But if CPU chips can only be produced by Intel, then IBM, as a buyer, will face huge risks. If Intel cannot supply it, or stops supplying it, then IBM will go crazy.

In order to prevent itself from being stuck by Intel's CPU chips, IBM asked Intel to license its CPU chip patents to other chip companies.

This system is called the second supplier, and it was also imitated by later large companies.

The company that obtained Intel's X86 architecture was none other than AMD.

But later, Intel grew stronger and no longer supplied IBM alone. After feeling that it could make a very good living by selling CPU chips directly, it withdrew the licensing agreement.

Next, AMD sued Intel, and the two parties fought a lawsuit for eight years. The dust was finally settled. AMD obtained the permanent use rights of the X86 architecture and Intel's compensation of one billion US dollars.

AMD's real turnaround came after the millennium when it took the lead in developing the AMD64-bit instruction set. The 64-bit system that everyone was later familiar with actually refers to the operating system made using the AMD64 instruction set.

The X86 instruction set, although it sounds large, is actually 32-bit.

Although Intel has also developed its own IA64 instruction set, it is not as easy to use as the AMD64 instruction set.

Windows has already launched 64-bit systems using the AMD64 instruction set, but Intel's IA64 instruction set is not yet mature. Let alone achieve its goal of dominating servers, it is not even mature enough to satisfy users.

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At this time, Intel picked up the cross-licensing contract it signed with AMD and happily started using the AMD64 instruction set.

AMD is naturally unwilling, but it cannot do without Intel's X86 instruction set.

Therefore, these instruction set licensing disputes ended with Intel and AMD reaching a cross-licensing agreement, allowing both companies to freely use the instruction sets developed by the other party, and Intel paying AMD $1.25 billion to take over.
Chapter completed!