Section 7: Resistance under barbaric rule

The prostitute Yao's family had a banquet with the King of Wu, and the painting hall was filled with singing at midnight. On this day, when they met, their eyebrows were all green, and the Jurchen's luggage was begging for food.

Nurhaci slaughtered people at will, plundered property, and forced local people to shave their heads in the Liaoshen area. All these caused the soldiers and civilians in the Liaoshen area to resist the Hou Jin Dynasty. When Liaoyang was captured, the soldiers of the Hou Jin Dynasty checked the population according to the household registration and killed all suspicious persons. He died. Nurhachi also had people guarding the city gates. If they interrogated any pedestrians who had not shaved their heads, they would be beheaded. Some people were forced to shave their heads and became obedient citizens, but most people still resisted for the sake of national dignity and expressed their preference. They died without shaving their hair, and some people escaped through all kinds of difficulties and dangers. Nurhaci ordered people's wealth to be searched in Liaoyang City, and it was stipulated that wealthy families were only allowed to leave nine pieces of clothing per person, and middle-class families were allowed to leave five pieces. , lower-class people were only allowed to keep three items, and all other belongings were handed over. The collected finances were rewarded to the slave owners of Houjin and the Mongolian nobles. They also drove the officials and people of Liaoyang to the north of the city, leaving the south of the city empty for Nurhaci and ministers Baylor lived there. All Han people in Liaoyang City were required to serve in the military. A family with five fathers and sons would need three people to serve as soldiers, and a family with three people would need two people.

These brutal acts by Nurhachi aroused resistance from the local people, and people in the Liaoshen area erected a banner to resist the Jin. In 1621 AD, Nurhaci sent Wu Ergu and Li Yongfang to lead 3,000 soldiers to Tieshan to suppress the rebellion and participate in the anti-Jin struggle. There were poor people, as well as officials and generals of the Ming Dynasty. Some people donated ten thousand taels of gold to support the cause of resisting the Jin Dynasty. These people made friends with heroes from all over the world and refused to shave their heads. They wanted to fight to the death against Hou Jin. Faced with a series of During the anti-golden movement, Nurhachi once made some policy concessions. For example, elderly Han people could not shave their heads temporarily, hoping to use this measure to ease ethnic conflicts, but this small concession was of no use. Nurhachi saw the anti-golden movement in various places. When the forces of the Ming Dynasty became more and more powerful, they sent troops to suppress them. When these troops arrived in a place, they massacred the local people and chased and killed the fleeing people into North Korea. At a time when this struggle was becoming increasingly acute, the Ming government sent A general military officer was stationed in Yiju City, North Korea. Mao Wenlong, who occupied the island, also continued to send people to sneak into the Southern Fourth Guards to instigate rebellion. Mingjun and the people in the Liaodong area attacked the Eight Banners soldiers in various cities in southern Liaoning. In July, Mao Wenlong captured Zhenjiang City. Nan The people of Siwei resisted the Jin uprisings one after another. When the Jin army moved to Liaodong with the Jurchen military households in the first year of Tianqi, the Han people often put poison into water and various grains to kill the Jurchens. In May of this year , eight Han people in the Haizhou area threw poison into the well, intending to poison Nurhachi who was going here.

In response to these things, Nurhachi blamed the ministers for being too tolerant to the Han people. In order to prevent the Han people from poisoning, Nurhachi also stipulated that all hotels set up by Jurchens and Han people must write the owner's name and list the business. All goods purchased by Jurchens must be listed for business. His seller must also be made clear. All jurisdictions do not allow suspicious pedestrians to be admitted without authorization. In the first month of the fourth year of Apocalypse, Nurhachi once again issued an order that any suspicious person, whether Jurchen or Han, was arrested and sent to the government. The captured persons Anyone with a wife, children, or children will all become slaves and be rewarded to the person who captured them. If the person captured is a bachelor, the court will reward the person captured with three taels of silver. No family or individual is allowed to harbor fugitives, nor are they allowed to let them go. People with unknown identities and suspicious looks will be punished severely. In order to prevent Jurchens who go out alone from being intercepted on the road, Nurhachi stipulated that if there is something to go out, at least ten people must go together, and less than ten people must go together. Individuals are not allowed to go out. In order to prevent Han people from killing Jurchens with weapons, Nurhachi ordered the seizure of bows, arrows, waist knives and other lethal weapons from Han people's homes. Arrows, crossbows, guns and other weapons made by Han craftsmen were also stopped for sale. Because This ban was also detrimental to the Jurchens at the beginning, so it was later changed to allow weapons made by Han craftsmen to be sold only to the Jurchens, not to the Han people.

Nurhaci rewarded those who reported on a certain rebellion with promotions or large rewards. He also asked people to set up alarms in front of various government offices. Once an enemy invaded, the alarm would be sounded immediately. If there was a rebellion or escape in the city,

If someone comes, they will immediately beat the gong. Three years after entering the apocalypse, riots in cities and towns have generally occurred, and there are countless people with various hopes. Rural struggles have also become active, and every village has joined forces to deal with the golden enemy. Only at this time did Nurhachi feel the strategy

The serious consequences of his mistake were that due to the large number of people fleeing, many mature grains in the fields were left unharvested. In desperation, he had to order some officials to harvest in the fields. As a result, the Jurchens, Hans, and Mongols in the territory

A large number of slaves and civilians below have escaped, and no one is farming for them. The lives of these people are getting worse and worse, and it is even difficult to make ends meet. Faced with such a severe situation, Nurhaci had no choice but to order a sales restriction policy. It was stipulated that as long as they were wealthy Han families, they were not allowed to sell grain without permission.

, all excess antiquities were sold to the yamen at a low price. If they refused to hand it over or sold it privately, they would be executed after being discovered, and all the grain would be confiscated. Nurhaci ordered a nationwide inventory of grain. He even listed the amount of grain stored in Han people's homes.

As a basis for measuring whether the family was loyal to him or preparing to flee, Nurhaci sent his ministers to measure the grains of each household according to the cattle record, calculated in liters of Jurchens. A household with no family members who had an average of six or seven liters of grain was considered a household with grain.

Each person in the household has an average of five liters of grain, but they still have livestock at home. If these livestock are discounted and can satisfy six or seven liters of grain for the people in the coal population, they are considered to be households with grain, while all others are classified as households without grain.

This policy of Nurhaci temporarily solved the difficulties of some families who lacked food, but on the other hand, it also caused quite serious social consequences. Nurhaci ordered officials to allocate fields and houses to all households with grain, so that they can live and live in peace of mind.

Production. Those whose families lacked food would be arrested, and all the men in the family would become slaves. This measure further led to the deterioration of ethnic relations. Faced with the determined resistance of the majority of Han people, Nurhaci felt that relying solely on Jurchen troops was already too much.

It was difficult to cope with it. Therefore, after capturing Liaoyang, Nurhachi began to recruit troops. The policy implemented was what we mentioned earlier, draw three from Ding 5 and draw two from Ding 3. Later, they introduced methods for recruiting Han people into the army.

In emergencies, one person from every 20 Han people will be selected as a soldier. In times of emergency, one person from every ten Han people will be selected as a soldier. These Han people and a few Jurchen soldiers jointly defend the city. In addition, Nurhachi is collecting taxes and paying taxes.

In terms of terms, they are also used to refer to Han people and Han officials.

There were many middle and lower-level generals of the Ming Dynasty who had submitted to Nurhaci before, and these people also became Nurhaci's accomplices in persecuting the Han people. Not only did Nurhaci brutally suppress the Han people's uprising, he also warned the Jurchens not to make friends with the Han people and not to enter Han people's homes. He even went so far as to seek refuge with the Han people.

His own Han people didn’t believe it either. For this reason, a great migration began for the Han residents in the east and west of Liaohe River. In the first year of Tianqi, Nurhaci asked his two sons and grandson to lead 3,000 soldiers and horses to attack nearly 20 people 720 miles away from Liaoyang City.

The Ten Thousand Han people migrated north. After that, there were many migration movements against the Han people. Many Han people were unwilling to move, so Nurhaci sent troops to take strong measures to force them to move. Nurhaci ordered all Han people's houses to be burned down.

They were forced to move. However, they were not allowed to bring property with them during the move, and women were not allowed to have their feet bound. Many old people and children died during the long journey and were dumped in the wilderness. Many people's livestock and property were plundered, and some were forced to

Become a slave.

Nurhachi's move was to sever the rural ties between the Han people and make them disconnect from each other, so as not to unite against him. However, he did not expect that this would not only fail to eliminate the Communist Party, but would seriously infringe upon the landlord class and the middle and lower classes of the Ming Dynasty.

The interests of officials touched all strata in Liaohe. They lost their good life in the past and became poor, so they also joined the anti-Jin struggle movement. Three years after the Apocalypse, collective escapes and massacres often occurred in the areas under the jurisdiction of Hou Jin.

The riots ignited the flames of resistance everywhere. Faced with this situation, Nurhachi did not reflect on his decision-making errors, but instead shifted the responsibility to Li Yongfang and other Han officials and Han people. Nurhaci publicly accused them of colluding with the Ming Dynasty

, and also severely accused them of corruption and bribery to obtain money.

As a result, some Han officials had no choice but to contact the Ming Dynasty, and some even found opportunities to escape. Some Han officials even contacted the Ming Dynasty to offer cities to surrender, but later the matter was leaked and killed. Nurhachi massacred those cities, and Liao

Hundreds of thousands of people from the south fled to North Korea. Nurhaci led the Jurchens in Jianzhou to rise, conquer cities and territories, and make great achievements. People have two sides, and the other side of Nurhachi was that he killed too many people, which led to the brutal killing of many Li people. Nurhachi was a complete anti-Han

people, but he also said that he was very good to the Han people. In fact, he did not know how many Han people in the Liaodong area were killed. In the process of attacking the city, Nurhaci massacred many resisters and captives. In the process of unifying the savage Jurchens,

Nurhachi attacked all the way to the Heilongjiang River Basin. Even those tribes with small numbers, Nurhachi sent people to attack. When the Hou Jin army entered Tieling, they killed and plundered more than 20,000 people, and when they captured Kaiyuan, they killed tens of thousands more.

Later, Huang Taiji, Amin and others bloodbathed Zhenjiang City. More than 30,000 local people were forced to flee into North Korea, and more than 12,000 people were captured. In the fourth year of the Apocalypse, prices in Houjin soared, and daily necessities were in short supply. Every liter of grain had

One tael of silver rose to eighty taels. A horse's ten taels rose to 300 taels, and a python's silver rose from 450 taels to 150 taels or 200 taels, equivalent to forty or fifty times the previous price.

.At the same time, thieves were on the rise in the territory, and the people who had no food to begin with turned out to be cannibalistic.

In the fifth year of the Apocalypse, Nurhachi issued another order, accusing the Han people of harboring spies. He also listed some areas where resistance continued and announced that defectors would be killed. He ordered the Eight Banners Baylor and officials below the chief military officer to take soldiers to the villages under his jurisdiction.

Here, all common people who resisted the Jin Dynasty were killed. In October of the following year, Nurhaci ordered the massacre of the city again. The targets of the massacre included not only the Han people who participated in the riot, but also all suspicious persons such as Ming Dynasty officials and scholars. Officials from all levels of the Eight Banners went to the countryside

In order to screen out the Han people, all Han people who worked in the ministers' homes or served in the service were kidnapped and interrogated. Nurhaci also ordered the current Han officials to bring out all their close relatives and kill all the suspicious ones. Later, Nurhaci ordered the leaders of the villages to be purged.

In the end, only 300 local scholars were spared. All the Han people were registered as villagers, so that the local Niu Lu Ezhen could supervise them. This directly caused the Han people who originally planned to grant farmland to lose their status as civilian households.

status, they were reduced to the status of slaves in the slavery system. They were forced to pay several times the tax burden of the original Ding tax, and were exploited even more cruelly. The Han people living in Houjin were reduced to semi-slaves, and Han men had to bear the burden.

All hard physical labor was required, and Han women became slaves of the Manchus.

Nurhaci’s massacre policy severely damaged the production and life of the people in Liaodong, and you are also the biggest stain in Nurhaci’s life. Previously, Liaodong was a prosperous land that everyone envied, but now the population has dropped sharply, the countryside is deserted, and the houses are dilapidated.

All industries were in ruins, prices were soaring, and there was even the phenomenon of cannibalism. It should be said that it was Nurhachi's compromise with the slavery system and the primitive tribal military republic system that made the Later Jin Dynasty difficult in the process of moving towards a mature feudal empire. Nurhachi's

This approach was impossible to win over the hearts of the majority of Han scholars, let alone compete with the Ming Dynasty for the control of the Central Plains. Nurhachi did not realize this. He believed that he could conquer the world with the brave and capable Eight Banners cavalry.

Life insights: In today's increasingly diversified society, if a person wants to succeed, it is impossible to rely only on his own knowledge, talent and wealth. Nothing can be accomplished without the support of others, and the achievement of any career cannot be achieved without the support of others.

Don’t ask for help from others. Start managing your own network now. Ten years later, you will be able to enjoy success under the towering tree of network.

In fact, you should not take interpersonal communication too mysterious. Effective communication is simple and easy to learn. The important thing is to find which method suits you best. If you are determined to build and maintain an effective mutual aid network, no matter your personal style

No matter what, you can always learn how to do it well. Problems such as shyness, insecurity, and clumsiness that hinder your communication can be overcome.

Don't rush to let others recognize you at the beginning. You should spend your energy on observing the things around you and asking some to-the-point questions instead of blindly trying to let others know how knowledgeable you are. It is the same for everyone.

Be friendly, and anyone may become your good friend, important work partner, or even your immediate boss in the future. So do not assume a preconceived position and ignore his existence by thinking that he is not an important role today.

The first impression is often the most unreliable, so don’t judge someone immediately before you’ve been with them for a while. At the same time, don’t just listen to other people’s gossip, and keep an open mind.

Judge everyone objectively based on the facts you see. For example, inviting a colleague to lunch is a great way to get to know new colleagues in a relaxed, informal way.

If you can maintain an attitude of "I really need your help to know more about this company" and approach your colleagues, let them understand that your knowledge is limited and you hope to ask them more, so that you can become them as soon as possible.

As a member, you will find endless benefits from this.

If you like to listen to gossip, it will definitely be harmful to your reputation. In the end, you will become the target of others' talking, and you will also be a person who is not trusted by others.

Start with people you know. You never know how wide their network is until you connect with them. Don’t fall into the trap of “I don’t have the right contacts.” Make someone you may know already known.

The person you need to meet.

Why did Nurhaci move the capital in a hurry?

In 1621 AD, Nurhaci led the Eight Banners army to advance into Liaodong with an unstoppable momentum, and moved the capital from Hetuala to Liaoyang, an important town in Liaodong, and carried out large-scale construction and palace construction.

However, unexpectedly, during the early morning court meeting on the third day of March 1625, Nurhaci suddenly summoned all ministers and Baylor to discuss the matter and proposed moving the capital to Shengjing (today's Shenyang). The princes and ministers immediately expressed strong opposition.

Why did Nurhaci "move the capital in a hurry"? Following the instructions of Mr. Feng Shui, Nurhaci built the Empress Temple in the southwest corner of the then Tokyo city, the Amitabha Temple in the east gate, and the Thousand Buddha Temple at the foot of Fengling Mountain. He wanted to use the three temples to control the dragon. Suppress it to preserve the Dragon Vein King Qi.

However, the three temples only suppressed the dragon's head, dragon's claws and dragon's tail. The dragon's spine in the city was not suppressed. So the dragon arched its waist and flew away, flying north to the north bank of the Hun River. King Han Thinking that Long was following the will of heaven, he was ordered to build another city in the place where Long hid, so a new city was built and named "Fengtian". And because the Hun River was called Shenshui in ancient times, and the north bank of the river was Yang, Therefore, this place is also called "Shenshui Yang" or "Shenyang".

Although the legend seems too magical, the feudal dynasty has always given top priority to Feng Shui when building capitals and cities. Shenyang is located in the sun of the Hun River, connected to the Liao River, and the Liao River leads to the sea. It can be said to be a "Feng Shui treasure land".

Why are there large, nondescript wooden poles poking through the palace?

In front of the main entrance of the Qingning Palace of the Forbidden City in Shenyang, there is a nearly 7-meter-high wooden pole erected in the courtyard. The wooden pole is placed on a white marble base with a tin bucket on the top. At first glance, Such a wooden pole erected in the palace seems nondescript and incompatible with the surrounding magnificent royal palace. However, this is an extraordinary wooden pole.

This is the Sauron pole, which is the traditional "sacred pole" of the Manchu people for worshiping the sky. According to Manchu tradition, when using this sacred pole to worship the sky, broken rice and chopped pig offal are also placed in the tin bucket on top. It is used to feed crows as a sign of sacrifice to heaven. It is said that Nurhachi was hunted down in his early years. He had no way to escape, so he lay down in a grass ditch and resigned himself to his fate. At this time, a group of crows suddenly flew on him and killed Nurhachi. He covered the ground and escaped the pursuers. Later, Nurhachi became the emperor. In order to repay the crow's life-saving grace, he ordered the Manchu people to erect wooden poles and tin buckets in their yards to sacrifice delicacies to the crows. This This led to the Sauron pole that people see in the palace today.

Concubine Zhuang persuaded Hong Chengchou to surrender
Chapter completed!