"Everyone, the Japanese Marquis will explain to you a different science course. This is a completely different scientific theory called chemistry..."

Chen Xu used chalk to write the word chemistry on the blackboard.

"The so-called chemistry is the science of change. Its essence is still a scientific category, but it is different from the theory of investigating things. Chemistry studies some microscopic natural changes that are invisible to the naked eye. These changes occur every day in daily life. As long as you observe carefully, you can see them everywhere. Chemistry and medicine are the most closely connected. Therefore, this Hou specially invited many famous medical scholars to come and observe, hoping to take this opportunity to let everyone learn scientific experimental methods to study drugs and discover phenomena that are difficult to explain by using the yin and yang and the five elements of Huang Lao theory..."

"The essence of chemistry is not magic or magic, but it is another way to the great way. Therefore, I hope that after listening to this lecture, you can study and summarize the rules in depth, and then apply these theories to practice and apply them to our daily lives. As the saying goes, hearing is false and seeing is true. Below, I will demonstrate the simplest chemical reaction to you first. This chemical reaction has been done once in the laboratory last time, and some people have seen it..."

Chen Xu said, and asked a lab-based alchemist to light the alcohol lamp, then he made some blue alum powder and put it into a glass test tube, added it with a clip, and then put it under the alcohol lamp to roast it.

The burning of alcohol lamps is slightly unstable and the color is a bit yellow. The main reason is that the wicks are usually made of cotton wicks. However, Daqin does not know what cotton is, so he can only be made of velvet. Therefore, the wicks made are not smooth when burning, but they do not have much impact on the simple experiments at present.

Thousands of people in the classroom and corridor were densely packed with breaths and staring at the test tubes on the alcohol lamp. As the continuous burning and heating were continued, the blue powder inside the test tubes slowly faded and turned white after a few minutes.

Chen Xu capped the cap of the alcohol lamp and raised the test tube with a clip and said, "You can see that after heating, the blue alum has turned white. That is because the alum contains water. When heated, the water is decomposed and evaporated. If you don't believe it, I will pour it into the water..."

While speaking, Chen Xu used another test tube to fill a small amount of water, and then poured the white powder in the test tube into it. After shaking it gently, the water in the test tube soon turned blue.

"Next, I will demonstrate another test to you..." Chen Xu inserted the test tube containing blue copper sulfate solution on the test tube rack, then picked up another empty test tube, dripped half of the tube into it and fixed it on the bracket, and then clamped a very thin piece of iron wire. "Everyone, this test tube is not filled with water, but another toxic acid substance called sulfuric acid. If I say that I will slowly disappear after putting this thin iron wire in, do you believe it?"

"Marty, iron is so hard that it will only rust when exposed to water, but I have never heard of it that it can disappear out of thin air!" A craftsman of the Academy of Sciences stood up and said.

"Mr. Marquis said that it was poisonous water, so it could naturally poison the iron!" A hard-core supporter of Chen Xu retorted.

"There is no such thing as toxicity in chemistry, but iron can be corroded by this acid to turn into another substance. Please see..." Chen Xu threw a small piece of iron wire into the test tube. The rows of people sitting near the front could immediately clearly see that slight bubbles began to appear in the test tube, and the liquid inside began to turn yellow.

During the reaction of iron and dilute sulfuric acid, Chen Xu lit a match near the test tube mouth. With a slight crackle, a bright flame exploded at the test tube mouth. This movement shocked everyone for a while.

"You all thought that air was nothing, but in fact, I mentioned in my lecture at the Institute of Technology that air is not really empty, but has many components, such as water vapor, but we just can't see or touch it. Moreover, air is as heavy as water and can also produce pressure. The phenomenon we have just seen is that when iron reacts with this acid, a gas is released. This gas is very light and easy to burn, and it will explode when it encounters fire. Therefore, this man called this gas hydrogen..."

After a few minutes, a small piece of iron wire inside the test tube had melted and almost disappeared, and the sulfuric acid solution inside turned yellow-brown.

Chen Xu inserted the test tube into the test tube rack, picked up a test tube again, and filled it with some clear lime water.

"The next test is to carry out another test tube. This tube contains clear lime water, lime water, also known as calcium hydroxide solution, which is an alkaline liquid. People who have been in contact should understand that it will sting if it touches the wound or splashes into the eyes... and this beaker contains clear wood ash water. Everyone should also understand it. It can be used to make leather, and it can also be used to wash hair and wash oil on clothes. That is because it contains a substance called potassium carbonate. If we mix the two liquids together, you will find an interesting phenomenon, and the liquid will turn into a white turbid substance..."

Chen Xu said while slowly pouring the ash water from the beaker into the test tube. He soon saw that the two clear liquids instantly turned into white turbid substances.

"Wow~~" Looking at the changes in the test tube, there was another commotion in the classroom.

"Marty, what is this kind of turbid thing?" Hu Kuan couldn't help but stand up and ask.

"Haha, this white thing is the most common, exactly the same as the pebbles on the river beach, called calcium carbonate. If these turbid substances are clarified, a more intense alkaline substance will be obtained in the test tube, called potassium hydroxide. I will leave the test tube here for a while and then continue another interesting experiment..."

Chen Xu inserted the test tube into the test tube rack, then picked up chalk and wrote down two metal substances, copper and iron, on the blackboard, and then wrote down the words calcium and potassium.

Gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and zinc are all metals that Daqin craftsmen are familiar with. They can be seen almost everywhere in life, at least there are things like the School of Engineering of the Academy of Factory Sciences, but the words potassium and calcium have not yet appeared.

"Our Chinese civilization has been in great culture for thousands of years, and its culture is profound. Since Cangjie created the characters, Chinese characters have a characteristic, that is, to distinguish objects by using the radicals of the five elements, such as using gold as the side to distinguish metal substances, and using water as the side to distinguish things related to water. Copper, iron, lead and zinc are both metals. The two words just written by this Hou should also see that potassium and calcium are also metal substances, but these two substances are very active. When encountering water and air, they can easily become other compounds. Just like iron, there is no pure iron in nature. All iron ore is a compound formed by other elements. Even if iron is placed in the air, it will slowly rust. The same is true for copper. The newly cast copper ware is red, purple or yellow, but if it is left for a period of time, it will turn into green copper rust. The green copper rust is like gallbladder, which is a water-containing compound..."

"Chemical phenomena can be seen everywhere in life. You have seen them on weekdays, but no one has ever thought about why, why iron rusts, why copper ware turns green, why gold does not undergo these changes, why different flowers appear in different colors, why some bright ores can be used to make dyes, but some cannot..."

"Ben Hou said before that science is a process of constantly tracing the root of the roots, a process of repeated doubts, a process of constantly digging and proofing. The spirit of science is in exploration and doubt, in practice and verification, both physics and chemistry, and needs the spirit of exploration and practice. We cannot be confused and take what we see for granted. In fact, it is not. Shennong tastes hundreds of herbs and constantly tries to explore to have the food we eat now. The ancestors of China discovered the existence of copper and iron in the molten stones, which gave us the sharp weapons and tools at present. Therefore, science has always existed, but we do not systematically summarize the laws in it. The purpose of this Marquis opening the Academy of Sciences and the School of Engineering is to let everyone develop a habit of scientific thinking. Whether they understand or not, they must first ask why, because nothing will appear for no reason, and there will be reasons that we say we don't understand. Exploring the laws of these reasons is the essence of science..."

"Okay, let's continue another interesting experiment..."

Chen Xu picked up the first test tube, which contained a blue copper sulfate solution. Then he used a straw to suck some precipitated potassium hydroxide solution and dripped it in. Soon he saw some flocculent blue substances began to appear in the test tube.

"Please see, the test tube has changed, but this blue substance is no longer the copper sulfate contained in the alum, but another substance called copper hydroxide. This substance can be used as a blue dye and will not fall or fade when washed with water. If the paper is soaked in, it will be blue paper after drying..."

"There is another more interesting experiment at the end, that is, the replacement reaction between copper and iron. This is a bottle of copper sulfate solution. We put a wire in it and wait until the blue solution fades slowly. After a while, you will find that a layer of red substance will be attached to the wire. This red thing is the common copper..."

A chemistry lecture lasted for an hour. Several seemingly simple acid and alkaline and common things can produce various changes over and over again. These simple chemical reactions that can be understood by junior high school, high school and even elementary school students in later generations have dazzled thousands of people who listened to the class.

Although I was confused after listening to it, I seemed to have discovered a very novel and strange world from it.

"Will magical chemistry open up another magical world?"

This is the latest news on the front page of the Daqin Metropolis Daily. The entire page records the process of Qinghehou's lecture in detail, and the names of various compounds are mentioned for the first time. The real name of brown rust is called iron oxide, green copper rust is called alkaline copper carbonate, the chalcopyrite ore of smelting copper is called copper sulfide, the blue cyst alum is called copper sulfate hydrate, and the useful ingredients in wood ash are called potassium carbonate, the real ingredient of saltpeter is called potassium nitrate, and the main ingredient of salt in daily life is called sodium chloride...

Although these strange names sound like a book of heaven, everyone who has participated in the lectures is excited and has to admit that this is a completely different scientific theory, which is extremely profound and mysterious, and even if you want to figure out the fur in it, it is extremely awkward.

After this class, Chen Xu officially established the Chemistry Department at the School of Engineering, recruited dozens of alchemy masters who were proficient in alchemy and medicine to start chemistry research, and also sent a call to the entire alchemy class of Daqin through newspapers. Anyone interested in this mysterious science can devote himself to the Chemistry Department to study in order to promote the development and application of chemistry in life.

Chen Xu believes that as long as people continue to join in and his participation in guidance, it is not difficult to start the basic chemical industry in Daqin in a few years. Just like firing lime, the people of Daqin have long discovered that lime can not only be used as building adhesives, but also used to disinfect and kill insects. Various ore and plant dyes have long been widely used in life. The development of chemistry will further promote the development of Daqin industry in an understandable mature direction.

With the widespread spread of this chemistry lecture, whether it is a gathering of disciples from hundreds of folk schools or a court discussion, the new term chemistry has also begun to appear in discussions. Especially some alchemists gathered together to drink tea, chat, elixir and boil medicine, and they didn’t even pop up a few chemical terms such as copper sulfate and sodium chloride, which seemed to be not high-end enough. There were even folk gangsters who were pretending to be yelling at the noodle restaurant and even added a little more sodium chloride to indicate their different identities.
Chapter completed!