Chapter 3 Confrontation between Han and Hungarians

Section 1: Policy towards Hungary in the post-Liu Bang era

The Xiongnu were still not destroyed, and Wei Jiang returned to the army.

I say farewell to the three rivers and chase heroes from six counties.

Yanshan Mountain crosses to the north, and the Fox Fortress connects to the clouds.

Don't let Yan Ran go up, but leave Han generals to do their best.

Liu Bang grew up from a small pavilion in Surabaya to later ruled the world, defeating countless powerful opponents, but he did not destroy the Huns during his lifetime, and had to adopt a fraternal policy towards the Huns. Liu Bang passed away with regrets. Although Liu Bang

died, but the battle between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu continued.

After Liu Bang's death, Prince Liu Ying ascended the throne, also known as Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, but the government was in the hands of Empress Lu. With Empress Lu taking control of the government, naturally some people in the court were dissatisfied. Mao Dun thought that the opportunity had come, so he prepared to attack

Han Dynasty.

But after all, Mao Dun was the son-in-law of the Han Dynasty in name. He decided to challenge the Han Dynasty by adopting the method of courtesy first and then fighting. In 191 BC, Mao Dun wrote a very rude letter to Empress Lu, asking her to

Marry yourself. What kind of political strongwoman Queen Lu is? How could he endure such a shame and humiliation?

Empress Lu immediately summoned Chen Ping, Fan Kuai and other ministers to prepare to send troops to attack the Xiongnu. Fan Kuai liked fighting. When he heard that he was going to fight the Xiongnu, he immediately showed great enthusiasm and volunteered to lead an army of 100,000 to attack the Xiongnu.

As soon as Fan Kuai finished speaking, Ji Bu said that Fan Kuai deserved death for saying such words. Back then, you commanded an army of 320,000 people, but you failed to lift the siege of Baideng. Now, you can say that with an army of 100,000 people, you can run rampant against the Huns.

Isn't it the crime of deceiving the emperor?

Ji Bu also presented the facts and reasoned. He said that it took a lot of effort to reach Liu Bang first and finally choose the strategy of marriage to stabilize the Huns. Now that the late emperor has just passed away, we must go against his policy and start a war with the Huns.

This undoubtedly once again dragged the Han Dynasty into the abyss.

After hearing this, Empress Lu gradually calmed down, so she sent an envoy to the Xiongnu with his own handwritten letter, a woman from the clan, and finances. The letter basically said that he was old and frail, so he gave it to you.

A younger and more beautiful woman from the Han Dynasty has contributed so much property to you. If the Han Dynasty has offended you in any way, please forgive me.

Empress Lu's words can be said to be very groveling. When Mao Dun saw that the Han Dynasty had sent so many things, he gave up the idea of ​​going south. He also sent an envoy to ask for Empress Lu's forgiveness. He also wanted to do so.

Lay the foundation for future requests for property.

In the following ten years, the relationship between Han and Huns maintained a relatively stable relationship. Over the years, the Huns were afraid of Empress Lu, so they did not provoke any large-scale war.

Finally, in 180 BC, Empress Lu died. Zhou Bo and Chen Ping launched a coup to get rid of the kings of the Lu family, and then left the acting king Liu Heng as emperor. In 179 BC, Liu Heng ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor. This was the beginning of history.

Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty.

Liu Heng's fiefdom was very close to the Huns, so she was very familiar with the nature of the Huns. As soon as Liu Heng took office, he immediately sent a clan daughter to continue the marriage with the Huns, and on the other hand, he consolidated the border and strengthened defense.

Mao Dun originally thought that the Han Dynasty would be like the Qin Dynasty, and would fall into chaos once Liu Bang died, but he did not expect that the Han Dynasty would not fall into civil strife, but would become stronger and stronger. Mao Dun was almost 60 years old at this time, and if he did not complete the

His long-cherished wish may have no chance. So he sent a small army and decided to test Liu Heng.

In 177 BC, King Maodunpan Youxian led his army to rob the Hetao Plain. Although when Liu Heng was the acting king, the Huns cavalry often came to his territory to plunder. But now Liu Heng's identity has changed, and he has become

He was the emperor of the Han Dynasty. In addition, he had just ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, and he had to establish his imperial power in front of the ministers and the people of the world. Therefore, Liu Heng desperately prepared to go on a personal expedition, but the ministers refused to listen. In the end, he had to invite Liu Heng's mother

Empress Dowager Bo came forward to dissuade Liu Heng, so Liu Heng finally agreed not to fight in person. Liu Heng appointed Prime Minister Guan Ying as commander-in-chief and led 85,000 chariots and cavalry to fight against King Youxian. At the same time, he also wrote a letter to reprimand Mao Dun for violating the peace treaty.

When King Youxian of the Xiongnu saw the Han army approaching, he led his army to escape. Originally, Guan Ying was going to lead the army to continue the pursuit, but at this time, King Liu Xingju of Jibei rebelled, and Liu Heng ordered the army to stop the pursuit.

Mao Dun was strongly condemned by the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty. He killed the envoys in anger. Then he heard the news that King Youxian was driven back. Mao Dun knew that Liu Heng was not that

He was easy to mess with, so he temporarily gave up the idea of ​​continuing to conquer the south. He decided to continue to maintain friendly relations with the Han Dynasty during his lifetime and develop his power on the grassland.

Mao Dun ordered another attack on the Yuezhi. The Yuezhi were forced to move west again and retreated to the Ili River Basin. The Huns completely occupied the land west of Hexi. This place is in today's Gansu and western Inner Mongolia. Mao Dun heard that King Youxian

After occupying this place, Mao Dun was very happy and went to the high mountain there to worship in person, and named the mountain Qilian Mountain.

Soon, 26 small countries in the Western Regions surrendered to the Xiongnu. From then on, these countries became vassal states of the Xiongnu. Up to now, the Xiongnu not only dominated the entire northern grassland, but also controlled the Western Regions.

After consolidating his rear area, Mao Dun turned his attention to the Han Dynasty. He did not take direct military action, but wanted to use intimidation to frighten the Han Dynasty. So he proposed that the Han Dynasty continue to make peace and send the princess to him.

and finances to the Huns.

In his letter to Liu Heng, Mao Dun first expressed his previous violation of the treaty strategy. The Han Dynasty border was not the Xiongnu's original intention. It was just because the officials on the Han Dynasty border invaded the Huns that the Huns wanted to take revenge. Then he showed the current situation.

The Xiongnu was so powerful that all 26 countries in the Western Regions became subjects of the Xiongnu. Finally, he said that for the sake of the overall situation of both Han and Xiongnu, I decided to cease war with the Han Dynasty and live in friendship from generation to generation.

First of all, the first meaning expressed by Mao Dun was purely to shirk responsibility. It was clearly Mao Dun who wanted to send troops to attack the Han Dynasty, but he said that he was instigated by his subordinates. Then he showed off his achievements to Liu Heng, showing that the Huns were now

The Xiongnu are powerful. And they also proposed to the Han Dynasty in a high-profile manner that we Xiongnu want to continue to maintain friendly relations with you, so it is up to you whether you want to continue the marriage or not.

Liu Heng immediately summoned the ministers to discuss countermeasures in the court. Most people believed that they should continue to maintain relations with Qingdao with the Xiongnu and try not to provoke war. In the end, Liu Heng agreed to the Xiongnu's marriage request, and Liu Heng returned to Maodun.

received a letter.

This letter is also very well written. On the one hand, it expresses that although you have tried every means to make excuses, we have nothing to do with you. From now on, I hope you will restrain your officials and not violate the covenant.

The Han and Hungarian sides continued to implement the policy of peace and marriage. Not long after, Mao Dun passed away and his son Laoshang Shanyu succeeded to the throne.

When the old Shanyu just succeeded to the throne, the Han and Hungarians still maintained close relations. Liu Heng also gave the princess who was originally married to Maodun to the old Shanyu.

But this marriage was a huge mistake for the Han Dynasty, because a traitor appeared in the marriage team.

The thing is, although the girl sent by the Han Dynasty was not the biological daughter of the emperor, she was still a daughter of the royal family, and the wedding etiquette was completely in accordance with the standards of a princess. The habits between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu were so different, it must be

A group of servants and slaves serving the princess must be sent to follow her.

There was an eunuch named Zhong Xingshuo in the marriage team this time. It stands to reason that he could only do whatever the imperial court asked him to do. But when he received the order from the emperor to follow him in the marriage ceremony, he expressed his unwillingness to go.

The eunuch who went to bring him flowers threatened him and said that this was the emperor's personal order. The Bank of China said again and again, don't scare me with the emperor. I told you in advance that it's okay for me to go, but after I go

It will definitely become a serious problem for the Han Dynasty, and you will have to pay a heavy price. The eunuch who passed the message ignored him, and the Bank of China said that he was sent to the Huns unwillingly.

After arriving in the Xiongnu, Zhongxingshuo became the right-hand man of the old Shanyu, advising him on how to deal with the Han Dynasty.

The old Shang Shanyu was very happy to be recognized by the Bank of China. From then on, he was very favored and regarded him as his confidant.

At first, the Huns did not have their own writing or books, and everything depended on word of mouth. Zhongxing said that although he was just a eunuch, he had read a lot of books in the court and was proficient in many political skills.

Strategy. After gaining the support of the old Shanyu, Bank of China began to implement reforms in the Xiongnu.

Due to the friendly relations between the Han and Huns for so many years, the Han Dynasty gave the Huns a large amount of property every year, plus the property the Huns themselves robbed. This allowed the Huns to appreciate the exquisite items in the Central Plains, which they used to plunder from the Central Plains.

They came here and drank the fine wines brewed in the Central Plains. Many people began to yearn for the Central Plains. This trend was something the Han Dynasty wanted to see, but the Xiongnu rulers were very worried about this phenomenon.

The Bank of China said that he would give advice to the old Shanyu. He suggested strengthening the ideological and cultural control of the Huns, so that the Huns would respect their own customs and not be corrupted by the materials of the Han Dynasty.

The old Shang Shanyu adopted his suggestion and began to take measures to prevent the Huns from sinicizing.

In addition to these, in order to help the Huns improve their sense of national identity and self-confidence, the Bank of China also made a fuss about the unforgettable letters between the Han and Huns. He wanted to show in the credential that the Xiongnu chanyu was nobler than the Han emperor. In order to help

The Xiongnu made the country rich and powerful, and the Bank of China said that it also passed on the management experience of the Han Dynasty to the Huns. It promoted the tax calculation and collection management experience of the Han Dynasty in the Xiongnu, and helped the Xiongnu improve the judicial system and strengthen the constraints on the Xiongnu nobles.

This series of reform measures consolidated the rule of the old Shanyu, and the Xiongnu's national power flourished. The Bank of China said that it also suggested that the old Shanyu send some troops to harass the Han Dynasty again.

In 166 BC, Shanyu personally led 140,000 Xiongnu cavalry to invade the Han Dynasty. The Xiongnu army captured several passes, killed many local people, and plundered many people, livestock and property.

The Xiongnu cavalry was forced to Chang'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty. Liu Heng was very panicked when he saw this situation, and immediately made strategic arrangements to have the army defend the capital. Then he sent a large army to attack the Xiongnu, and Lao Shang Shanyu stayed in the fortress.

After more than a month, when he saw the Han army approaching in large numbers, he led his men to withdraw from the outside of the wall.

In the days that followed, Lao Shang Shanyu often sent cavalry to attack the Han Dynasty border. Liu Heng felt deeply that he was in danger, so he could only strengthen the border defense on the one hand, and on the other hand, continue to send envoys to show goodwill to the Huns.

In 162 BC, Liu Heng had to send another princess to be married to Shanyu, and the two sides temporarily eased their relations again.

Short story: Temptation is the bright red, beautiful, mouth-watering apple, but if you eat it, you will be poisoned and die. Temptation is the fragrant jar of honey, but if you touch it, you will die.

It sticks to you and puts you in a situation where you can't move; temptation is a pair of small and exquisite red dancing shoes that you can't put down, but if you put them on, you will keep dancing until you die of exhaustion. Human life

In this world, you have to withstand all kinds of temptations.

This is an era with abundant opportunities and unlimited temptations. Faced with the social reality of "squandering flowers gradually becoming more charming", a person who pursues happiness must be able to withstand loneliness and temptation, and always keep his integrity and himself.

The bottom line is that we must not lose our principles and positions, let alone allow our desires to expand without limit.

Life is an endless, endless, merciless battle. If you want to be happy, you have to fight against invisible enemies all the time. The fatal forces in your instincts and the desires that mess with your mind can make you degenerate or even commit suicide.

Thoughts of destruction are all stubborn enemies of this kind. The seven emotions and six desires are inevitable, so it is inevitable that we will not be impacted and tempted by thoughts such as anger, ignorance, greed, etc. What is important is whether we always stick to our beliefs in our hearts and live in the precepts.

Concentration, in concentration arises wisdom.

To be able to endure loneliness, temptation, and pressure, in the final analysis, a person needs to have inner concentration.

Use your determination to resist temptation, allow yourself to think about life with perspective, plan your life, and gain peace of mind!

A large company is preparing to hire a small car driver with a high salary. After layers of screening and examinations, only three competitors with the best skills are left. The examiner asked them: There is a piece of gold on the edge of the cliff. Drive your car to get it.

When you drive to get it, how close do you think you can get to the cliff without falling?" "Two meters." said the first person. "Half a meter." The second person said confidently. "I

I will try my best to stay as far away from the cliff as possible," said the third person. As a result, the company accepted the third person.

The important thing in life is not where you stand, but the direction you are heading. The first step to get out of the trough is not to sink deeper and deeper. People must learn to be vigilant at all times to ensure that they are not tempted by beautiful illusions and die on the rocks. A person
Chapter completed!