Chapter 2 The rise of the Xiongnu and the Han’s strategic considerations in facing the Xiongnu

Section 1: Crossing the Great Wall became the first hurdle for the Huns

Regardless of the Han family's martial intention, they also believe that the wolf is eager to fight.

How could it be that there are few beauties in the imperial court because of the abundance of wedding goods and wealth?

The daughter was chosen from the clan and given to the people of Qi.

If you ask a minister for your nephew, who will be willing to negotiate peace at that time?

After the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, it turned its guns to attack the Xiongnu. General Meng Tian drove the Xiongnu all the way to Mobei. Later, the second generation of the Qin Dynasty died, and Chu and Han fought for Liu Bang to gain the world. The Xiongnu also took advantage of the conflict between Chu and Han.

After reviving the national power, the Huns' cavalry suddenly appeared in front of the newly established Han Dynasty. So, how should the Han Dynasty deal with the Huns? What interesting things will happen between the Han and Huns? Finally, in the early years of the Han Dynasty, another

What strategies will be chosen to deal with the Huns will be presented to you in this chapter.

The Xiongnu became a super military power on the grassland, and took advantage of the conflict between Chu and Han to plunder a lot of land in the Central Plains. However, the Xiongnu's invasion of the Central Plains at this time was still small-scale, because there was an artificial obstacle in front of it.

The obstacle is the thousands of years of peace that the Qin Dynasty bought for the Chinese nation at the cost of its own destruction, and that is the Great Wall. Of course, in addition to the Great Wall, the Huns also have some considerations of their own. But if the Huns want to further conquer the Central Plains, they must

Overcome this obstacle - the Great Wall.

For the Han Dynasty, the rise of the Xiongnu was undoubtedly a huge threat to the Han Dynasty. How to eliminate this threat became the first major issue that Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, needed to consider. In fact, the Great Wall was not built by the Qin Dynasty.

Of course, its main body was established by Qin Shihuang. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, some powerful countries began to build the Great Wall in border areas in order to resist the barbarians. Before the establishment of the Qin State, there were several sections of the Great Wall intermittently, and

Connecting the various observation towers through the city wall was the prototype of the early Great Wall.

Because the Xiongnu were nomadic people, they would run away in groups after looting and would not stay stationed. This was not conducive to resistance and attack by the Central Plains army. They would kill the people they encountered in the Central Plains and rob good things whenever they encountered them.

As soon as the Central Plains army gathered, they scattered and fled. Even if they sent out troops to pursue them, they didn't know who to chase. Therefore, in this case, the Central Plains Dynasty could only suffer a dumb loss. But after suffering a lot of dumb losses, it gradually figured out the rules.

The Huns usually invaded in autumn and winter, and retreated outside the Great Wall in spring and summer. This was mainly because the grassland pastures grew vigorously in spring and summer, and the Huns were busy with nomadic production. When the grasslands withered in autumn and winter, their lives fell into embarrassment, and they had to think of new ways.

, then we can only rely on robbery. The behavior of the Huns forced the people of the Central Plains to build forts on the border and gather together to live. In spring and summer, most people were engaged in production activities, and a small number of people were responsible for monitoring the Huns. In autumn and winter, everyone entered

The fortress is armed and ready for battle.

In the process of long-term dealings with the Huns, the Central Plains people summed up effective methods to defend against the Huns. They built fortresses on the mountains bordering the northern nomads, set up beacon towers on them, connected the beacon towers, and sent some people

As soon as they found nomadic tribes attacking, these people who were on alert would light beacons, call on nearby soldiers and civilians to put down their farm work, and take up arms to mount the Great Wall to defend and resist.

These fortresses and beacons effectively protected the production and life of the people in the border areas. When there were no tribal attacks, the people could safely devote themselves to agricultural production. After continuous consolidation and expansion by subsequent generations, the border area between the Central Plains and the northern nomads finally

A large-scale Great Wall is formed on the mountains.

During the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao and Yan, which bordered the Xiongnu, all built the Great Wall on their northern borders. However, because these three countries built the Great Wall separately, it did not form an organic whole, and there were gaps in the middle. Sometimes

The Huns invaded the Central Plains through these gaps. It can be seen that the strategic defense function of the Great Wall at this time still had certain loopholes.

After Qin Shihuang conquered and unified the six kingdoms, he sent General Meng Tian to lead 300,000 Qin troops to attack the Xiongnu tribe in the Hetao area. This battle forced Touman Shanyu to lead the Xiongnu tribe to move north, and led to them being defeated for more than a dozen years in the future.

During the year, they did not dare to go south to herd horses, let alone cross the Great Wall to plunder.

Qin Shihuang knew better than anyone else that it was impossible to stop the Huns from invading south by just relying on one or two victories. Therefore, to achieve this goal, he had to improve the original Great Walls of Qin, Zhao and Yan and

Connect them together, station troops in important places, and form a complete defense system. Only in this way can we truly realize the great cause of eternal rule envisioned by Qin Shihuang.

In order to build the Great Wall, Qin Shihuang recruited more than 300,000 migrant workers. Although this matter was beneficial to the country and the people, and a great cause that will last forever, it was indeed a very tiring and overworked labor for the migrant workers at that time. Countless people

They became the bones that laid the foundation at the foot of the Great Wall, so a large-scale peasant uprising broke out later. But it has to be said that the Great Wall built by Qin Shihuang, which stretches from Lintao, Gansu in the west to Liaodong in the east, had a great impact on future generations.

For the rulers of the Central Plains, as long as the Great Wall is still firmly in their hands, no matter how powerful the nomads in the north are, they will not be able to cross the Great Wall on a large scale and pose a threat to the Central Plains countries.

Although Qin Shihuang died, he left behind a Great Wall. No matter how talented Maodun Chanyu was, he could only sigh when he saw this defense. During the Chu-Han War, the famous Qin general Meng Tian had already been sentenced to death.

, Wang Li, who replaced him, was also transferred away. Most of the soldiers on the Great Wall border fortress were transferred away, but a considerable number of soldiers were still left to garrison. As a result, the Huns' cavalry was still unable to cross the Great Wall on a large scale, so at that time the Huns had to

Emphasis was placed on conquering other tribes in the steppe.

After Mao Dun dominated the grassland, Liu Bang had also defeated Xiang Yu and established the Han Dynasty. However, the newly established Han Dynasty was in a state of exhaustion due to successive years of war. At this time, he did not have the energy to manage the northern border and risked

But Dun was always thinking about fighting back to the Central Plains and taking revenge. The scenes of the famous generals of Zhao State, Li Mu, and Qin State, Meng Tian, ​​who defeated the Xiongnu, often appeared in Maodun Shanyu's mind.

Although the Great Wall stretches thousands of miles in front of him, for the young, strong and ambitious Maodun Shanyu, no matter how strong the Great Wall is, he must lead his people to bravely break through.

So Mao Dun ordered the Huns to launch tentative attacks along various passes of the Great Wall. After constant attempts, the Huns gradually concluded that the weakness of the Great Wall was that the battle line was too long and required too much manpower. In this way,

This led to an unfavorable situation. If the Han army defended everywhere, the defensive forces everywhere would be relatively weak, and the Huns could concentrate their main forces to attack one place. But if they concentrated their forces on defense, it would be left for the Huns to attack.

The weak point is that no matter how defensive they are, the Huns still have a chance to cross the Great Wall.

After a period of consideration, Mao Dun decided to concentrate his superior forces and forcibly break through a certain pass. After forming a local advantage, he would then carry out a devastating blow to the Han Dynasty.

In the end, the Huns chose Mayi, which was an important pass of the Great Wall and was relatively close to the royal court of the Xiongnu Chanyu. Therefore, Mao Dun adopted the strategy of attacking in the east and attacking in the west. On the surface, he sent troops to harass various passes of the Great Wall. But secretly, he concentrated

The main force prepared to attack Mayi.

At this time, the Han Dynasty had just been established, and Liu Bang was very uneasy about princes and kings of the opposite sex. King Xin of Han in the north was also the object of Liu Bang's suspicion. Liu Bang believed that King Xin of Han's territory was a relatively important place, and this place gathered the most elite troops in the world.

.If he rebels, it will pose a huge threat to the Han Dynasty. In order to get rid of this threat, Liu Bang changed the title of Taiyuan County to Han Dynasty in 201 BC, with Jinyang as the capital and the fiefdom of King Han Xin.

The King of Han Xing was in this place convenient for Liu Bang to control, and he had the ability to use it to defend against the Huns.

Han Wangxin was the grandson of King Han Xiang of Korea at the end of the Warring States Period. He was also one of the heroes when Liu Bang conquered the world. Since he has the same name as the all-powerful King of Chu Han Xin, in order to avoid confusing the two people, history books generally call him Han Wangxin.

After Korea was destroyed, Wang Xing lived in his hometown. Later, he followed Zhang Liang and became a general. Not long after, he became a captain of Korea and was ordered to lead troops to conquer Korea. After Korea was pacified, he was named King of Korea. Later, Liu Bang

After withdrawing from Xingyang, Han Xin and others were left to guard Xingyang. When the Chu army conquered Xingyang, Han Wangxin first surrendered to the Chu army, then looked for an opportunity to escape and defected to Liu Bang again. Since then, he has been following Liu Bang to conquer the world.

In 202 BC, during the Battle of Gaixia, Liu Bang agreed to enfeoff the princes in order to mobilize the forces of all parties. He assigned the strategic location of Yingchuan to Han Wangxin. However, not long after the victory of the war, Liu Bang went against his promise and transferred Han Wangxin from this place.

The northern frontier fortress. King Xin of Han was very dissatisfied with this matter, but he did not dare to show it and could only follow Liu Bang's arrangements. Later, on second thought, he thought this was a good place. Because Liu Bang was generally dissatisfied with the heroes in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Don't worry, especially a powerful general. If one day Liu Bang wants to attack him, this place is close to the Huns. If that doesn't work, he can use the power of the Huns to deal with Liu Bang.

Liu Bang asked Han Wangxin to set the capital in Jinyang, but Han Wangxin had his own considerations. So he reported to Liu Bang that Jinyang was too far from the frontier fortress. In order to strengthen the defense against the Huns, he asked Liu Bang to allow him to set the capital in Mayi.

Liu Bang agreed to his request.

But Liu Bang did not expect that this incident would actually provide convenience for the Xiongnu to attack the Han Dynasty.

In the autumn of 200 BC, Mao Dun sent several small troops to pretend to attack other passes of the Great Wall, and then led the main force to attack Mayi, which was surrounded.

Faced with the Huns' attack, Han Wangxin actually had the strength to fight the Huns. However, due to Liu Bang's suspicion, he decided to adopt the method of supporting war with war. Instead of actively planning how to deal with the Huns' attack and taking effective measures, he sent several troops several times.

When people went to Maodun to request reconciliation, Han Wangxin sent people to reconcile with the Huns without Liu Bang's permission. This matter was not only unreasonable but also illegal. Han Wangxin's purpose of doing this was obviously to preserve his own strength.

Mao Dun happened to see the internal contradictions in the Han Dynasty, and he decided to take advantage of this contradiction to further alienate the relationship between Han Wangxin and Liu Bang. He adopted the strategy of siege but not attack, neither rejecting Han Wangxin's negotiation request nor agreeing to withdraw his troops. In this way

On the one hand, the purpose was to make Liu Bang doubt King Xin of Han, and on the other hand, it was to force King Xin of Han to surrender. In this way, the Xiongnu could capture Mayi without any blood and then break through the Great Wall.

After Liu Bang knew that the Huns army was besieging Mayi, he immediately sent troops to reinforce Mayi at night, because Liu Bang knew the important position of Mayi in the defense of the Great Wall.

When Mao Dun saw the arrival of reinforcements from the Han Dynasty, he took the initiative to evacuate Mayi. However, his move showed the illusion of tacit cooperation between King Xin of Han and the Huns. This further prompted Liu Bang's distrust of King Xin of Han.

After the siege of Mayi was lifted, Liu Bang believed that this time it was entirely due to collusion between King Xin of Han and the Huns. So Liu Bei wrote a letter to reprimand King Xin of Han. After receiving the letter, King Xin of Han thought of the fate of Han Xin, King of Chu, and that he had surrendered to Xiang Yu

, and had private contacts with the Huns. Liu Bang would never let him go on these matters, so Han Wangxin finally decided to offer Ma Yiyi to the Huns, and then joined forces with the Huns to attack the Han Dynasty. In fact, Han Wangxin's rebellion

, was entirely due to Liu Bang's suspicion of the heroes in the early years of the Han Dynasty.

After receiving the news of Han Wangxin's surrender, Maodun was very happy. In this way, the Huns army successfully crossed the Great Wall. Han Wangxing served as the vanguard of the Huns army and led his troops to attack Taiyuan County. The Huns army fought all the way to the vicinity of Jinyang, where they plundered as much as they wanted.

After some fighting, the Xiongnu army and King Xin of Han withdrew.

This time the Huns successfully crossed the Great Wall, posing a huge threat to the Han Dynasty. How to resolve this crisis became a major problem for the Han Dynasty's monarchs and ministers.

Short story: You must have a goal and a vision in everything you do! People without goals are like a fly with a head in his head. Today he will hammer in the east and tomorrow he will hammer in the west. In the end, nothing will be achieved! First of all, you must set a personal goal for yourself.

Develop your career plan based on your goals. Then you have to make an implementation plan for yourself according to this plan.

Former U.S. Vice President Al Gore and his wife Deepa decided to get a puppy when their two children were young. Later, they asked a friend to help train the dog. When the friend asked them: "Puppy

What is the goal?" They looked at each other and muttered: "What goal does a puppy have? Of course it is to be a dog." The female trainer shook her head seriously and said, "Every puppy has the goal of becoming a dog."

There must be a goal." After the couple discussed it, they established a goal for the puppy. It would play with the children during the day and look after the house at night. Later, the puppy was successfully trained to become the child's best friend and the guardian of the home.

.From this, they also keep in mind the saying that to be a puppy, you must have a goal, let alone to be a human being.

Goals play a role in navigation in life. When you are lost in the big stage of life, goals guide you forward. The road to success is paved with goals. Only with goals can you find the direction and focus with your inner strength.

Energy reaches the height of your life.

How far the light of the goal shines, generally speaking, how far can you go in life. Those who are confused and have no desire to make progress will definitely be in a mess in life. Only those who have high ambitions and work hard will achieve success.

Glorious life. Heroes and celebrities are not unattainable. People also start from the ordinary and come step by step. "Emperors and generals have the kind of peace." This is a life truth that has been proven to be effective throughout the ages. Everyone, especially

Young people should spread their ideal sails as much as possible, ride the wind and waves, and move forward bravely on the road of life. But everyone has different qualifications, different living environments, and different life opportunities. The reality is that becoming a celebrity or a great person is only among the crowd.

There are only a very small number of people, and the vast majority of them are still ordinary people. As the saying goes: "Everyone has the appearance of an emperor, and it is impossible to live in a crowded place." For ordinary people, dreaming about heroes and celebrities all day long is not a good idea.

It is unrealistic and even harmful. However, just because we don’t daydream about building airplanes, ships, or starting a wealthy business doesn’t mean that we don’t want ideals or have no ideals. Ideals are not just illusory goals;

It is composed of specific road signs and can be revised or re-established at any time.

If you have a goal, a clear direction, and you are in the right direction, you will not be afraid of a long road. In the 1984 Tokyo International Marathon Invitational and the 1986 Lailan International Marathon Invitational, the little-known short runner Yamada Motoichi unexpectedly won the championship twice, which caused a stir.

People's great attention. Faced with the influx of various discussions, Yamada Ben let it go without any explanation. It was not until 10 years later that he revealed the mystery in his autobiography: "Before every game, I

Everyone first takes a bus to look at the race route carefully and draw down the eye-catching signs along the way. For example, the first sign is a bank, the second sign is a big tree, the third sign is a red...

. This is done until the end of the race. After the race started, I rushed towards the first goal at a sprint speed of 100 meters. After reaching the first goal, I rushed towards the second goal at the same speed.

I rushed forward, and the more than 40 kilometers of distance was broken down into several small goals and I finished it easily."

Be clear about your goals, find unlimited motivation to achieve them, focus on achieving your goals, and this goal must be realistic, do not be dreamy, but have a firm belief to achieve this goal, work hard to achieve the goal, and work hard to achieve the goal.

, implement it step by step in a down-to-earth manner, instead of talking about it with enthusiasm and empty dreams!

The goal is an oasis in the vast Gobi desert, the compass in the hands of travelers, the looming light in the dark night, the warmth and courage that makes your heart beat in the ice and snow, the farthest yet nearest dream. He follows it all the time.
Chapter completed!