"Brother Xiao Ma, your handwriting is so beautiful!" After hearing Lin Zhi's words, everyone looked up. Lu Qingcheng shook her hands that were a little sore from cutting wood and praised.

"Qingcheng, who taught you how to read and write?" Ma Qiang found that no one looked at his wooden board with a confused expression of not knowing. It can be seen that everyone here is actually literate, which makes Ma Qiang

Qiang was really a little surprised.

This literacy rate is even higher than that of the Republic of China.

"Uncle Lin and Uncle Guo, uncle-in-law and uncle Yang can't read. Although my father can read, he doesn't usually teach us, saying that he doesn't know as much as Uncle Lin and the others." Lu Qingcheng explained.

Ma Qiang immediately understood. Also, since he knew medical skills, he must be literate, and Lin Huan was an officer before. In any era, officers need to be literate, otherwise they will not be able to read the token, let alone

The military order was carried out.

"This is a simplified font that our sect researched on its own. We call it simplified Chinese characters, also called simplified characters. You see, for example, Liu Hui brother's Liu is written like this now." Ma Qiang wrote Liu in traditional Chinese characters.

It will be such a simple and common traditional Chinese character.

"It takes fifteen drawings to write like this. Now we have simplified it to only six drawings. In this way, people who write can write more quickly and conveniently, and people who learn it will also have an easier time."

Ma Qiang explained it casually and continued to write down the formula proportions in his memory.

After writing the formula in his memory, Ma Qiang turned around and asked, "Since you can recognize the words, who can learn the best? I'm starting to make something now and I need someone to record it."

"Sister Qing Ning learned it best!" Lin Zhi raised her hand to answer.

Ma Qiang thought the same thing. Everyone else had to be busy with various tasks, and only Qing Ning had to stay at home. He had nothing to do but read and write.

"Then Qing Ning, can you help me record it?" Ma Qiang asked.

"Paper is too expensive and we don't have it in the village, so why not get animal skins." Qing Ning thought for a while and said.

Yes, there are enough animal skins here.

Start making toothpaste! Make abrasive first!

The friction agent can be calcium carbonate, to be precise, light calcium carbonate. Because light calcium carbonate has fine particles and light specific gravity, it is more suitable for toothpaste, and its raw material is lime, which is easy to produce.

Liu Hui's pot has been set up. The pot is a clay pot. There were no iron pots in this era.

Later generations thought that iron pots were very cheap, but in ancient times, iron was an extremely precious resource. The annual steel production in the Northern Song Dynasty was only 4,000 tons. Even if all of it was used to make iron pots, there would only be more than one million. So even in the

In the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the grasslands from using the iron from iron pots to make weapons, they even used the trade method of exchanging bad iron pots for good ones to control the number of iron pots flowing into the grasslands.

The pottery pot transfers heat very slowly. While waiting for the water to boil, Ma Qiang asked Liu Hui to put the finely ground limestone on Yue Liang's forge to calcine it.

The main component of limestone is calcium carbonate, which can be converted into carbon dioxide and calcium oxide after calcination.

But this calcination requires more than a thousand degrees, which is difficult to achieve with ordinary flames. This temperature can already forge iron tools, so Ma Qiang wants Yue Liang's forge for the sake of the furnace fire.

The calcined product is quicklime. Ma Qiang asked Liu Hui to take out the quicklime and put it into a wooden barrel, and then slowly add water. When the quicklime reacts with water, it will generate heat and undergo a chemical reaction to become slaked lime, which is hydrogen.

Calcium oxide, and this liquid of hydrated lime and water is called milk of lime.

While doing this, Ma Qiang explained to Liu Hui and others why such a change had occurred. Just like in the laboratory, it doesn't matter whether the scientific research dog can understand the big boss. Anyway, just write it down first.

"Okay! The next step is to react the lime water with carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is the exhaust gas we breathe...so the easiest way is to find a tube and stick it in and exhale into the lime water."

Ma Qiang looked at Liu Hui with a wicked smile. Looking at his muscles, he looked like a good coolie.

In order to seal the pipe, a wooden pipe was used. Liu Hui sat on the ground and blew into the wooden pipe desperately. The turbid lime water naturally began to bubble.

"Yes, just blow it like this. Stop when I say stop. Brother Guo Jin, are you back? Just in time, the water has boiled. I'll make glycerin. Qing Ning, please record it!"

Lu Qingning nodded curiously. Although the calcining of limestone just now was simple, Ma Qiang could explain why it changed like this. Those words that she had never heard before made Lu Qingning feel that a new world had opened.

Guo Jin glanced at Lu Qingning, his eyes darkened for a moment, and then began to cooperate with Ma Qiang.

"What we are making now is glycerol. The characteristics of glycerin are colorless, odorless, sweet, and clear and viscous liquid in appearance. Because it tastes slightly sweet and looks like oil, it is called glycerin.

In fact, many other products can be obtained while making glycerol. The main raw materials of glycerol are oil and alkaline water.

The easiest way to obtain alkaline water is plant ash water. However, because there are too many impurities in plant ash, it is only an emergency method now. When conditions improve in the future, I will teach you other methods. For now, burn the various seed shells collected.

Now, put it in the water and stir."

Ma Qiang still gave orders but did not take action. Guo Jin nodded, found another wooden barrel, and began to make preliminary preparations.

When the burned plant ash is poured into hot water, it quickly turns into a pot of black water.

Ma Qiang continued, "The next step is filtration. With or without cloth, we filter the residue. We only need water."

"Do you want to use cloth?" Lu Qingning thought for a while and said, "Then use my clothes."

"How about that?" Guo Jin immediately quit and ran to his home, saying as he ran, "I'll get my clothes."

After a while, Guo Jin took out a piece of clothing. Seeing that it was starched and washed, he knew that it was Guo Jin's precious clothing.

"Brother Guo, take these clothes out. If your mother knows about it..." Lu Qingcheng couldn't help but stood up and said when she saw the clothes Guo Jin was holding.

"It's okay. Brother Ma said that this toothpaste can be sold for a lot of money, right?" Guo Jin looked at Ma Qiang. Ma Qiang smiled, took the clothes and said, "Don't worry, you can definitely sell it for a lot of money! I guarantee you."

I won’t be able to run out of clothes from now on!”

Wrap the bucket with clothes and start filtering. After a while, a bucket of filtered plant ash water will be ready.

"The next step is to put the grease into the plant ash water and continue stirring. Brother Guo Jin, stir first. I'll go check on Brother Liu Hui." Ma Qiang asked Guo Jin to make a manual mixer, and then

Check out the results of an artificial blow machine.

Ma Qiang walked to Liu Hui and found that the lime water already had a lot of turbid sediments, so he pulled Liu Hui and said, "Okay, that's it. You see, this sediment is the light calcium carbonate we are going to use."

, collect these sediments, and then dry them slowly. Remember not to heat them too much. After removing the water, use a wooden stick to mash them. The more crushed they are, the better.”
Chapter completed!