"The air refueling technology of aircraft originated in the 20th century and has developed to the present. There are three main aerial refueling technology: hose-floating anchor type, hard tube-flying truss type, and hybrid type. Let me first talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the three refueling technologies." Ren Shaoping wore a training uniform and said with a serious face.

"Host-floating anchor refueling technology has the advantage that several sets of refueling equipment can be installed on a large refueling machine, and several fighter jets can be refueled at the same time. Because the refueling machine and the oil receiver have relatively movement, it is safe to use a flexible hose to connect. The disadvantage is that it is quite sensitive to atmospheric turbulence, difficult to connect, and has high requirements for pilots' operating technology; secondly, the oil transfer speed is slow, about 1,500 liters per minute, so it takes a long operating time to refuel large military aircraft."

"Hard pipe-flying truss refueling technology has a fast oil transfer speed, which can reach about 6,000 liters per minute. Because it uses rigid rods, it is not very sensitive to air turbulence and has the advantages of easy connection and operation. Its disadvantage is that it can only refuel one fighter at a time, which is poor in versatility, and requires professionally trained refueling operators to operate."

"The hybrid refueling technology develops a funnel floating anchor refueling hose modification kit at the end of the refueling truss rod, and installs two sets of pipelines. Depending on the nature of the task (the oil-receiving system of the oil receiver) which set of pipelines is released. Which set of pipelines is released, which set of pipelines exists."

A group of modified students sat upright in the flight briefing room. The table in front of them was each placed detailed explanation of information about aerial refueling technology, listening carefully and quietly to Ren Shaoping's explanation.

"my country currently uses hose-floating anchor refueling technology. It currently has two types of air refueling engines, one is the domestic H-6u air refueling engine independently developed, and the other is the imported Il 78 air refueling engine. This air refueling training uses the Il-78 air refueling engine."

"Aerial refueling is often carried out at an altitude above 8,000m, that is, the same temperature (or stratosphere). In this airspace, the atmospheric temperature does not change with the altitude, and the airflow is very stable. The optimal flight altitude of modern large aircraft and advanced refueling machines is around 10,000 meters."

In Yang Luo's opinion, the previous words were useless. Only the last paragraph was of some use, but Yang Luo was still listening patiently.

Nothing else, as a student, your attitude must be correct, which is the minimum respect for teachers.

Ren Shaoping paused, took a sip of water to moisten his throat, and smiled and said, "Actually, the previous words are nonsense. It is not important to us whether we understand them or not, and I don't miss them either. However, this is stipulated in the textbook, and I must read it again."

The twelve people sitting below laughed softly to express their understanding.

Putting down the water cup, Ren Shaoping continued: "Let's talk about the four stages of refueling. First, we are rendezvous. It is necessary to ensure that the fuel-receiving aircraft and the refueling aircraft do not collide. The oil-receiving aircraft enters from below the refueling aircraft, and fly in formation before refueling below the conical pipe of the refueling machine."

"Then it is docking. The fighter slowly inserts the oil receiving pipe into the cone pipe at a speed of 0.6 to 2.5m/s faster than the tanker. To achieve absolute accuracy, this is also the most difficult step. As we said before, the fuel hose is extremely sensitive to atmospheric turbulence. After docking, the speed of the fighter needs to be reduced to synchronized with the tanker."

"The third is refueling. After the oil receiving pipe is inserted into the cone pipe, the oil circuit will be automatically connected. At this time, the most important thing is to maintain the coordination of the relative positions of the two aircraft such as altitude, speed, heading, inclination, etc. Both parties need to carefully control their respective aircraft to keep the refueling and oil receiving aircraft relatively stationary. Another point is that as the aviation fuel enters the fuel tank of the aircraft, the center of gravity of the aircraft will be slightly offset, which will change the balance of the aircraft. I don't need to say what to do, it depends on your flight technology, but I believe you have no problem."

"The last step is to break away. As the name suggests, the refueling is over and the connection is disconnected. At this time, we need to slow down slowly, slowly separate the oil receiving pipe and the conical pipe, and then quickly leave the refueling area. Be careful, it is best to dive or bend, and don't climb it without any trouble."

"Actually, it seems that it is very difficult to refuel in the air, so that's it. It's just a word of stability." Ren Shaoping looked at everyone in the audience and asked, "Do you understand?"

"clear."

Everyone nodded and replied.

"Okay, let me talk about the training arrangements below. Go up to four planes at a time and conduct aerial refueling training one by one. Those who have already been flying solo flew to the J-10c themselves, and those who have not yet flew solo, some instructors have taken the J-10s to fly. My requirements are not high. No matter how many times I dock, I will be able to succeed once. Okay, everyone will prepare." Ren Shaoping waved his hand and said.

The crowd suddenly scattered like birds and beasts, and ran to change their clothes.

Not long after, Yang Luo appeared on the way to Hangar No. 1 in his flight gear and flying helmet. They walked along with three other squadrons Xue Fei, Xu Zhiqiang and Wang Hanyu.

"The Ren team has no high requirements for you, but my requirements are higher. I will give you five chances. If the five times cannot be matched successfully, I will suggest to the regiment commander to kick you out and continue flying the J-7g. Especially you, Scorpion, have not yet gone solo, which has seriously dragged the back of our first squadron." Yang Luo said with a serious expression on the way.

"Crazy, I've been so worried about it during this period that I've been delaying my training progress. I..." Xue Fei explained.

"Isn't it just a matter of getting married? If there is a political commissar for you, what's wrong with you? Or you can't wait to hug no one anymore." Yang Luo interrupted Xue Fei and said, "Let's talk about training when training, don't think about other messy things."

Xue Fei was a little embarrassed.

"I heard that even a child is pregnant, so I can only hold a hug. Do you still want to..." Xu Zhiqiang teased, an inexplicable smile appeared on his face.

Wang Hanyu looked up and down at Xue Fei and smiled, "Huh... Xiaoqiang, I didn't expect you to be such a person."

"Xiaoqiang, I'm not finished with you. I dare to make fun of me and I want you to look good later."

Xue Fei glared at Xu Zhiqiang, and had already arrived at the hangar, heading straight towards a J-10s. Next to the fighter plane, the instructor who arrived first in the commuter car was already waiting for him.

"Okay, stop making trouble, hurry up and board the plane." Yang Luo smiled and headed towards him.

The flight was ready and was standing aside and waiting quietly. The aviation fuel, oxygen, etc. had been filled up, the engine had started, and the inspection before takeoff was over.

Check, sign, board the plane.

The No. 301 glass canopy cover slowly closed, the boarding ladder evacuated, and the crew retreated outside the safe area.
Chapter completed!