These refugees did not voluntarily fall to this level, but were all because the war in Liaodong was already defeated. Under the threat of the Tatars' butcher knife, they had to leave their hometowns and come to this unfamiliar Shandong Peninsula.

In the first year of Tianqi, Nurhaci led his troops to conquer Chenyang and Liaoyang, and then launched a conquest of the entire Liaodong Metropolitan Office. It was in a fierce momentum and captured a large area of ​​land in Liaodong in a short period of time.

Then the slavery policy of the Han people in Liaodong began. Most Han people in Liaodong (that is, except for the Han people who had already become slaves) decreased from the "people households" of the Later Jin Dynasty, which "subjected land" to the feudal serfs who paid high land rent and were oppressed by the owner of the manor. The Han people in Liaodong lived a miserable life, and the serf-built manors expanded viciously and spread throughout the occupied areas of the Later Jin Dynasty.

It would be fine if this is the case. For the Han people, as long as they survive, many people will choose to endure. They will most likely not choose to resist desperately until the death threat is threatened. However, Nurhaci treated the Han people not only for slavery, but also for large-scale massacres.

In June of the third year of Tianqi, I heard that the number of Han people in Fuzhou increased. Nurhaci believed that the Ming Dynasty sent people to try to take away these Han people. In order to prevent them from escaping, Nurhaci sent Dabeideshan, Zhaisanggu, Azige, Dudu, Shuotu and other Beile, leading 20,000 troops to Fuzhou.

According to Nurhaci's order, all the men in Fuzhou were killed, and all the women and livestock were captured. For a time, Fuzhou became a place without a man. Except for a few lucky people who hid in the mountains, most of them became ghosts under the sword of the Tartars.

In the first month of the fifth year of the Tianqi revelation, Nurhaci issued nine orders in a row, sending a large number of Tartars to investigate the grain and grain of Han people in most areas controlled by Jiannu. Anyone with less than five dou of grain was designated as "people without grains."

"Grieved people" represent "not plowing fields, without grains, and not settling down at home, and wanting to escape from here to the bachelor of the other place (Ming Kingdom)". The Eight Banners ordered "people without grains should be regarded as enemies". As long as there are no five dou of rice in the family, or begging Han people, they will be arrested and sent to Chenyang for concentrated massacres to avoid wasting food.

In the sixth year of the Tianqi revelation, Nurhaci issued a long edict, accusing the Han people of "hiding spies, accepting letters, and defecting endlessly." He listed the examples of armed resistance of Han people in Zhenjiang, Changshan Island, Chuancheng, Yaozhou, Zhangyi Station, Anshan, Haizhou, Jinzhou and other places, and announced that they would kill the defectors.

He ordered the Eight Banners Beile and the generals below the commander and above to lead the soldiers to the villages under their jurisdiction, and to "distinguish" the Han people. Anyone who is the anti-Jin resistance will be executed. Each general follows the order and "goes in separate ways, and when they meet the village fort, they will be dismounted and killed." For a time, the coastal areas were corpses everywhere and blood flowed into rivers.

The Han people in Liaodong faced even more difficult situations, and they might lose their lives at any time, so they naturally did not want to be obedient people of the Tartars. However, most of them were killed when they rose up to resist, and the timids began to flee.

At that time, there were three main routes for escape, one was 6 routes, and it fled to the west of Jinzhou. Since there was a narrow plain between Jinzhou and Shanhaiguan, there were mountains and steep mountains in the north and the Bohai Sea in the south, which was very suitable for farming.

According to Sun Chengzong's strategy of "using the Liao people to defend the Liao territory and supporting the Liao people with the Liao territory", these escaped Han people were arranged to farm in this narrow plain area, and the strong men were drawn as soldiers, forming the grassroots soldiers in the Guanning Army, the main force in the fight against the Tatars, and the officers were still the children of Liaoxi generals.

The second route was to join Mao Wenlong. In the first year of Tianqi, Mao Wenlong was ordered by the governor of Liaodong Wang Huazhen and led 200 people to attack Pi Island. After taking Pi Island, he led his troops to attack Zhenjiang and captured the guerrilla Tong Yangzhen of the Later Jin Dynasty (also known as Tong Yangzheng, Nurhaci's wife and grandfather Kangxi) and his son Tong Fengnian, his nephew Tong Songnian, and others. He sent Chen Zhong and others to attack Shuangshan to capture and kill the guerrilla Miao Yizhen of the Later Jin Dynasty.

Subsequently, Kuandian, Tangzhan, Qianshan and other castles surrendered to Mao Wenlong. Later, Mao Wenlong controlled many islands on the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, and captured Tieshan, Changcheng and other cities from the Later Jin Dynasty, and a large area around him. Although these territories are all in North Korea, Mao Wenlong is so desolate that he will not return them to North Korea, but treats them as his own territorial exhibition, and also extorts the King of Korea.

Until Mao Wenlong was beheaded by Yuan Chonghuan, the number of Han people in Liaodong was over 600,000. For these Han people, even if Mao Wenlong was their reborn parents, his life was very hard, but it was at least better than in the occupied areas of the Later Jin Dynasty. Not only were he treated as a slave, but he also faced the threat of being cut off at any time.

Saving a life is better than building a seven-level pagoda. Mao Wenlong saved 600,000 people. I wonder how much better than the fooling Emperor Chongzhen, who was just seventeen years old and a child.

The third route is to cross the sea to Denglai Prefecture on the Shandong Peninsula. There are almost 300,000 to 400,000 people from Liaodong Han people, but compared with the first two situations, their lives are much harder.

From the moment the Han people in Liaodong came ashore, they were exploited by local governments in Shandong because they had no one to protect them and were unable to resist. Any minor official could command them to take charge of them.

It was mainly due to geographical factors. At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, after taking over Liaodong, there were almost no civil affairs institutions in prefectures and counties. They replaced them with military control, established the Liaodong Metropolitan Office, and set up twenty-five guard commanders.

It can be said that most of the Han people in Liaodong were military households or households under the jurisdiction of the garrison. They had poor literary style, few scholars, and few outstanding people at all. There were almost no Liaodong people who were particularly large as officials.

This means that there are almost no Liaodong officials in the court. After being bullied, there is not even a person who speaks for them. These days, there is no one in trouble, the spirit of supporting all sides, and there is no concept of the same nation being a family. There is only a robbery and a slaughter.

In this era, it is about clan and fellow countrymen. If you are not related to you, no one will pity you. Don’t say that you are not from Shandong. Even if you are not from the county, you are from the next county, they will bully you.

This phenomenon also occurs in later society, but it is not that serious. Moreover, for the sake of harmony and stability, similar things are not often seen in the media and are unknown.

In Lu Xun's words, these are all people who cannibalize people. They don't care whether you are pitiful or not, as long as they live a good life.

The Liao people in Guanning and Dongjiang lived better because the local rulers needed to recruit troops from them to farm and fight against the Tartars, and they would definitely not be too bad for them. Moreover, they also had the capture of fighting against the enemy and the rewards of military merits of the level.
Chapter completed!