Hot spring - is a kind of spring water, which is a spring water that naturally gushed out from the ground. The water temperature is 5℃ higher than the average annual temperature of the environment, or more than 10°F. The water is so hot that it can take a bath, boil dumplings, boiled green river vegetables, and mutton. It is called hot spring. Of course, because hot springs are naturally produced, water heated with firewood or water heaters cannot be considered hot springs, and at best can only be said to be hot water. In addition, according to the chemical composition classification, the main components in hot springs include chloride ions, carbonate ions, and sulfate ions. According to the proportion of these three anions, there are also hot springs mainly composed of other ingredients, such as Chongcao Spring (mainly sodium bicarbonate), bicarbonate sap springs, salt springs (mainly sodium chloride ions), and chlorinated soil

Salt spring, Glauber's salt spring (mainly sodium sulfate ions), gypsum spring (mainly calcium sulfate), Zhengjuwei Spring (mainly magnesium sulfate), iron-containing spring (white sulfonate), copper-containing, iron-containing spring (also known as bronze spring). Among them, salt springs are also called salt springs. They can be divided into weak salt springs and strong salt springs according to the amount of chloride salt. According to the geological classification to produce hot springs, hot springs can be classified into igneous rock hot springs, metamorphic rock hot springs, and sedimentary rock hot springs. According to the physical properties of the hot springs, according to the temperature, activity, type and other physical properties of the hot springs, and according to the temperature difference between the temperature and the local surface temperature when the hot springs flow out of the surface, they can be divided into four types: low-temperature hot springs, medium-temperature hot springs, high-temperature hot springs, and boiling hot springs. The formation conditions must have three conditions: there is a heat source underground, cracks in the rock strata to allow hot springs to surge out, and there is a space for storing hot water in the formation.

Springs with water temperatures exceeding 20℃. Springs with water temperatures exceeding the local average annual temperature are also called hot springs. The water of hot springs is mostly caused by precipitation or surface water seeping into the deep underground, absorbing the heat of the surrounding rocks, and then rising out of the surface. Generally, mineral springs. Springs with spring water temperatures equal to or slightly exceeding the boiling point of the local water are called boiling springs; hot springs that can periodically and rhythmically spray water are called geysers. There are about 2,400 hot springs in China. There are many hot springs in Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Tibet and other places, the most of which is Yunnan, with more than 400 hot springs. Tengchong's hot springs are the most famous, with a large number, high water temperature and rich in sulfur. The world's famous geysers are mainly distributed in Iceland, Yellowstone Park in the United States and Taobo in the North Island of New Zealand.

The origin of hot springs

Origin: Where does the hot spring culture originate? This answer may be too old to be verified. At the beginning, humans discovered hot springs and found that animals recovered from fatigue in spring water. It is said that the Japanese did not know that hot springs had the function of treating diseases at first. Later, they saw an injured animal miraculously recovering after soaking in the hot springs, which made them begin to seriously study the function of hot springs. Modern people gradually regarded hot springs as a method of leisure and health, decompression and even treatment, and this trend quickly spread around the world. Qin Shihuang built the "Lishan Soup" to treat sores. Xu Fu drifted to Kayama Prefecture, Japan for the sake of mountains and seas. The "Xu Fu" soup is still preserved.

Hot Spring Bath. By the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of Tang specially built the "hot spring palace". The poet also left a lot of creations to describe the situation of beauties bathing from hot springs, which shows the long history and culture of hot springs in my country. It is not necessary to say more about the degree of Japanese love for hot springs. Three steps, one small soup, five steps, one big soup. Soaking has become a very important part of Japanese daily life. It has also developed a set of bathing culture and hot spring therapeutic effects that are different from other countries. We call it "Tangzhi Culture". The ancient Romans of the European continent, which also has a long history, induced the spring water to heat and flow to the built baths for people to use. Among them, famous hot spring baths in Bath, England and Turkey are still in use.

[Edit this section] The formation of hot springs

The formation of hot springs. The formation of hot springs can generally be divided into two types: one is formed by magma inside the earth's crust, or is accompanied by volcanic eruptions. The alive and dead mountain terrain areas where volcanic activity has been active. The surface of the crust plates is raised due to the movement of the crust plates, and there are still uncooled magma below the ground, which will continuously release a large amount of heat energy. Because the heat concentration of such heat sources, as long as the water-containing rock formation with pores nearby will not only be heated to become hot water at high temperatures, but most of them will boil into steam. Most of them are sulfate springs. The second is formed by the permeation and circulation of surface water. That is to say, when rainwater falls to the surface and penetrates downward, the aquifers deep into the deep crust form groundwater (sandstone, conglomerate, volcanic rock, these good aquifers). Groundwater is heated by the geothermal below to become hot water. Most of the hot water contains gases. These gases are mainly carbon dioxide. When the temperature of the hot water rises,

If there is a dense and water-impermeable rock layer blocking the way, the pressure will become higher and higher, so that the hot water and steam are in a high-pressure state and will surge up as soon as there are cracks. The pressure will gradually decrease when the hot water rises, and the pressure will gradually decrease. As the pressure gradually decreases, the gas contained in it will gradually expand, reducing the density of hot water. These expanded steam will be more conducive to the rise of hot water. The rising hot water and the cold water that sinks later are hot due to different density (hydrostatic pressure)

Repeated circulation of convection occurs. When the resistance of open cracks is small, the cracks rise and flow out of the surface, and hot water will continue to flow out of the ground, forming a hot spring. With the cooperation of the terrain of the mountains and deep valleys, the ground water at the bottom of the valley may be lower than the ground water level in the mountains, so the deep valley bottom may be the place with the largest hydrostatic pressure difference, and the possibility of hot water gushing out from the valley bottom should be the greatest. Most hot springs occur in riverbeds in the valley

Generally speaking, the formation of hot springs requires the following three conditions:

(1) Hot water must exist underground;

(2) There must be a hydrostatic pressure difference that causes hot water to surge;

(III) There must be deep and long cracks in the rock to supply heated water to reach the ground.

Taiwan is located in the Pacific Rim seismic zone, located between the two major plates of Eurasia and the Pacific, which is one of the most developed volcanic activities, which has created Taiwan's three volcanic systems -> Datun Volcanic System (Keelung Volcano, Guishan Island), the eastern coastal mountains and the Penghu Islands area, but most volcanoes are extinct volcanoes. Since there are still uncooled volcanic rock oars that continue to flow deep underground, geothermal heat also causes Taiwan's hot spring distribution and activities to be quite active, so it can often occur in the volcanic area.

Hot springs and fume holes are present. The sulfides of volcanic hot springs need to be heated before they dissolve in water in large quantities, forming "sulfuric springs (gypsum springs, commonly known as sulfuric springs)" and "hydrochloric springs". Another main system is to run through both sides of the central mountain range of the island. The number of hot springs in this area accounts for more than 80% of the total number of hot springs in this area, which are metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Because they are rich in hydrogen carbonate ions and interact with the minerals in the rocks, they are mostly neutral or alkaline.

The natural outcrop of groundwater with a temperature significantly higher than the local average temperature and lower than (equal to) 45℃ is called a hot spring. The maximum water temperature of a hot spring can reach above 70℃.

The water is so hot that it can take a bath, boil dumplings, boil green river vegetables, and mutton hotpot are called hot springs. Of course, because hot springs are naturally produced, water heated with firewood or water heaters cannot be considered hot springs, and at best they can only be said to be hot water.

[Edit this section] Uses of hot springs

Because hot springs are naturally produced hot water, the value of hot springs has been widely used by humans and animals since ancient times. Therefore, you can use hot springs to do the following;

1. Bathing: This is the basic purpose of hot springs, especially those who love to be clean and enjoy.

2. Boil tea eggs: Taiwanese people often do this kind of thing when cooking tea eggs in hot springs. As for whether it tastes delicious, you can cook them yourself?

3. Sichuan hot spring green pesticide: It is understood that up to 99% of hot springs contain high minerals. Therefore, if someone considers taking Qingjiang hot springs to eat with Sichuan hot springs, no one objected to this.

*''''Cooking hot pot''': Because hot springs are full of hot water all year round, [[someone] soaks in hot springs until they are hungry, so they bring hot pot ingredients and sauces to the hot springs and cook them while they are soaked. [[It is said that][[Giroro]] of [[Keroro]] once did this.

*'''''Cooking glutinous rice balls''': Use the hot springs to cook glutinous rice balls to eat. This is a unique way to soak in the festivals. As long as the glutinous rice balls are poured into the hot springs, there is no need to add any ingredients. When the glutinous rice balls are cooked, they will float on the water. Of course, you can pick them up one by one at this time.

[Edit this section] How to identify hot springs

Generally speaking, places with hot springs in all countries around the world will set up signs. However, the most direct way is to identify hot springs by water temperature.

0℃: This is called ice water, not hot springs.

10℃: This is called cold water, not hot springs.

20℃: This is called ordinary water, but for people from the United States and European countries who are afraid of hot, it is already a hot spring.

30℃: This temperature is exactly the water temperature for Chinese people to take a bath.

40℃: For Japanese people with thick skin, all water temperatures below 40℃ are called cold water.

50℃: In Hokkaido, if there is no such temperature, it is not qualified to be called a hot spring.

60℃: For Opasan with rheumatic pain, this is the best water temperature for treating rheumatic pain.

70℃: If someone wants to cook tea and eggs while soaking in the hot spring, the water temperature is just right.

80℃: For people who like to eat dumplings or glutinous rice balls, this water temperature can just meet your needs.

90℃: This water temperature is just enough to satisfy the entertainment of eating hot pot while soaking in hot springs. Of course, some people want to eat Kanto cooked by the way, which is also a good idea.

100℃: Because the water temperature of Qingjiang cuisine is not higher than 100℃, it will not be cooked. Therefore, if someone wants to eat Qingjiang cuisine while washing, it is best not to soak the hot springs with a water temperature below 100℃.

110℃: Just like boiling green vegetables, if you want to eat shabu shabu shabu without this water temperature, the meat slices will not be cooked. However, Wikipedia reminds you that if your skin is not thick enough or you are not invincible iron and steel, you should just shabu shabu shabu shabu shabu shabu shabu shabu shabu shabu, otherwise no one can guarantee the consequences of shabu shabu shabu. It is said that the White Bone Hot Spring in Nagano Prefecture, Japan's actress Guo Nagano Prefecture is a hot spring for people to eat shabu shabu.

[Edit this section] Types and efficacy of hot springs

Hot spring is a natural therapy. Most chemical substances are precipitated on the skin, changing the pH of the skin, so they have the effects of absorption, precipitation and removal. The chemical substances can stimulate the autonomic nerves, endocrine and immune system. Although hot springs are beneficial to physical health, some people say that they can treat skin diseases, heart diseases, and eliminate fatigue, but you should still pay attention to it not to cure all diseases. Be careful of its dangers and remind you that you can drink enough and eat enough and do not enter the water immediately. Hot springs have different therapeutic effects depending on the quality of springs. As a whole, the following reference content is provided:

Spring quality treatment effect

Acid carbonate spring igneous rock hot spring forms gray mud, which can apply to the face to whiten the skin

Acid sulfate chloride fountain has therapeutic effect on skin diseases

Acid sulfur spring skin disease, rheumatism, women's disease and athlete's foot

Acid rock sulfate chronic skin disease

Alkaline Hydrocarbonate Neurological Pain, Skin Disease, Arthritis

Slightly acidic simple spring rheumatism and skin diseases

Weak alkaline carbonate spring skin disease, rheumatism, arthritis

Slightly salty carbonate neuralgia, skin diseases, arthritis, colorless and odor-free

Weak alkaline sulfur spring neuralgia, anemia, and chronic poisoning have an improvement effect

Sulfate Spring Volcanic Geothermal Hot Spring, Strong Sulphur Flavor, Treats Skin Diseases

Sulfate chloride spring arthritis, muscle soreness, neuralgia, gout

Sulfur carbonate chronic diseases such as neuralgia, skin diseases, arthritis

Bicarbonate Spring Neurological Pain, Skin Disease, Arthritis, Hong Kong Foot

Neurological pain, anemia

Low temperature neutral bicarbonate hot spring chronic skin disease

Neutral carbonic acid hot spring skin disease, rheumatism, women's disease and athlete's foot

The water quality of chloride springs is smooth and can cure skin diseases, rheumatism, and nerve pain

[Edit this section] Common knowledge about taking a hot spring bath

Many benefits to bathe in hot springs

Data show that hot spring hot baths can not only relax muscles and joints and eliminate fatigue; they can also expand blood vessels, promote blood circulation, and accelerate human metabolism.

In addition, most hot springs are rich in chemical substances, which are of some help to the human body. For example, calcium carbonate in hot springs has a considerable effect on improving physical fitness and restoring physical strength; while hot springs are rich in calcium, potassium, radon and other ingredients in hot springs have certain effects on adjusting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and treating diabetes, gout, neuralgia, arthritis, etc.; while sulfur springs can soften keratin, and carbonated water containing sodium has the effect of bleaching and softening the skin.

The key to taking a hot spring bath is to persist for a long time

According to the relevant person in charge of Nan Hot Spring, it is unrealistic to only rely on holidays to bathe hot springs once or twice on interest to achieve the purpose of health or beauty. It must be persisted for a long time to be effective.

Hot spring bath is not suitable for everyone

Although hot spring baths have various health benefits, not everyone can use them.

Experts remind that patients with hypertension and heart disease can soak in hot springs under the premise of taking regular medication, but it is best not to exceed 20 minutes each time. Be careful and slow when getting up to prevent dizziness and falling due to blood vessel dilation and blood pressure drop. The sulfur and other acid and alkali substances contained in hot springs can be anti-inflammatory and sterilized, and are very effective for general infectious or parasitic skin diseases. However, sometimes it can irritate the skin and worsen the wound, and even lead to "hot spring skin diseases". Therefore, for some skin diseases, it is not advisable to soak in hot springs. For people suffering from eczema, atopic dermatitis, etc., soaking in hot water for too long will accelerate the evaporation of skin moisture and destroy the skin protective layer, which can also lead to worsening of symptoms.

Soaking in a hot spring may seem simple, but not everyone knows how to soak scientifically. A staff member of Cimushan Hot Spring told reporters that when bathing in a hot spring, you should try to close your eyes as much as possible, take a deep breath with a meditation mood to truly release the pressure of your body and mind. Moreover, when soaking in a hot spring, do not start from a pool with too hot water, start from a pool with mild water; do not soak in a hot spring for more than 10 minutes each time, and let the upper chest of your body be exposed to the water surface or rest from the water; do not soak at the water level that passes through the chest for more than 10 minutes each time, soak in time with the milder pool water or the body is exposed to the water surface and rest before soaking. The temperature of the hot spring is high, and there will be discomfort such as sweating, dry mouth, chest tightness, etc. after soaking, which is a normal reaction of too fast blood circulation. At this time, change to soak in cold water or soak in a little while, and drink more water to soak.

In addition, experts remind that people with heart disease and high blood pressure should be accompanied by soaking together. If you are not used to it, you should immediately go to water and rest. Do not soak when you are hungry, because it is easy to cause fatigue. You must take a nap after meals or take a short rest before soaking. You must sleep well after drinking before soaking. Otherwise, bathing will stimulate blood circulation, causing exhaustion of physical strength, and may cause accidents. If you are too tired from a long journey, do not suddenly enter the hot spring. You must take a break and wait for your physical strength to recover before soaking. After soaking in the hot spring, the water in the human body will evaporate quickly. Remember to drink water in time to replenish it.

Things to note when taking a hot spring bath

1. Remember to take off the metal jewelry on your body, otherwise you will be sad to find that your beloved jewelry has been vulcanized to black.

2. Avoid taking an empty stomach, soaking in hot springs after meals, and the time for eating should be at least one hour apart.

3. Choose a hot spring pool that adapts to your own high, medium and low temperatures, usually from low to high temperature, only 15-20 minutes each time.

4. Hot springs should not be soaked for a long time, otherwise there will be chest tightness, thirst, dizziness, etc. When you feel dry mouth and chest tightness in the spring water, you must go to the pond to rest or drink some drink to replenish your water.

5. It is best for people with dry skin to apply moisturizing lotion immediately after soaking in the hot spring to avoid discomfort due to large loss of moisture in the skin.

6. Do not soak in hot springs that are too hot and sour. The temperature is more suitable to be between 30 and 45℃.

7. It is best not to sleep alone to avoid accidents.

8. After soaking in the hot spring, you don’t have to rinse it with clean water. However, strong acidic hot springs and hydrogen sulfide hot springs are more irritating. It is best to rinse it again to prevent side effects and people with skin allergies should pay more attention.

9. According to the water quality, hot springs are generally divided into four types: neutral carbonate springs, alkaline sodium bicarbonate springs, salt springs and sulfur springs. Different water quality of hot springs has different therapeutic effects on different diseases. For example, simple springs with various ingredients have therapeutic effects on neuralgia, rheumatism, skin diseases, etc.; carbonate springs containing carbon dioxide are beneficial for treating hypertension and heart disease. Therefore, before taking a hot spring, it is best to understand the types of hot springs and choose according to their own conditions to truly achieve the expected purpose of bathing in hot springs and avoid causing harm to the body.

People who are not suitable for hot spring baths

1. People with skin allergies should not take hot springs.

2. Pregnant women should not take hot springs after surgery.

3. Diabetic patients should not take hot baths, saunas and hot springs for a long time, because the high water temperature can accelerate the absorption of insulin injected by the patient. Moreover, long-term overheating of the body increases the energy consumption of the body and increase the burden on the heart, making it easy to cause accidents. It is recommended that diabetic patients should not take more than 20 minutes during bathing, and the water temperature should not exceed 40 degrees Celsius to avoid accidents.

4. People who are prone to insomnia should not soak for a long time.

5. People with heart disease, high blood pressure or physical discomfort should not take hot springs unless the doctor allows it.

Steps to soak in a hot spring

The first step is to test the pool temperature. First use your hands or feet to detect whether the spring water temperature is appropriate. Never jump into the hot spring swimming pool all at once.
To be continued...