Zhu Youxiao, who decided to develop heavy industry to adjust the northern economy, thought of naturally mining and steel smelting. Northern steel smelting is obviously more advantageous.&1t;/p>

As a science researcher, although he is not professional in steel smelting, steel smelting is nothing more than a chemical reaction problem and temperature problem. Basically, the principle of blast furnace iron smelting is very simple, and Zhu You still knows how to proofread the structure of the blast furnace.&1t;/p>

Soon Zhu Youxiao drew out the blast furnace drawing in detail, but there was no steam engine for blowing the blast furnace these days, so the blast furnace could not be made too large.&1t;/p>

In order to explore technology, Zhu Youxiao did not think about building a large amount. He planned to build a small blast furnace first and explore the technology first.&1t;/p>

At the same time, there are coking and heat storage technology. Zhu Youxiao decided to use the soil method to make coking first, and it doesn't matter if the pollution is too high. It doesn't matter whether the heat storage chamber has a temporary condition. The blast furnace can also be produced with cold air, but the efficiency of using hot air is higher. Moreover, with the heat storage chamber, it has the foundation for laying out the steel of the flat furnace, so the heat storage chamber also needs to be studied.&1t;/p>

With blast furnaces, the production cost of pig iron can exceed that of private steel mills.&1t;/p>

To develop industry, focus on degree.&1t;/p>

Without further ado, Zhu Youxiao immediately ran to the Royal Military Factory, specially set a piece of land out on the side, and began to supervise the blast furnace personally.&1t;/p>

The Royal Military Factory originally selected a site in the suburbs, and it was very convenient to have all the surrounding land. At the same time, a batch of furnace kilns were built for coking. This kind of earthen kiln was extremely simple to build. Under the condition that the air was not isolated in the furnace, the ignition hole of the furnace edge wall was manually ignited, and the coking coal piled in the kiln was ignited. This process lasted for 8 to 11 days. When the coke matured, water was poured from the manual ignition hole to quench, cold furnace, and scorch.&1t;/p>

This is the soil coking method. The disadvantages are obvious. The pollution is relatively large, the cycle is relatively long, and the coal consumption is relatively high. The advantage is more obvious, that is, the production technology is extremely simple.&1t;/p>

The emperor suddenly wanted to smelite and coking, and lived in a military factory all day long. Soon the military factory became tightly guarded.&1t;/p>

After a few days of work, Zhu Youxiao is now working on his own to show his skills. It is a bit too cumbersome. After all, there are too many technologies to show.&1t;/p>

The idea of ​​cultivating talents emerged again.&1t;/p>

So Zhu Youjiao immediately issued an order to establish the "Royal Institute of Science and Technology" and posted recruitment notices in northern provinces. Students over 15 years old and under 30 years old can register for the admission examination of the Royal Institute of Science and Technology. After admission, the college will exempt tuition fees and give one or two taels of silver as a subsidy every month. The first term recruits 30 people.&1t;/p>

The development of heavy industry naturally requires a large number of talents. Xu Guangqi and other groups were the first to come into contact with Western mathematics. Mechanical people are indeed talents, but in theory they are relatively low-level. It is better to train a large number of talents again. In order to cultivate talents, Zhu Youzhao began to write mathematics, physics and chemistry textbooks.&1t;/p>

These textbooks are definitely powerful tools that have surpassed the world for hundreds of years. As long as these textbooks are used to cultivate a group of talents, it is very simple to create an industrial revolution.&1t;/p>

Zhu Youzhao handed over the enrollment work to the Jinyiwei. The requirements for this enrollment are relatively strict. They must be "right and beautiful". They only recruit poor families. All those with wealthy families are not allowed, and those with large clan backgrounds are not allowed. Because when these groups face problems, they often take the lead in considering their own interests. Even if they don't want them, they are likely to be swept by the clan and family forces and cannot put national interests first.&1t;/p>

In terms of admissions test questions, there are some arithmetic questions. The questions are very layered, with low difficulty and high difficulty. You can well see the level of a candidate.&1t;/p>

Xu Guangqi heard that the emperor was studying iron smelting in a military factory, so he hurriedly came to join in the fun. The salt industry company had organized a large number of stoves to reclaim salt fields on the mudflats in the Bohai Bay. Xu Guangqi had solved the technical problems, and there was a forest lift in management.&1t;/p>

The same is true for the agricultural company. Xu Guangqi has demonstrated how to repair water conservancy and plant land, and the company's technicians have basically mastered it.&1t;/p>

When he arrived at the military factory, Xu Guangqi started the emperor.&1t;/p>

At this time, Zhu Youxiao was editing mathematics, physics and chemistry textbooks, and taught Xu Guangqi some chemistry things.&1t;/p>

Most of the iron in nature exists in iron ore in the form of iron oxides. Blast furnace iron smelting is to extract iron from iron ore by reducing.&1t;/p>

&1t;/p>

This reduction process has chemical formulas. The blast furnace body is a countercurrent chemical reactor, which mainly functions to melt solid furnace materials such as coke, iron ore and flux into molten iron at high temperature. During production, iron ore (including sintered ore, pellet ore, block ore, etc.), fuel (mainly coke) and flux (limestone, dolomite, silica, manganese ore, etc.), and hot air is sucked from the air outlet at the lower part of the blast furnace. Coke and combustible sprays (such as heavy oil,

Coal powder, etc.) combustion generates carbon monoxide, hydrogen and solid carbon, which captures the oxygen in the iron ore, thereby obtaining iron. This process is called the reduction process. The reduced iron is released from the iron outlet. The impurities in the iron ore and coke are combined with the flux added to the furnace to form slag and are brought out from the slag outlet. The gas generated during the reduction process is derived from the furnace. After dust removal treatment, it is supplied with heating air furnace, converter, coke oven, heating furnace, etc. for fuel.&1t;/p>

The structure of the entire blast furnace is actually very simple. The blast furnace built by Zhu Youxiao this time is a small blast furnace, designed to be 50 cubic meters, which can be said to be very small, but the project volume is not large. At the same time, it was equipped with three heat storage chambers. Zhu Youxiao tried to build a very small experiment at the beginning, and the result was unexpectedly smooth. He equipped the blast furnace with three heat storage chambers in accordance with the appearance, and took turns to supply air to the blast furnace.&1t;/p>

In fact, cold air is also possible, but the reaction time is longer, the production efficiency is lower, and the quality of pig iron is not that good.&1t;/p>

Xu Guangqi plunged into chemistry, as if he had found a treasure, and he studied hard enough to almost forget to eat and sleep.&1t;/p>

Xu Guangqi also brought Zhu Youxiao a relatively detailed information on private steel smelting technology.&1t;/p>

"Almost all the best steel in the Ming Dynasty came from the south. Because the charcoal required for smelting in the north could not be guaranteed, it could only be smelted with coal, but the pig iron smelted was of poor quality. If the guns and cannons were made from northern steel, it would be very easy to explode." The phenomenon Xu Guangqi said was extremely strange at first glance, but the reality was like this.&1t;/p>

The use of coal to smelter steel in the north is not a technological advance, but a forced one. Because the forest resources in the north have been destroyed in large quantities, many places have been cut off and the forest coverage rate may not be as good as China in the 21st century. After all, people in these days mostly use wood to cook and heat, and smelting also uses wood. After cutting down, they do not plant trees, resulting in the mountains in large areas of the north being bare.&1t;/p>

Without charcoal, you can only use coal. At first glance, there is indeed technological progress, but under the influence of China's high phosphorus and high sulfur content, the quality of iron products has deteriorated sharply. In terms of guns and cannons, iron pipes with too much sulfur are prone to explode and cannot guarantee the safety of shooters. This is also an important factor in the fact that Chinese artillery lags behind the West.&1t;/p>

So much so that almost all the steel used in the Royal Military Factory was purchased from the south, and pig iron smelted with charcoal.&1t;/p>

China's pig iron production is technologically ahead of Europeans, and Europeans only surpassed China in the 18th century. However, China's iron ore resources are poor and there are many messy impurities, which is not as good as Europeans' development environment.&1t;/p>

In terms of steel production, China and Europe were unable to produce molten steel directly. At this time, China had crucible smelting technology, but it was not used for steelmaking, but the "square furnace" used for ironmaking uses crucible technology, which is semi-open and the temperature is not high enough.&1t;/p>

If you cannot obtain the molten steel directly, you cannot accurately grasp the proportion of various elements in the steel, which will lead to the fact that the quality of the steel is not too stable, the efficiency is too low, and the cost will naturally be increased.&1t;/p>

Technically speaking, compared with the official steel plants in the early Ming Dynasty, the technology of private steel plants has made great progress, thus gaining an advantage in cost and gaining stronger competitiveness through market prices. Only when the official steel plants are replaced by private ones.&1t;/p>

As long as blast furnace ironmaking technology can be successfully tested, the official steel plant will be able to technically oppose private steel plant, and it will give a big advantage.&1t;/p>&1t;/p>
Chapter completed!