civil officials are willing to sacrifice their face... We want to issue 50% of the small flat money for copper, and they will issue at least 70% of the small flat money for copper."

Mu Gongyang sneered: "Then we will push up the copper price! Let the Song money with better quality be withdrawn from the market."

"But how to raise the price of copper?" Wu Haogu asked interested.

Pan Xingye took over the question and said: "The Head of State is sure to push up the copper price significantly!"

He called himself "the lower class" because he has no official status now! The "official" of Zhou State is not very valuable, but the valuable one is the citizen level. Pan Xingye is a noble citizen, and the general manager of the Dazhou Bank he had served as the former was a government official. After leaving office, he had no official status. The Tianjin Bank where he is now serving is a commercial bank, and the shopkeeper has no official status either.

Although he has no official status, the annual income of the shopkeeper of the Tianjin Bank is that the general manager of the Dazhou Bank cannot compare with that of the general manager of the Dazhou Bank. The salary of the republican government is only 300 silver coins per month, and 3,600 silver coins a year are referred to as "blocks". The income is not low, but it is not a "working emperor".

And he kept a watch on the Senate and newspapers all day long, and the banking system of Dazhou was strict and there was no place to make money.

The shopkeeper of Tianjin Bank receives annual salary plus commission, which is a small amount of 100,000 yuan a year!

That is why the noble citizen Pan Xingye went from being the headmaster of Dazhou Bank to becoming the shopkeeper of Tianjin Bank.

Mu Gongyang, who took over, was in charge of Wanjia Real Estate business in Kaifeng Prefecture for many years, had already made a lot of money! After returning to Tianjin, he returned to the political arena and worked in Dazhou Bank. He became the chief manager after Pan Xingye left!

This kind of jumping around in the political and business circles seemed incredible to the Song State, but it was common in the Zhou State.

After resigning to Wu Haogu, the rational boss Li Gang was appointed as the chief manager of Liaodong Bank and the president of Yanshan University. He officially took office after his father Li Kui retired and settled in Jingdong Shang City. He is now the official in charge of Yanshan Prefecture.

Let’s talk about the “working emperor” Pan Xingye. He said that a real financial expert is accompanied by a group of top students from Yuntai Academy Business School, so of course there is a way to manipulate the copper price.

His method of manipulating copper prices is also very "modern", which is to use brass futures from Christie's Trading. The concept of futures must have existed in the Tang Dynasty. Nie Yizhong's Yongtian family had a poem "Selling new silk in February and storing new valleys in May", which describes futures trading?

By the Song Dynasty, business prosperity had reached several levels, and futures trading became more common. However, combining futures trading with commodities and Christie's singing and selling houses was Su Dalang's work.

When he was hosting the Republican Tour in Kaifeng Prefecture, he built Christie's under the Republic of China into a singing and selling house similar to the exchange.

When Wu Haogu divided Yan land, Christie's Tianjin Exchange was officially established. Christie's Sings and Exchanges were officially split.

The main trading items listed on Christie's Tianjin Exchange are Song Dynasty commodities, such as flour, brass, charcoal, wood, cotton, wool, cowhide, sheepskin, pig iron, etc. There are not only spot trading, but also futures trading.

The futures and spot trading situations of Christie's Tianjin Exchange will be reported to JD.com in the shortest time, becoming an important basis for the pricing of the Song Dynasty commodities in JD.com.
Chapter completed!