School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kowloon University.

Looking at Zhang Shoucheng who was immersed in the world of physics, Liu Yichen did not disturb him. Currently, the most famous theoretical physicist in the Academy of Natural Sciences is Zhang Shoucheng.

When Zhang Shoucheng was 15 years old, he directly skipped high school and was admitted to the Department of Physics of Fudan University. He graduated from the Department of Physics of Fudan University at the age of 17 and went to Berlin to study for a master's degree at the Free University of Berlin. At the age of only 20, he obtained a degree from the school and entered the State University of New York.

Studied for a doctoral degree at Stony Brook University, studying under Yang Zhenning, and received his doctorate at the age of only 24.

At the age of 24, one would normally have just graduated from a university, but Zhang Shoucheng had already graduated with a doctorate.

That's not all. At the age of only 30, he was hired as a professor in the Department of Physics at Stanford University. At the age of 33, he was appointed as a tenured professor by Stanford University.

In 2006, the research team led by Zhang Shoucheng proposed the 'quantum spin Hall effect' based on electron spin to address the issues of semiconductor energy consumption and heat dissipation. The quantum spin Hall effect is a new law of electron motion.

That is, the law between the direction of electron rotation and the direction of current. Using this law can make electrons move in an orderly manner, thereby reducing energy dissipation, and it is possible to develop computer chips with new working principles, thus promoting the progress of information technology. In

On this basis, Zhang Shoucheng developed a new type of quantum material that can realize this new law of motion - topological insulators, and is one of the pioneers in this field.

In 2009, Zhang Shoucheng collaborated with Fang Zhong and others from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and predicted three topological insulator materials, which was a major progress in the field of materials physics. He carried out close theoretical and experimental cooperation with Xue Qikun of Shuimu University and prepared high-performance materials.

quality materials, and has achieved a series of groundbreaking results in the study of the basic properties of topological insulators. In 2013, more than 130 years after the discovery of the anomalous Hall effect, the quantum anomalous Hall effect was discovered. This is one of the major scientific breakthroughs in the international physics community.

.

After joining Kowloon University, the team led by Zhang Shoucheng has repeatedly produced results. Just last year, a major discovery was published in the magazine Science: After 80 years of exploration by the entire physics community, they discovered

The existence of chiral Majorana fermions. This discovery verifies the prediction made by Italian theoretical physicist Majorana 80 years ago - that there is a type of particle without antiparticles. It also proves the existence of chiral Majorana fermions.

A unit smaller than a quantum, which will bring huge changes to quantum theory.

It can be said that at least two of Zhang Shoucheng's achievements are Nobel Prize-level. Unfortunately, there are too many people waiting in line for the Nobel Prize in Physics. Zhang Shoucheng is only 55 years old now. He is considered a younger generation and it is relatively difficult to win this prize.

One award.

Especially last year, he changed his nationality to Chinese, which made this even more difficult.

However, there is also a kind of game behind this. It is not easy for the Nobel Prize to be as good as before. After all, whether it is Kowloon University or Hua Xia, or Zhang Shoucheng’s special status as Yang Zhenning’s last student, it cannot be underestimated.

watch for.

Just like this year, Zhang Shoucheng was selected as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Physics and was recommended by more than a dozen Nobel Prize winners in physics.

Yang Zhenning is also working hard. As a physics master and the number one physicist among living physicists, Yang Zhenning’s influence cannot be underestimated. If one day he passes away, maybe the world will

It was discovered that his status in the physics community surpassed Hawking.

Liu Yichen left quietly without disturbing the scholar who changed his nationality last year and became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He came to a laboratory, which was engaged in research in the field of aerospace and aviation. It had 9 floors above and below, 3 floors underground, and 6 floors above ground. There were hundreds of researchers and engineers in total.

At this time, he came to a company that develops quantum communication satellites. Quantum communication satellites are communication satellites with efficient transmission. They completely eliminate spy eavesdropping and cracking of confidential communication technology, and can counter foreign cyber attacks and defenses.

The quantum signal is emitted from the ground and penetrates the atmosphere - the satellite receives the quantum signal and forwards it to another specific satellite as needed - the quantum signal penetrates the atmosphere again from that specific satellite to a designated receiving location in a corner of the earth

.

Very early on, scientists imagined that if the principle of "quantum entanglement" was applied to communications, the security and confidentiality of communications would be greatly improved.

Therefore, all countries in the world that have the strength to do so will carry out research.

China is no exception. It has launched research on quantum satellites very early on, and has listed quantum satellites as one of the first batch of scientific experimental satellites under the Space Science Pilot Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its main scientific goal is to use satellite platforms to carry out high-speed satellite-to-ground research.

Quantum key distribution experiments, and on this basis, wide-area quantum key network experiments are carried out, in order to achieve a major breakthrough in the practical application of space quantum communications, conduct quantum entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation experiments at the spatial scale, and carry out space-scale quantum experiments.

Experimental study on mechanical completeness testing.

In 2016, China launched the world's first 'quantum satellite' Mozi, making our country a world leader in 'quantum communications'. In 2017, the 'Mozi' quantum satellite was the first in the world

The first realization of quantum entanglement on the order of thousands of kilometers represents a big step towards practical quantum communication in the world. In September 2017, the world's first quantum secure communication trunk line 'Beijing-Shanghai Trunk Line' and 'Mozi'

Quantum satellites carry out space-to-ground links, allowing China to successfully realize intercontinental quantum secure communication. This marks that China has built the first prototype of a space-to-ground integrated wide-area quantum communication network in the world, and is a step towards realizing a global-covering quantum secure communication network in the future.

A solid step forward.

And just in January this year, intercontinental quantum key distribution with a distance of 7,600 kilometers was achieved for the first time between China and Austria, and the shared key was used to achieve encrypted data transmission and video communication, marking the completion of the 'Mozi' quantum communication satellite.

Have the ability to realize intercontinental quantum secure communication.

But this does not mean that the development of quantum communication satellites has come to an end. On the contrary, this is just a new starting point. Quantum communication satellites and quantum communication technology are a blue ocean with great potential and a bright future.

According to the plan, China plans to deploy 25 quantum communication satellites to create a communication network connecting the world.

Although Liu Yichen's "Secret Chencang Plan" wiped out many rats and cockroaches in China, the air was a lot fresher and benefited in many fields. However, after so many years, the results of that plan have been completely digested. But communication security

, but it is always placed in a very important position.

The security of quantum communication is based on the basic principles of quantum physics. The indivisibility of single photons and the non-replicability of quantum states ensure that information cannot be eavesdropped and cannot be cracked. In principle, it ensures the unconditional security of identity authentication, transmission encryption and digital signatures.

, which can fundamentally and permanently solve information security problems.

Kowloon University and China University of Science and Technology are responsible for the research and development of quantum communication technology, including quantum communication satellites. These two universities are also the only universities in the country equipped with quantum computers so far.

Although quantum computers have been born, so far, only one hundred quantum computers have been produced and installed across the country, and these quantum computers are used for scientific research, national defense and security construction, and the construction of national financial security systems.

Although the outside world knows about the birth of quantum computers, they cannot get quantum computers for the time being, even if they wave their money.

However, as the production capacity of quantum computers increases, it is only a matter of time before quantum computers enter society.

To say that the birth of quantum computers has had the greatest impact, the most obvious one is the virtual currency market. Since the birth of quantum computers, in a short period of time, various virtual currencies have become priceless and no one is willing to buy them even for one dollar.

Bitcoin and other virtual currencies have depreciated hundreds or thousands of times. Countless speculators speculated on virtual currencies and bet that virtual currencies would make them rich. Their wealth was reduced to nothing. From millionaires, multi-millionaires, and billionaires directly

Become a person heavily in debt.

In addition to quantum communication satellites, advanced technologies such as ion engines and Hall engines are also developed here.

Ion engine is one of the three types of solar electric rocket engines, also known as solar electric rocket. The ion engine is a new technology under development and is an unconventional propulsion system. It is similar to the commonly used liquid rockets and solid rockets.

Chemical rockets are different in that they work on solar energy rather than chemical energy. The propellant of a chemical rocket engine converts chemical energy into thermal energy, which is accelerated by the aerodynamic heat of the nozzle and then converted into the kinetic energy of the jet gas flow to generate thrust.

The working medium of the ion engine is heated by the electrical energy converted from solar energy or the electrostatic field and electromagnetic field generated by this electrical energy to obtain kinetic energy to achieve reaction propulsion.

This kind of ion engine is 10 times more efficient than conventional chemical rockets and requires less propellant, allowing the spacecraft to have more space to load payloads. Because it uses inexhaustible

It uses solar energy, so it can operate continuously for several years in the absence of gravity in space.

Of course, its current shortcomings are also obvious, that is, the thrust and acceleration are very small, and it takes a long time for the spacecraft to reach the predetermined flight speed. For example, the acceleration provided by the ion engine mounted on Wisdom 1 is only 0.2 mm/s2.

However, although the current shortcomings are obvious, we can also see that it has huge potential. Chemical fuels can only be used for short-distance aerospace activities and are destined to be unable to carry out longer-distance voyages. Therefore, propulsion systems using new energy sources such as ion engines are

The trend of future aerospace. This is why all the major aerospace powers are conducting research one after another.

As for the Hall engine, it is an electric propulsion device that uses xenon as a propellant to convert externally obtained electrical energy into kinetic energy. The most advanced thing about the Hall engine is that it uses xenon as a propellant to only act

When it comes to the catalyst effect, it can be said that very little or even nothing is consumed, because in the process of converting electrical energy into kinetic energy, electrical energy is mainly consumed, not propellant.

The Hall thruster is actually not a new thing. It has long been used in aerospace activities, mainly for satellite orbit correction. It has similarities with ion engines, but they are different. They are both cutting-edge aerospace technologies.

Once these aerospace technologies make breakthroughs and can greatly improve the performance of spacecraft, then manned landing on the moon will become simple.

Of course, research on aerospace topics is also very expensive. Billions of dollars are spent every year, and this is because there are SA-supported technologies, engineers, researchers, and even the Fujian branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Hundreds of people are directly engaged in research in the field of aerospace and aviation. Otherwise, it would really be beyond the capabilities of one school alone.

Liu Yichen has carried out theoretical improvement and research in some fields, but turning theory into application requires these engineers and researchers. After all, the power of an individual is always small, but the power of the team is powerful, forging a team with extremely strong combat effectiveness.

The scientific research team is much more powerful than his direct exchange of technology.

And more importantly, the current situation gives these people time to grow.

The effect of this kind of spending money is also very obvious. The thrust of the domestic Hall engine has been increased from the original 1 N to 10 N. The satellites of the "Kowloon Coffin Pulling Project" are equipped with Hall engines for orbit maintenance and orbit.

With slight adjustments, or even at critical moments, this small satellite can turn into a bullet and directly hit the large satellites in space.

This kind of thing is something Space X would often do a few years later, specifically to disgust others and ask for protection money.

Chang'e-5, which will be launched this year, is also equipped with a Hall engine, where a certain degree of experiments will be carried out.

Different from the previous Chang'e-4, this time Chang'e-5 belongs to the "return" step and is the Chang'e-3 project. It will land on the lunar surface, collect lunar soil, and return to the earth.

Therefore, Chang'e-5 is composed of an orbiter, returner, lander, ascender and other parts. Its volume is also much larger than that of Chang'e-4, so it will also use China's new generation of heavy-duty launch vehicle-Long March 5.

Launched.

This Chang'e-5 mission is of great significance. If it is a complete success, it will mean that China will have no shortage of research on the lunar soil. It also means that China has mastered the technology of traveling between the earth and the moon. In theory, China has the

The ability to land a man on the moon.

And unlike other Chang'e series satellites that were launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, this time Chang'e 5 will be launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Site.

The Wenchang Space Launch Site is located in Jones. It is an open coastal launch site. It is also a space launch site established by China for deep space exploration. In the future, deep space exploration missions such as exploring the moon and Mars will be carried out at the Wenchang Space Launch Site.
Chapter completed!