Zhao Tuo is actually the surname Ying, Zhao clan, and his name is Tuo. In ancient times, the surname He clan was two concepts.

The surname represents blood relationship, from the female. In ancient times, society was a matriarchal clan. To put it bluntly, women were the rulers of society. Everyone only knew who their mother was, and not who their father was. At that time, the relationship between men and women was very chaotic, so you know.

I don’t know who my father is, so what should I do if I give birth to a child? Naturally, I follow my mother’s surname. Therefore, the surname is the name of the daughter plus the child. Many surnames are also the word "female", such as the eight ancient surnames Jiang, Ji, Gui, Si, Ying, Wang, Yao, and Jing, all of which are the word "female".

At that time, there was another rule, that is, not to marry the same surname, because marriage between close relatives is likely to lead to genetic defects. The ancients even knew this, which was amazing.

In the past, most names were single characters, but there were not many surnames, and there were only a few dozen. There were not many Chinese characters that could be used as names, so it was easy to rename them, so the clan appeared.

The clan represents status. In the past, aristocratic men would have fiefdoms when they became adults. Where is the fiefdom? What is their clan? If they are officials and their official names are hereditary, some would also use the official name as the clan, and then use the ancestor name and the nickname as the clan.

The function of surnames is to identify blood ties, and the function of clan is to highlight the outstanding people who come into contact with and distinguish between people with the same name and surname.

Of course, at that time, only nobles and famous people had clans. The unknown and ordinary people had no clans, because ordinary people were not necessary to distinguish and record them in history.

During the Zhou Dynasty, wars were everywhere, and many vassal states were destroyed. The descendants of the king or the people took the country as their surname. Most of the ordinary people at that time had only names, neither surname nor clan, nor at all, and were not high-end. It made people feel inferior and wanted to die if they were tortured.

When the country was still alive, no one dared to take the country as its surname, which was a taboo. However, after the country was destroyed, they took the country as its surname, or the clan as its surname. This is how many surnames came from.

At this time, most of the surnames were no longer the word "女". For example, the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Chu, Han, Zhao and Wei were the surnames. A branch of Duke Huan of Qi took Huan as its surname, which is Huan Ye's family, which was based on his posthumous title.

By the Han dynasties, surnames gradually merged, and people began to accustomed to taking the clan as their surnames. From then on, surnames were combined into two and called surnames together, so there were more surnames.

Zhao Tuo's surname is Ying, which is not surprising. Ying and Zhao Ben had the same ancestor. This common ancestor was Fei Lian, whose surname was Ying. The Ying surname originated from Bo Yi, who was from the ancient Dongyi tribe. He was a contribution to assisting Dayu in controlling the flood and was given the surname Ying by Shun.

Fei Lian is the descendant of Bo Yi. Fei Lian's eldest son is Eilai, and the second son is Ji Sheng. Fei Lian runs fast and Eilai has great strength. The two of them are the capable subordinates and personal guards of King Zhou of Shang.

Cao Cao praised Dian Wei for being the evil of ancient times. This evil refers to Fei Lian's eldest son, King Zhou's personal protection, and the fierce general and brother.

King Wu attacked Zhou, and King Zhou burned himself to death. Eilei was killed by King Wu, and Feilian committed suicide to sacrifice for King Zhou. History was written by the victors, so the Zhou Dynasty slandered Feili and Eilei a lot.

When King Zhou of Shang was destroyed, Ji Sheng and his sons of Eilai were prevented from running away. Later, Ji Sheng's great-grandson Zaofu was rewarded by King Mu of Zhou because he was good at making cars, and Zhao Cheng became Zaofu's fief.

Daluo, the great-grandson of the female guard, also lived in Zhaocheng with his cousin Zaofu. Daluo gave birth to Feizi, whose surname was Ying, and he also followed Zaofu's lineage to take Zhao as his clan. Later, Feizi was appointed to Qin by King Xiao of Zhou because of his good horses. Feizi was Qin Ying, the founding monarch of Qin.

In other words, the Communist ancestor of Qin and Zhao was Fei Lian, Qin Zu was Fei Lian's eldest son, and Zhao Zu was Fei Lian's second son Ji Sheng. Both families had surnames Ying.

When Zhao and Cang Yaozu talked about these things, Cang Yaozu was quite interested.

In fact, Cang Yaozu didn’t know very well that this surname is not the same as his clan, he just could recite the surnames of the Hundred Family.

Zhao also wiped out a few blind spots for Cang Yaozu, which surprised Cang Yaozu. For example, Dong Zhuo compared himself to Shang's father, but in fact he compared himself to Lu Shang, which means that the emperor's father.

Lu Shang is the surname Jiang, and the name is Shang, and his courtesy name is Ziya. Cang Yaozu said that Lu Shang is Jiang Shang, Jiang Ziya, Jiang Taigong, while Zhao said that this is all wrong. Since ancient times, men have called him a clan but not a surname.

So you can call him Lu Shang, or Lu Ziya or Lu Taigong, but you can't call him a surname, otherwise it would be an offense, because only people with low origins and no clans call him a surname.

Similarly, Lu Buwei is the 23rd generation grandson of Lu Shang, and he also has the surname Jiang, so no one called him Jiang Buwei. At this time, the role of the surname was weakening and was gradually replaced by the clan.

Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang, was born after Liu Lei, so he was named the Qi family, Liu family, with the name Bang and the courtesy name Ji, and was usually called Liu Bang or Liu Ji.

Emperor Gaozu of Han, the life and death enemy of Chu, Xiang Yu, also the surname Mi, Xiang family, with a name and courtesy name Yu, and is usually called Xiang Yu.

There is also Qu Yuan, who is surnamed Mi, Qu, whose name is Ping, and whose courtesy name is Yuan, is descended from Qu Xia, son of King Xiong Tong of Chu. The Chu royal family is surnamed Mi, and the famous Queen Mother of Qin Xuan, Mi Yue, is the princess of Chu. Women call their surnames but not clans, so she is called Mi Yue instead of Xiong Yue. The younger brother Bai Qi adopted by Mi Yue also has the surname Mi, Bai, and her name is Qi.

It was once said that although Chu had three families, if Qin was destroyed, Chu would have to be destroyed. The three families here refer to the three clans of the Mi surname, namely the Mi surname Zhao, the Mi surname Qu and the Mi surname Jing.

After the fall of Chu, in order to avoid the large-scale pursuit of Qin and to survive, most of the Zhao family, Qu family and Jing family changed their surnames. The Xiang family of Mi is said to be a branch of the Jing family of Mi. After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Han was in power, and Xiang family changed back to Jing family to avoid its edge.

Well, Xiaoxiao’s surname was quite complicated by the ancients, and Cang Yaozu really admired it.

When they first came here, Cang Yaozu and Yu Ji and the others said that someone called him uncle online, but Yu Ji and the others mistakenly thought Cang Yaozu's name was Shu. Later, Cang Yaozu made accusation, Cang Shu and Cang Yaozu were not bad.

You should know that in this era, it is really impossible to have no single name. The Han Dynasty was expensive for single names, and only ordinary people and women would give double names, such as Huang Yueying and Pei Yuanshao.

So in order to be less independent, Cang Yaozu also needs a single name.

Fortunately, since the Han Dynasty, the county system replaced the feudal system, and fewer nobles with fiefdoms were found. The division between nobles and civilians gradually became blurred, and the confluence of surnames accelerated.

At this time, the Han Dynasty took the clan as its surname and became very common. The surname He began to be collectively called the surname, and the clan gradually disappeared, which also saved Cang Yaozu a lot of trouble.

During the Three Kingdoms period, there were some famous generals with three characters, such as Chunyu Qiong, Wu'anguo, Taishi Ci, Zhuge Liang, and Sima Yi. These were actually compound surnames, and their names were still single names, such as Sima Yi, compound surname Sima, name Yi, and courtesy Zhongda. So was Zhuge Liang's compound surname Zhuge?

Yes, not right. Zhuge Liang's ancestor was the great general Ge Ying, one of the leaders of the peasant uprising army at the end of the Qin Dynasty. It is said that Ge Ying was brave and resourceful, and used troops like a god. He was one of the top generals under Chen Sheng. He once made great contributions in the two counties of Chen and Qi.

Before Chen Sheng could be called King Zhang Chu, Ge Ying led his troops to the south to Jiujiang, where he met Xiangjiang, a descendant of Chu. In order to obtain orthodoxy, Ge Ying supported Xiangjiang as King Chu. But then there was news that Chen Sheng was called king and appointed him as General Nan Zheng.

Because one minister could not serve the two masters, Ge Ying killed Xiangjiang, and then returned to Chen County to pay homage to Chen Sheng and reported on the matter.

Can you participate in such a thing? I have to say that Ge Ying's emotional intelligence is not high, even if he uses troops like a god, Chen Sheng held a grudge for this and soon found an excuse to kill Ge Ying.

During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, in order to follow Ge Ying's contribution to resisting the tyrannical Qin, Emperor Wen gave Ge Ying's grandson the marquis of Zhuxian, and lived here for generations. In order to thank Emperor Wen, Ge merged the surname "Ge" and the place name "Zhuge" and changed the surname to "Zhuge".
Chapter completed!