Attack on Beiliang in the second quarter

Thin black ants are floating, squirming and weeds are stretching out. They are hugging leaves to eat and squeak, and they are full of colorful colors. If they are resting, they will slough, and they will spit out their phlegm. It is not possible to live a life. You are so small in life, but you will become benevolent by dying.

The political situation of the Northern and Southern Dynasties often affected the whole country. After Tuoba Tao returned home, he heard that his ally Beiliang had betrayed him and took refuge in Rouran. Tuoba Tao was very angry. In the past, Juqumeng, the king of Beiliang,

The relationship between Xun and Rouran deteriorated, causing Datan Khan to kill his prince Juqu Zhengde. Juqu Mengxun had to leave his third son Juqu Maoqian as his heir. Therefore, Juqu Maoqian and Juqu Maoqian

Rouran not only had hatred for killing his brother, but he was also very grateful to Rouran, because if Rouran hadn't killed his brother, he wouldn't have had the chance to inherit the throne. After Juqu Mengxun died, Juqu

When Mao Qian succeeded to the throne, he made peace with the Northern Wei Dynasty and married his sister to Tuoba Tao. Tuoba Tao also married his sister to Juqu Maoqian. The relationship between the two parties should have been harmonious, but Juqu Mao

However, Qian was always afraid of being annexed by the other party and felt uneasy in his heart. After Tuoba Tao's Northern Expedition failed, Wu Ti Khan sent envoys to surrounding countries to preach: "Last year, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty personally came to attack us. There was a severe epidemic in the army and he returned with a disastrous defeat.

I captured his eldest brother Tuoba Pi, King of Leping. "The Northern Wei Dynasty has been weakened, and I, Rouran, are currently the strongest in the world. If there are envoys from the Northern Wei Dynasty to your country in the future, there is no need to treat them with courtesy!" Ju

Qu Maoqian was overjoyed when he heard the news. He felt that an opportunity had come for him to fight vertically and horizontally, so he turned to Wu Ti. Many small countries in the Western Regions also followed Beiliang and expressed their surrender to Rouran. Only Tang Qi and Li Bao turned their backs because they were mortal enemies of Beiliang.

The old master Rouran turned to show his favor to the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In 439, the angry Tuoba Tao personally conquered Northern Liang and ordered his son-in-law King Mu Shou of Yidu to assist Prince Tuoba Huang to stay in Pingcheng. His uncle Changle King Ji Jing and his brother Jianning King Tuoba Chong left Zhenyin Mountain to prevent the Rouran army from going south. Lin

During the trip, Tuoba Tao specifically told Mu Shou: "Wu Ti has formed an alliance with Juqu Muqian (Maoqian). I heard that I will conquer Liangzhou personally and will invade the fortress. You cannot allow him to go deep. It is best to attack in the desert."

Lay an ambush in the south, first lure the enemy deep, and then destroy them north of the Great Wall." However, Mu Shou's adviser Gongsun Zhi was very superstitious, and after fortune-telling, he believed that the Rouran people would not come, so Mu Shou did not follow Tuoba Tao's order to set up defenses.

As expected by Tuoba Tao, Juqu Maoqian heard that the Northern Wei army was invading and immediately asked the Rouran people for help. Wu Ti Khan decided to surround Wei to rescue Liang and quickly went south. When he saw the Northern Wei garrison guarding the foot of Yin Mountain, he

He divided his troops into two groups and sent his brother Qi Liegui to lead a force to contain Ji Jing and Tuoba Chong. He led the main force out of the east road and broke through the neglected Great Wall. Then he rushed into the Datong Basin and occupied the west of Pingcheng.

70 kilometers away from Shanwu County (Youyu, Shanxi Province). When the news came, the residents of Pingcheng were extremely frightened. Mu Shou planned to defend the city by himself and asked the Queen Mother and the Prince to take refuge south of Hengshan Mountain. The Queen Mother Bao disagreed and ordered the eldest son, Sun Song, to be his eldest son.

Daosheng and other generals attacked. The two armies were about to fight, but news that was unfavorable to Rouran came from the northwest battlefield.

It turned out that Wu Ti's incompetent brother Qi Liegui failed to accomplish more than failed. Not only did he fail to contain the Yinshan garrison of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but he was surrounded and annihilated by Ji Jing and Tuoba Chong. Qi Liegui and other five hundred generals were all captured--

More than 10,000 soldiers died in the battle. When Wu Ti heard the news, he secretly complained in his heart. He was worried that Ji Jing and Tuoba Chong would move eastward and cut off his retreat, so he gave up his plan to besiege Pingcheng and escaped across the Great Wall overnight. He went south with Rouran.

At the same time, the Northern Wei army led by Tuoba Tao also entered the territory of Beiliang. Juqu Maoqian fought several times, but was defeated. He had to retreat to the capital Guzang to defend, and encouraged his subordinates with the news that the Rouran army had advanced to Shanwu.

, hoping that Tuoba Tao could withdraw his troops and go back to rescue Pingcheng. But when news came that Qiligui was defeated and captured, and the Rouran army retreated, the troops in Beiliang lost their fighting spirit and defected to the Northern Wei Dynasty one after another. Juqu Maoqian was forced to surrender.

, Beiliang perished.

In fact, not all the soldiers and civilians of Northern Liang followed their monarch and surrendered to the enemy: several of Juqu Maoqian's disciples refused to surrender. Juqu Anzhou went south to Tuyuhun, and Juqu Wuji and others went west to Dunhuang and continued in the Hexi Corridor.

Resisting the Wei army. Also accompanying them as they moved westward were Juqu Maoqian's subordinates Ashina and Ashide brothers and their five hundred households. These refugees from Northern Liang were called "Tuge" at the time, which was later known as Rouran.

People's number one sufferer is Turk. There is a saying that, like "Tatar", "Turk" is not a new term, but just a new translation. Sima Qian once wrote in "Historical Records: Biography of the Huns"

Mentioned this term and translated it as "Tu Qi". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was translated as "Tuge", in the Sui and Tang Dynasties it was translated as "Turk", and in modern times it was translated as "Turkish". In the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu had "left and right slaughter"

"King Qi", free translation means "Wise King on the Left and Right". Therefore, the original meaning of the word "Turk" is "worthy", and later came the two terms "strong" and "helmet". In fact, it is recorded in Chinese historical records that

The Turks originated from the ancient Ashina clan. They originally lived on the right side of the West Sea (east of the Aral Sea), and later moved to the north of the desert. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they became one of the many subordinate tribes of the Xiongnu Empire in the north of the Xiongnu, which were different from the Xiongnu. These

The tribe is collectively called Dingling, also known as Tiele. In the 4th century AD, the Ashina tribe first moved to Gaochang Beishan (Tianshan), and then moved to Jinshan (Altai Mountain) Zhiyang, under the command of Rouran, and was specially built for the Rouran people.

Iron tools and weapons were contemptuously called "forged slaves". The shape of the Jinshan Mountain they lived in resembled a warrior's helmet, and the helmet was called "Turk" in common parlance, and the name Turk came from this. However, these are all things for a later date.

After Tuoba Tao's triumphant return, he was blessed with double happiness, because he was about to become a grandfather: his Rouran daughter-in-law Yu Jiulu gave birth to the emperor's grandson Tuoba Qian in 440. Tuoba Tao loved his family as much as Wu, and gave more preferential treatment to the Rouran people who surrendered to the Northern Wei Dynasty.

He granted the title of King Shuofang to the captured brother of Wu Ti, and jointly took charge of the northern frontier of the Northern Wei Dynasty with the King of Zhongshan, Yu Jiuluchen, in preparation for Wu Ti's southward march. This strategy of "using barbarians to control barbarians" seemed risky, but in practice it was

The effect was not bad, and the situation on the northern battlefield was developing in a direction favorable to the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 442, under the pressure of the Northern Wei army, Juqu Wushi abandoned Dunhuang and moved westward to attack Shanshan State (today's Ruoqiang, Xinjiang). King Bilong of Shanshan sent an envoy to the Northern Wei Dynasty

He fought hard with the help of others, but Juqu Wushu could not conquer it for a while, so he wanted to try his luck in another place. But at this moment, a letter asking for help came from Gaochang in the north (today's Turpan, Xinjiang). It turned out that Rou

In order to control the Turpan Basin, the Khanate appointed Kan Shuang, a local, as the governor of Gaochang. From 435 to 440, Tuoba Tao sent an envoy to Gaochang to open up the northern route of the Silk Road, but Kan Shuang led him to Xinggenke.

After hearing the news, Khan Tuoba Tao ordered Tang Qi, who had recently surrendered to him, to lead an army to attack Gaochang at the same time as he was marching westward against Juqu Wuyi. Kan Shuang could not resist, so he asked Wu Ti Khan and Juqu Wuyi for help at the same time.

This played into Ju Qu Wushu's plan. He rushed to Gaochang immediately after receiving the report, but he was still a step too late: when he arrived in Gaochang, the Rouran reinforcements had already killed Tang Qi and relieved Kan Shuang. Li Bao heard that Tang Qi

After dying in battle, he hurriedly gave up Yiwu and fled to Dunhuang to join the Northern Wei Dynasty.

After Tang Qi was killed in battle and Li Bao moved east, all their subordinates who stayed in Yiwu were recruited by Zu Guowu. Kan Shuang felt that Ju Quwu was capricious and refused to let him enter the city. Unexpectedly, he was attacked at night and had to abandon

The city ran north to Rouran. In this struggle for the Turpan Basin, both the Northern Wei and Rouran suffered losses, and the Li Yuan family also suffered heavy losses. Only the Juqu family, which was originally at the end of its rope, took the lead and made a fortune, killing the Turks and some members of the Li Yuan family.

They were all taken under his account, but he also offended various surrounding forces, and his future was destined to be dark. Tuoba Tao knew that it would not be difficult to eliminate the Juqu family, but if he wanted to truly open up the Silk Road, he must conquer Rouran. Just now

At this time, the prophecy that "Wu will destroy Wei" spread among the people in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Tuoba Tao was extremely sensitive to this and believed that "Wu" referred to Wu Ti Khan, so he determined to completely annex the Rouran Khanate. This happened in September of that year

After analyzing the abnormal celestial phenomenon, astrologers concluded: "The king's soldiers will sweep away the Maotou territory, and the noble ministers will also be executed collectively." It was late autumn at that time, and the climate in the north was severely cold. None of the ministers of the Northern Wei Dynasty were willing to go to the Northern Expedition. Only Cui Hao advocated it.

When they went out for an expedition, they said that the Rouran people would definitely escape the cold and migrate south, and they could encircle and annihilate them in Monan.

Life insights: Why some people can’t do anything in their lives is because they pursue perfection blindly, complain about society, and complain about others. On the contrary, some people are also dissatisfied with their current situation, but they take action and strive to change the status quo.

It is not the result of complaining that the doer succeeds, but the complainer still achieves nothing.

Adversity is objectively a kind of misfortune, but in essence it is a precious wealth. Many miracles appear in adversity. Good times make people comfortable, but it can also easily make young people stop pursuing anything, because good times can easily kill their fighting spirit.

As a result, young people become mediocre; adversity can temper a strong will, work hard, and forge ahead tenaciously, which may enable them to exert their abilities beyond normal and achieve unexpected achievements.

For young people, the desire to get rid of pain is stronger than the desire to obtain happiness: happiness is often a luxury wish for people in pain, and people often take getting rid of pain as the first step.

In real life, many young people living in remote mountainous areas and economically backward rural areas have a much stronger spirit of studying hard than some children living in wealthy families in big cities. The reason is because they see the rural environment

, living conditions are much more difficult than in big cities. They strongly demand to change their living conditions and living environment. At present, the most reliable and direct way to achieve this goal is to study hard.

Strive to be admitted to university. Young people in big cities have no motivation to change their living environment in their motivation to study. If they do not have more lofty ideals, then their studies will be difficult. From this phenomenon, it can be seen that difficulties are the motivation for people to work hard.

A source of strength for hard work. "Born from sorrow" means that hardship tempers people's will, inspires people to work hard, and makes people tenacious and energetic. "Death in happiness" means that a comfortable and comfortable life will wear down people.

Ambition makes people greedy for pleasure, afraid of hardship, and unwilling to make progress, thus causing people to lose their ability to survive and their strong vitality.

From ancient times to the present, there have been so many playboys who, just because they were greedy for comfort, lived in vain, and ended up in poverty, so that they died without a burial place. And those children from poor families have been living in hardships and struggles since they were young, and adversity has given them strength.

Their will and hardship have made them hardworking and smart. Their material life is poor, but their hearts are full. They may not be able to achieve anything great, but they are upright people, at least they will not harm the people.

The road to life is not a smooth road, and the road to happiness is not smooth. There are good times and bad times in life, and there are also difficulties in obtaining happiness. But no matter what the conditions, people should not give up on happiness.

Pursue.

In good times, we seek happiness with a comfortable mood; in adversity, we should still persevere and pursue happiness unswervingly. Happiness can be achieved smoothly in good times, or it can be obtained with difficulty in adversity.

Difficulties are a source of strength that prompts people to work hard. Difficulties temper people's will, encourage people to work hard, and make people tenacious and energetic. A comfortable and comfortable life will weaken people's ambitions, make people greedy for pleasure, and fear hardship.

, not thinking about progress, thus causing people to lose their ability to survive and their strong vitality.

For us young people, failure is not terrible. We should regard it as a valuable life experience and look at failure with an optimistic attitude and a thinking perspective. On the contrary, those who have always had smooth sailing have a little taste of hardship.

I have never experienced that when encountering setbacks and difficulties, it is easy to get depressed.

As young people, we are in the initial stage of life, so failure is inevitable. We need to remember the words of the sage: "Every failure, every pain, and every blow in life has its meaning. When you

When you face failure and regard it as the cornerstone of success, success will come to you."

Young people should take responsibility for their own lives and adopt a "can-do" attitude. If you are confident, you will be full of enthusiasm, persist to the end, and you will create amazing achievements.

Success requires persistence until the last minute. A person's success or failure is certainly related to his innate talent, but his acquired efforts and persistence are more important.

In the process of striving towards your goals, you must take control. If you are not satisfied with your love life, find a way to change the status quo. Get to know more people, treat them kindly, always put a smile on your face, and invite

Travel with others. If you want a better job, don't wait for a job to come to you, take the initiative. "I can do it" is not provocation or recklessness, it symbolizes enthusiasm, enterprising and wisdom.

As a young person, you don’t have to ask for success in everything to feel happy, but you must be convinced that your life is in your own hands. Research shows that young people who are responsible for their own decisions are less likely to feel that they are being controlled by others than young people who are responsible for their own decisions.

, feel more satisfied with life. People will be very happy when they can freely express their personality; naturally they will not be happy when you have to do things according to other people's ideas. We all have the need to belong, and there is nothing wrong with that.

But you must maintain your independent thinking ability and unique personality traits.

Success requires perseverance until the last minute. Of course, a person's success or failure is related to his innate talent, but his acquired efforts and persistence are more important.

This failure caused long-term internal strife among the Xianbei people, which also triggered a movement to exterminate Buddhism. This movement brought the sound of Buddhism to Rouran. From then on, Rouran was reborn. Although it was good at fighting, it was no longer associated with bloodshed.

In order not to be contaminated by killing, the Rouran Khans learned the exquisite art of diplomacy, which also brought lasting troubles to the powerful Byzantine Empire at the time.

After a year of preparation, Tuoba Tao officially launched the Northern Expedition in 443 AD. This time the Northern Expedition was divided into four groups. It can be said that Tuoba Tao was determined to win, because the arrangements for these four groups were carefully considered by him. However,

He never expected that this expedition would become the most painful military lesson in history since the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and would also have an immeasurable and far-reaching impact on future history. The expedition was not going well from the beginning. There was a

Because the general lacked confidence in this war, he took the initiative to defect to Rouran. He also suggested to Rouran Khan that he send troops to raid the Northern Wei army's baggage troops and burn their food and grass. This time, the north naturally dispersed. One day, King Langya

Sima Chuzhi found that the ears of several donkeys had been cut off. Many people thought it was a prank. But Sima Chuzhi saw at a glance that it must be the work of the Rouran people, and immediately ordered the city to be built and prepared for war. Because the matter was urgent.

, so there was no time to follow the traditional method of casting city walls. Sima Chuzhi had to adapt to local conditions and asked his men to cut down willow trees to build fences, and then pour river water. Since it was early winter, the weather in Mobei was freezing, and the river water

It quickly froze and combined with the willow trees, it looked seamless. Sure enough, a large number of Rouran troops appeared the next day, but they had nothing to do in front of this ice city, so they had to order a retreat. In this way, the logistics support of the Northern Wei army's food and grass supplies was finally

Saved.

Although the Northern Wei's baggage troops were saved, the main troops of the Northern Wei Dynasty did not move southward as Tuoba Tao had expected, but were still stationed at Luhunhai. Tuoba Tao decided to continue to move closer to the north and change the previous route.

Strategic deployment. Tuoba Tao led his headquarters all the way north to the Luhun Valley in the south of Luhun Hainan. After arriving, he saw smoke and dust billowing over the Rouran Khan Court in the north of the valley. Seeing this, Prince Tuoba Huang persuaded Tuoba Tao to immediately

Attack. But some people think that there is so much dust, indicating that the Rouran army is large in number, and the enemy should not be underestimated. Tuoba Huang insists that there is so much smoke and dust in the sky, according to the art of war, it must be because the enemy army is in chaos. But Tuoba Huang

Tao still adopted a conservative opinion and did not order an immediate attack. Instead, he waited for the arrival of the other three troops before launching an attack together. As a result, he waited for six days before the rear troops arrived late. Tuoba Tao gathered the entire army and

Attacked to the northwest and defeated more than 20,000 Rouran cavalry. Then the Northern Wei army continued to advance, but by this time the army had eaten up all the food and grass. Tuoba Tao did not order the withdrawal and insisted on continuing to advance. This made Rouran's

Wu Ti Khan seized the opportunity. He also saw that the Northern Wei army was exhausted. Then he commanded to recharge his batteries. The Rouran army, which had been fighting for many days, swooped up. The Northern Wei army was severely defeated, and many generals were ordered to be killed.

Kill. According to historical records, 60-70% of the soldiers of the Northern Wei army who participated in the Northern Expedition were killed. Tuoba Tao himself was also in danger. In the end, he had no choice but to abandon the large army and break through with light cavalry. Fortunately, Tuoba Keyian commanded
Chapter completed!