Yuan Chonghuan, whose ancestral home is Dongguan, Guangdong, has the courtesy name Yue Yuan and the nickname Ziru. (.Pure text) "Huan" means fire, which means bright, prominent and glorious; "Su" means straightforwardness and simplicity, which is natural nature. He is like a blazing fire.

Throughout his life, he had his own way of character and free style, and indeed he lived up to his name. He had great courage, the courage to fight the enemy, and moral courage. His soaring energy, stubborn brute force, and fierce ruthlessness were all reflected in his words.

In the wretched and languid court of the late Ming Dynasty, he stood out even more. His character was like a sharp and powerful sword. When the Qing Dynasty was peaceful and peaceful, hanging on the wall, he would inevitably scream to himself in the middle of the night.

He jumped out of the sword box. In the troubled times, after slaying dragons and tigers, it was finally broken. He fought vigorously, but every battle was leading to an inevitable tragic ending step by step.

When he was young, he considered himself a "rich man" and loved to travel. After passing the imperial examination, he passed the imperial examination, but failed many times. Every time he went to Beijing to take the exam, he always took the opportunity to travel and traveled to almost half of China. He loved to be with good friends the most.

He stayed up all night talking about everything, and the content of the conversation often involved military battles. He was generous and courageous, and liked to talk about military affairs with others. When he met old retired officers and soldiers, he always asked them about the military situation on the frontier.

, he was determined to handle border affairs when he was young.

Under the system of the Ming Dynasty, the Jinshi examination was held every three years. The joint examination began on the ninth day of February and ended on the fifteenth day of the second lunar month. There was also the imperial examination on the first day of March. Yuan Chonghuan took the imperial examination in Beijing in the 47th year of Wanli and passed the imperial examination. Yang Hao passed the imperial examination that year.

In February, he swore an oath to Liaoyang, and in March, four troops were killed. The two events of the new Jinshi and the defeat in the war happened at the same time. Yuan Chonghuan, a new Jinshi who had always been concerned about border defense, must have been in a mixed mood.

In the capital, of course, I heard a lot of news about the Liaodong war. After he became a Jinshi, he was assigned to be a county magistrate in Shaowu, Fujian. In the second year of Tianqi, he went to Beijing to report on his work. He usually likes to talk eloquently. When talking to friends in Beijing,

He expressed some opinions on Liaodong's military affairs, which were very pertinent, and attracted the attention of Yushi Hou Xun, who assured the court that he had military talents, and was promoted to the chief of the Military Affairs Department.

Not long after Yuan Chonghuan became the head of the Ministry of War, Wang Huazhen's army was destroyed in Guangning, and the whole court was panicked. So Beijing declared a riot and entered a state of emergency. At this time when people in the capital were panicking, Yuan Chonghuan rode a horse and went out alone to investigate.

. Director Yuan suddenly disappeared from the Ministry of War. Everyone was very surprised, and his family did not know where he was. Soon he returned to Beijing and reported the situation in detail to his superiors, declaring: "As long as you give me soldiers, horses, food and pay, I can defend it alone."

Shanhaiguan."

After hearing what he said so eloquently, the imperial court promoted him to the rank of military officer and sent him to help guard Shanhaiguan. After Yuan Chonghuan arrived, he immediately carried out the construction of the city with great fanfare and resolutely, and established specifications: the city wall was three feet and two feet high, and the city pheasant was six feet higher.

, the city wall was three feet wide, and he sent Zu Dashou and other supervisors to work on it. Yuan Chonghuan shared the joys and sorrows with the soldiers and treated the people well, treating them as family members and fathers and brothers, so everyone worked hard when building the city. It was completed the next year, and the city wall was high and thick, becoming an important town outside the pass.

.This city wall is the foundation of Yuan Chonghuan's lifelong achievements. This city wall blocked the Manchu troops outside Shanhaiguan for 21 years. If Wu Sangui hadn't introduced the Qing troops to Shanhaiguan, it is unknown how many more years they would have been blocked.

In the first month of the sixth year of Tianqi, the Manchus crossed the Liao River to attack Ningyuan, with 130,000 troops. They arrived at Ningyuan on the 23rd. Yuan Chonghuan, General Man Gui, deputy generals Zuo Fu, Zhu Mei, and generals Zu Dashou, He Kegang and others gathered the soldiers to swear to death. To defend the city, Yuan Chonghuan stabbed out his own blood, wrote a proclamation, circulated it to the soldiers, and even bowed to the soldiers to inspire loyalty. Under his encouragement, everyone in the army was enthusiastic and determined to fight to the death.

Nurhachi launched a massive attack on the city. Thousands of braided soldiers rushed to the edge of the city. Suddenly, tens of thousands of torches were raised from the city head, and arrows rained down on the city. The fighting became more and more intense, and the walls of Ningyuan were surrounded by more than ten miles of walls. Thousands of holes had been dug, and seeing that the city was about to be destroyed, Yuan Chonghuan could no longer remain calm. He personally moved rocks to block the gap and was injured twice. The general advised him to take care. He said sternly: "Although Ningyuan is only a mere It is a city, but it is related to the survival of China. If Ningyuan is not defended, in a few years, our parents and brothers will become slaves of the Tatars. If I am timid and afraid of death, even if I am lucky enough to survive, what fun will it be?" He tore off his shirt, wrapped up the wound on his left arm and fought again. Following his example, the soldiers all worked bravely and finally closed the gap.

On the 25th, the Qing troops attacked again, and Yuan Chonghuan oversaw the battle to the death. Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, was also injured. After three days of bloody fighting, the Qing troops suffered heavy losses, and they finally had to order the retreat. Nurhachi said to Zhubeile: "I have been fighting since I was twenty-five years old "We can't win the battle and can't conquer it. Why can't we conquer the city of Ningyuan?" I was very angry in my heart. After that, the injury never healed. In July, I went to Qinghe Hot Spring to recuperate, and sent someone to summon Dafu Jin to come back to Shenyang. He died forty miles away from Shenyang at the age of sixty-eight. Nurhaci only fought one big defeat in his life. From then on, the Qing people were in awe of Yuan Chonghuan. After Nurhachi's death, the eighth son Huang Taiji took over.[

In May of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Huang Taiji personally led the elite troops of two yellow flags and two white flags to attack the castles in western Liaoning and captured the two fortresses of Dalinghe and Xiaolinghe in Mingfang. He then attacked Jinzhou, the peripheral fortress of Ningyuan. Western cannons were fired in the city of Jinzhou, and then The Qing soldiers were severely damaged by artillery, fire and arrows. When the attack reached dawn, Huang Taiji saw that he could no longer support it, so he had to retreat and camped at Xiaoling River, waiting for the troops from all walks of life to gather and reorganize. Huang Taiji organized his troops , and turned to attack Ningyuan. Mangui led the Ming army to form a formation two miles south of the city, with guns and artillery arrayed under the city wall. The Ming army finally could not defeat the Qing army in the field, so they retreated into the city to defend themselves. The battle was very fierce, and the trenches It was filled with the dead corpses of soldiers from both sides. The defenders bombarded with Portuguese cannons, smashing a Qing camp and Huang Taiji's white dragon flag, killing many Qing soldiers. Seeing the heavy losses of his troops, Huang Taiji had to retreat and then The attack to the south of Jinzhou was unsuccessful, and the soldiers suffered many casualties. In July, the Qing army was defeated and returned to Shenyang. This battle was called "Ningjin Victory" by the Ming Dynasty, and it was the second bloody victory of the Ming army against the Qing army.

In November of the seventh year of Tianqi, Yuan Chonghuan was promoted to the position of censor of the right capital, and the Ministry of War added an additional note to the affairs of the left minister. In April of the first year of Chongzhen, he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of War, concurrently deputy censor of the right capital, supervisor of Ji Liao, and governor of the capital. Denglai Tianjin Military Affairs. The Minister of War is a senior official of the second rank, and the military region under his jurisdiction has nominally expanded to the northern part of Beizhili and the northern coast of Shandong.

In October of the second year of Chongzhen, Qing troops invaded from the west in large numbers, and Zunhua was the first to be attacked. This time, Huang Taiji personally led the troops and gathered more than 100,000 troops. Knowing that Yuan Chonghuan was guarding the east route and could not attack, he sent troops from Mongolia The troops took the lead and detoured to the west to attack. The Qing army crossed Sanhe, took Shunyi, arrived at Tongzhou, crossed the river, and marched towards Mumachang. The troops were like the wind and attacked Beijing. Datong's army was full of Guangxi, and Xuanfu's army was intercepted by Hou Shilu. They were all defeated. The Manchu and Hou troops retreated to Beijing. Yuan Chonghuan received the news of the fall of Zunhua and knew that the situation was serious, so he marched more than 300 miles in two days and two nights. He arrived two days earlier than the Qing army and garrisoned in Guangqu, Beijing. outside the door.

As soon as Yuan Chonghuan arrived, Chongzhen immediately summoned him and expressed his condolences. He asked him to report a strategy for dealing with the Qing soldiers and gave him royal food and mink fur. At the same time, he also summoned Man Gui. He took off his clothes and showed the emperor the numerous scars on his body.

, Chongzhen was greatly impressed. Yuan Chonghuan asked to enter the city to rest because his soldiers and horses were tired. However, Chongzhen was quite suspicious and did not allow his troops to enter the city. Yuan Chonghuan asked to station troops in the outer city, but Chongzhen did not allow it, and insisted that they fight in the field outside the city.

The Qing troops attacked eastward and were unstoppable along the way. When they detected the arrival of Yuan's army at Gaomidian, they were all shocked. They never expected that Yuan Chonghuan would arrive so quickly. On the 20th, the two armies fought outside Guangqumen. Yuan Chonghuan could not do anything at this time.

No longer wearing a light robe, he was talking and laughing about fighting. He put on armor and went to the battle in person to supervise the battle. From eight o'clock in the morning to four o'clock in the afternoon, the battle was fierce for eight hours, and the outcome was undecided.

Mangui led five thousand troops to guard Desheng Gate. At that time, the soldiers and civilians of Beijing were watching the battle at the top of the city, but they saw the Qing soldiers clashing to the west. Looking down from the city, they looked like thousands of black clouds, carrying the swift wind, and a moment passed.

In a fierce battle, Mangui was injured and his uniforms were stained with blood. Only 3,000 of the 5,000 soldiers were left. The main battlefield was at Guangqumen. Yuan Chonghuan and the Qing soldiers fought until dusk. The Qing soldiers finally retreated and retreated for more than ten miles.

Yuan Jun pursued them to the edge of the canal. Huang Taiji and Zhu Beile both said: "In the past fifteen years, we have never encountered such a powerful enemy as Yuan Chonghuan." So they did not dare to approach Beijing anymore, and stationed troops in Haizi to collect and capture them.

between.

When Yuan Chonghuan came to aid Beijing, he only brought 5,000 cavalry troops as the vanguard because of the urgent need of 100,000 troops. Later, he brought 4,000 cavalry troops. In this battle, Guangqu and his troops used 9,000 troops as an army of more than 100,000 troops. In fact, they won a great victory.

It was a fluke. At that time, Yuan Jun worked hard and fought bravely against the enemy. Secondly, when the Qing army suddenly encountered Yuan Jun, he was already timid and his fighting spirit was not strong. However, Chongzhen was a very impatient and tenacious young man. He was not yet ten years old at that time.

At the age of nine, when he saw Yuan Chonghuan standing still, he immediately became impatient and kept urging him to go out to fight. Yuan Chonghuan repeatedly said that he could not attack until the entire infantry army arrived. Now there are only 9,000 cavalry, and it is difficult to fight a decisive battle with more than 100,000 enemy soldiers.

If you seek, you will win.

Unexpectedly, Chongzhen became suspicious because of this: "Why are you unwilling to go to war? Do you want to usurp the throne? Do you want to coerce me into agreeing to negotiate peace? You have been exchanging letters with Huang Taiji in the past. What is your conspiracy? Why did you wake up so early in the morning?

Did you expect that the Jin soldiers would attack Beijing from the west?"

The Qing troops retreated to Nanhaizi on November 27th. After their defeat, they felt dissatisfied and burned and killed people on a large scale in the suburbs of Beijing. The residents of Beijing had the same mentality as the emperor. They only cared about their own property and life.

Everyone believed the rumor that Yuan Chonghuan was unwilling to go to war and had ulterior motives. Many people said that he had brought the Qing soldiers with the purpose of "threatening peace" so that the emperor had to accept the peace deal he had always advocated. At this time, the Qing soldiers

They captured two eunuchs assigned by the Ming government to raise horses outside the city, one named Yang Chun and the other Wang Chengde. Huang Taiji came up with a plan and sent his deputy general Gao Hongzhong, general Bao Chengxian, Ning Wanwo, Bak Shen, and Da Hai.

They captured two young eunuchs, why did they need to send five generals to guard them? Of course there was a trick. Gao, Bao, and Ning were Han Chinese who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. At night, Bao Chengxian and Ning Wanwo

In accordance with the secret plan taught by Huang Taiji, the people "whispered" loudly and said to each other: "This withdrawal is not that we have lost the battle, it is the emperor's clever plan. Don't you see? The emperor rode alone to approach the enemy. The enemy

Two officers from the army came over to see the emperor. After a long discussion, the two officers went back. The emperor and Governor Yuan have made a secret agreement, and the important matter will be successful soon."

The two eunuchs were sleeping next to each other and could hear their words clearly. On November 30, the guardian of Huang Taiji pretended to be negligent and allowed Yang Chun to escape back to Beijing. What Yang Chun heard was 151

Ten reports were sent to Chongzhen.

The next day, the first day of December, Chongzhen summoned Yuan Chonghuan and Zu Taishou into the palace. After asking for a few words, he ordered Yuan Chonghuan to be arrested and imprisoned in the imperial prison. Yuan Chonghuan was unjustly imprisoned, and most of the officials in the court knew that he was wronged. Cabinet University

Scholars Zhou Yanru and Cheng Ji ordered Wang Laiguangdu, the official minister, to come to the rescue. Zu Dashou, the commander-in-chief of the army, wrote a letter, willing to reduce his position to serve the people, fight to the death for the emperor, and use his rank as a gift to atone for Yuan Chonghuan's "sin". Who are Yuan Chonghuan's subordinates?

Bi led his family of more than forty people to apply outside the palace, willing to put the whole family in jail and come out in Yuan Chonghuan's place. Chongzhen refused. Chongzhen must have known very well that based on just a few words that Eunuch Yang heard from the Qing army,

It is unconvincing to convict Yuan Chonghuan on this point. Chongzhen refused to admit his mistake and his stupidity for accidentally falling into a conspiracy. He did not kill Yuan Chonghuan because he really suspected him of being rebellious, but just wanted to hide his stupidity. Forever.

Despicableness to cover up momentary stupidity.

Yuan Chonghuan's crime was finally confirmed, and it was a so-called "treason" out of nowhere.

Yuan Chonghuan was tied to the execution ground. Before the executioner took action, the people in Beijing rushed to bite his flesh until they bit his internal organs. The executioner followed the regulations and cut off his muscles with one knife. The people gathered around,

They yelled and cursed one after another and paid for his meat. One penny could only buy one piece. After buying it, they took a bite and cursed: "Traitor!" because the people in Beijing believed that he deliberately caused the Qing troops to siege the city last year.

After Yuan Chonghuan died, his bones were abandoned in the ground and no one dared to collect them for burial. He had a servant named Yu who was from Majiang, Shunde. He stole the bones in the middle of the night and buried them in Guangdong Yiyuan inside Guangqumen. It was separated by a city wall.

, on a square outside Guangqumen, in the trenches, is the place where Yuan Chonghuan led his soldiers to shout for a fierce battle eight and a half months ago. He risked his life to repel ten times the invading enemy troops, and defended the emperor and the city of Beijing.

The emperor and the people of Beijing cut him into pieces.

Yuan Chonghuan is one of the heroes I admire most. I used to read "History of the Ming Dynasty", and whenever I read the description of Yuan Chonghuan, I would always sigh with emotion for his loyalty to the country, his great achievements, and his tragic life experience. Yuan Chonghuan is in my book

He is a real hero in his heart. His great talent and heroic spirit cover the world. Even his shortcomings are heroic and shocking. He has more heroic spirit than the fictional heroes in novels. He fought bravely,

He has left traces in history. His dignity and majesty have shocked my soul many times.[

I never thought that Chang Bailing would mention such a historical hero in front of me at this time. At this time, I suddenly understood: the most important reason why Yuan Chonghuan can shock the souls of future generations is because of him.

of sadness.

Qu Yuan, Xiang Yu, Yue Fei... they are all tragic figures in history, which is why they can make people sigh even more.

I can't do that because I simply don't have the most basic quality of a hero: the courage to sacrifice everything for my ideals.

Chang Bailing looked at me, "You can't do it, right?"

I exhaled a long breath, because just now I was immersed in Yuan Chonghuan's tragic story. I didn't feel ashamed, because he was a hero, and I was just an insignificant mortal. I shook my head, "Yes,

I can not do it."

She immediately laughed, "Then why do you still think so much?"

I smiled bitterly and said, "But..."

She looked at me and said, "There is another way to solve this matter."

I was suddenly pleasantly surprised, "Oh? Then please tell me."

She smiled faintly and then said: "To solve the problems I mentioned earlier, it must be done by people with huge power. On the one hand, those officials with problems have no choice but to help themselves in the face of powerful power.

Submission, on the other hand, the huge power can control the propaganda machine to serve the needed public opinion guidance, and the people will not misunderstand because of this. I heard that Secretary Fang admires you very much, you can report the matter to Secretary Fang, as long as he

If you come forward, this matter will no longer be a problem."

I smiled bitterly and shook my head: "This is a rumor. When did Secretary Fang admire me? I only got together twice with him. He asked me some questions, and I answered him quite satisfactorily. Is this just

Call it appreciation? But what you just said makes sense, maybe I really should report this to him."

But she was looking at me with a strange smile, which made me feel uncomfortable, "Why are you looking at me like this? Can't I go find him? Didn't you say that only he can do this?"

This matter has been solved."

She was still looking at me and smiling, "Have you ever thought about it? If you go to him, wouldn't you be putting this problem in front of him? Of course, you make your own decision on this matter. But I think you should still remind him

You say: You must never tell Governor Huang or Minister Lin about this kind of thing. Think about it, if you tell Governor Huang and Minister Lin about this matter, what will they do when they find out?

To control or not to care? I have already told you the truth behind this. So, since you can’t even go to Governor Huang and Minister Lin to tell him, what about Secretary Fang? You can guarantee that after you report to him, he will

He will definitely come forward to take care of this matter? He took care of it and took it down, minimizing the losses of the people. Of course you have done a great job. But what if he also finds it difficult? Then you are not causing trouble.

On him? Think about it, will he bother you in his heart? "

I shook my head and said, "Secretary Fang shouldn't be the kind of person you imagined, right? In my opinion, he is a very principled leader."

She immediately laughed, "Do you really know him that well? He is the secretary of the provincial party committee. Not to mention you, even we, Governor Wang, cannot fathom his true inner thoughts. You are still too idealistic. But

Feng Xiao, I understand you, because you graduated from college and have not been in officialdom for too long, so you have more idealistic things in your heart, which is normal. "

I couldn't help but smile bitterly, "You're right, I am such a person. Now I understand, it's a thousand words, but a thousand words. In short, you think the only thing I should do in this matter is to pretend to be confused, right?

?”

She asked me back: "Isn't it?"
To be continued...