Section 2 Nurhachi sweats

The Northern Expedition went to Liaojie, and the Western Expedition captured Yiliang. When the heroes returned in triumph, how could they be in mourning for the country? They captured the Jurchens even by their necks, and used their dead bodies to shepherd the sheep. How can dogs and hogs be slaughtered? You bear the consequences for yourself.

After just five years of development, Nurhachi had completely conquered all the ministries of Jianzhou. During the process of unification, in order to gain the support of the Ming government, Nurhaci repeatedly showed courtesy to the Ming Dynasty and personally returned the Han people who had been captured before to the Ming Dynasty.

He paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty as usual and went to the horse market to trade as usual. Li Chengliang also specially reported to the court how loyal Nurhachi was. What Nurhachi did confused the hearts of Ming Dynasty officials, and for a long time, there was still internal confusion within the Ming Dynasty.

Some people think that Nurhachi's power is still weak and cannot make big waves. Some people think that Nurhaci is the second king. In 1589 AD, Nurhaci killed the Jurchen chief who repeatedly entered the Ming Dynasty border to plunder, and dedicated his head to the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming government believed that Nurhaci was a loyal person. In 1592, Japan invaded Korea and the Ming Dynasty sent troops to assist. Nurhaci requested to send troops but was not allowed. However, the important thing is that he expressed his patriotic feelings to the court, and the Ming Dynasty also

There was no excuse to attack Jianzhou.

In order to commend Nurhaci, the Ming Dynasty awarded him the title of Commander-in-Chief, which for Nurhaci meant that he could be superior to other tribal leaders. This nominal honor was very important to Nurhachi. In 1591, Ye He tribe

Threatened to attack Nurhaci, but Nurhachi was not afraid at all and openly questioned Yehenalin Bulu, "My father was accidentally killed by the Ming Dynasty court. Later, with my efforts, the court returned my father's body and rewarded me. Your father was also killed."

The Ming Dynasty killed him, did you get his body back? This is a naked humiliation, and it also shows that Nurhaci has occupied a superior position in the Jurchen tribe. Nurhaci was also awarded the title of General Longhu by the Ming Dynasty. This is

In 1595, General Longhu was the highest-ranking military attaché in the Ming Dynasty, with the second rank, the same rank as the Minister of War. In the entire history of the Ming Dynasty, only the King of Hada had received such an honor. After Nurhaci also received this honor,

It is even higher than other Jurchens. Nurhaci relied on these, and more and more people came to join him.

With the internal unification of Jianzhou, Nurhaci controlled the economic sources of hunting, herding, and gathering, and began to master mutual trade. Through these, Nurhaci gained a lot of economic benefits. In a few years, Nurhaci's financial resources became stronger and stronger.

The power is getting stronger and stronger. The rise of the Jianzhou Jurchens is quite similar to the rise of the Wanyan Jurchens. They both first worked hard to become the agents of the Central Plains Dynasty, then annexed other tribes under the banner of the king, and finally waited for opportunities.

However, the Ming Dynasty had long been aware of Nurhaci's wild ambitions. In order to curb Nurhaci's development, the Ming Dynasty adopted a dual plan of economic and military sanctions. In order to maximize the effect of economic sanctions, the Ming Dynasty targeted the Jurchens in Jianzhou

On the Liaoning ginseng trade.

Ginseng is regarded as the top grade in ancient Chinese medicine. It can nourish the five internal organs, soothe the spirit, calm the soul, relieve panic, eliminate evil spirits, etc. It also has the effect of improving eyesight, happiness and improving intelligence. Long-term use can lighten the body, prolong life, and cure all deficiencies in men and women.

Ginseng grows in the Shangdang Valley and Liaodong. The human body produced in the Shangdang area is the most precious. Due to the large demand for ginseng, there was a ginseng resource crisis in the late Ming Dynasty. According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, ordinary people regarded the human body as a harmful thing.

So no one picked it. At that time, the phenomenon of personal identity fraud was already very serious. The human body used in folk medicine mainly came from the wild ginseng in the Northeast, and the people who dug it were mainly Jurchens. The Northeastern region is rich in wild ginseng resources. Because of the high value of the human body, the number of people harvested

Very large. In the market, the volume of Jurchen and Ming Dynasty human body transactions will reach tens of millions of kilograms next year, which is also the main economic pillar of the Nurhaci regime.

At that time, the price of a human body was about fifteen to twenty taels of silver per year. The annual transaction volume of ginseng was about hundreds of thousands of taels. In order to weaken Nurhachi's economic strength, the Ming Dynasty began to limit the scale of ginseng trade and lower the price. They believed that at that time

When Nurhaci's financial resources were frustrated, he would naturally beg for mercy from the imperial court. As a result, the Ming Dynasty and Nurhaci started a business war. At the beginning, the Ming Dynasty dealt a heavy blow to Nurhaci's personal transactions and almost completely stopped the ginseng trading market, leaving a large backlog of ginseng.

In the hands of Jurchens, more than 100,000 kilograms can rot in one or two years. There was no technology to store human bodies at that time, so storage was extremely difficult. Moreover, digging out human bodies was also a very complicated matter. They had to be washed with water first, so

It is more prone to mold. Since the Ming Dynasty tried its best to lower the price, more and more human bodies were hoarded in the hands of Jurchens, and rot was inevitable. Therefore, the Jurchens had no choice but to bear the pain and suffer heavy losses. In order to change this situation, Nurhachi began

He organized people to research ways to preserve the human body. He combined his previous experience in preserving the human body and consulted many ginseng diggers, and finally found a way. That is to blanch the ginseng in boiling water and then dry it in the sun, so that it can be preserved.

Slowly take out food. At first, Nurhachi implemented this method, but ministers and princes were unwilling to do so. However, Nurhaci insisted on doing this, and he succeeded in saving his body and selling it at a good price. The Ming Dynasty's economic sanctions failed.

The use of ginseng for economic sanctions did not work well. So the Ming Dynasty began to use military sanctions. The court pursued a strategy of using barbarians to control barbarians in the Liaodong region. The court formed an alliance with the Haixi Jurchens to jointly fight against the Jianzhou Jurchens. In 1593 AD

In 2004, four Jurchen tribes in Haixi, three tribes including Horqin from Mongolia, and two Jurchen tribes from Changbai Mountain formed a nine-part coalition with a total of more than 30,000 troops. They attacked Jianzhou in three ways. The reason why these nine companies attacked Nurhaci was because

There are political reasons in it. In short, the fundamental reason is that the Jurchens in Jianzhou violated the economic interests of the four Haixi regions. In the Jurchen social economy at that time, in addition to agricultural production, there were also specialties from the Northeast, such as horses.

Mink skins, etc. These items occupy an important position in market transactions, especially the sable trade. The Ming Dynasty used Kaiyuan as a trading base in the Guandong region and opened up trade roads extending in all directions. All ethnic groups and tribes can enter Kaiyuan.

Market transactions are carried out, and handicraft products in the customs can also be exported to the northeast through Kaiyuan.

During this trade process, there were several Jurchen tribes, including the Mongolian tribes. Due to the long distance from Kaiyuan, the Haixi tribes were on the way to Kaiyuan, so they often used the process of cargo transfer to seek benefits. In peacetime, Northeast China

The tribes in the area either transported their goods directly to Kaiyuan, or transferred them to Kaiyuan through the Yehe tribe and other Jurchen tribes. After Nurhachi's cavalry, he used marriage and other means to prevent the goods of some tribes from being transported to Kaiyuan, and then he also

He bribed many officials of the Ming Dynasty, cut off some tribes' roads to Kaiyuan, and allowed goods to pass through the Qinghe market under his jurisdiction. In this way, Ye He and Hada were unprofitable. Nurhaci could buy Beifang at a low price in the Fushun market.

goods, and then sell them to other markets at a higher price, so that he can obtain huge profits. Therefore, other tribes not only cannot obtain cheap goods, but also cannot purchase goods directly from the source of goods. Therefore, whether it is garden capital utilization, goods

The tribes who profited from transshipment and those who wanted to buy the goods were all resentful of Nurhachi. The conflicts between them gradually intensified and war became inevitable.

At the beginning of the war, nine coalition forces were stationed in the Gule Mountain area, and Nurhachi also camped here to confront the enemy. The Jurchens in Jianzhou had about 15,000 troops, and they were at a disadvantage compared to the enemy. Late one night

, Nurhaci was still sleeping, and a fire broke out where the coalition troops were stationed. In order not to disturb the people who were already resting, Nurhaci ordered everyone to assemble and march after dawn. After dawn, Tan Ma reported that the number of enemy troops was increasing. Nurhaci's army

Fear gradually arose in the army, and Nurhachi convened an emergency military meeting. At the meeting, Nurhachi believed that although the nine coalition forces were large in number, due to their complex composition, each leader had ulterior motives, and they would definitely watch each other in the event of a war.

If the leader of any tribe dares to appear first when we are at war, we will fight back hard against him. The leaders of other tribes will definitely not continue to send troops when they see this situation. The nine coalition forces can be defeated in one battle.

Nurhachi chose a prominent place to set up an ambush and prepared the equipment to ambush the enemy. After the battle began, Yehe's tribe had launched attacks on Hezige City for two consecutive days. Both sides were in a stalemate and suffered heavy losses. At this critical moment,

At that moment, Nurhachi sent General E Yidu to lead more than 100 cavalry to lure the enemy deeper. The Yehe tribe was indeed fooled and pursued them all the way to the foot of Gule Mountain. There were ambushes on the mountain, and they pushed down rolling logs and thunder stones. The Yehe tribe suffered heavy casualties.

Also died, the army was leaderless, and the soldiers fled. Tens of thousands of coalition troops were crowded in the river swamps or on the mountain paths. Nurhachi led the army to fight out from all sides. Countless coalition troops fell into the water and died. Several

The leaders of each tribe either died or were captured. Nurhaci pursued the coalition forces hundreds of miles away. As the main force of the nine coalition forces, Ye He lost more than 3/4 of the total number of coalition deaths. This battle left Ye He

The vitality of the whole department was seriously injured. Nurhachi became a saint and destroyed two Jurchen tribes in Changbai Mountain. The Yehe tribe and the Ula tribe were forced to make an alliance with Jianzhou, and the Haixi Jurchen tribe was forced to disintegrate. Nurhachi did not kill the two captured tribal leaders.

, he also married his daughter and a daughter of his brother Shuerhaqi to both of them. To deal with the Mongolian tribes, he selected 20 people from the captured Mongolian soldiers, gave them clothes and horses, and let them go back.

To express the sincerity of the friendship between the Jianzhou Jurchens and the Mongolian tribes, the Mongolian Horqin then sent an envoy of more than a hundred people, bringing gifts to Nurhachi. From then on, the Jianzhou Jurchens and the Mongolian Horqin tribe gradually began to form an alliance.

In 1594 AD, Nurhachi claimed to be Prince Jianzhouwei of the Jurchen Kingdom. At this time, the Ming Dynasty was fighting a fierce battle with the Japanese army in Korea. Therefore, after the Ming Dynasty heard the news of the disastrous defeat of the nine coalition forces, it had no choice but to deal with the rising Nurhachi and even sealed him.

As General Longhu, he wanted to win over him with high-ranking officials. After this battle, in order to stabilize the population and soldiers of Ligustrum, Nurhachi once again strictly enforced laws and strengthened his rule. He stipulated that those who illegally enter the borders of other countries and plunder will have their families captured.

They were sentenced to hard labor or killed directly. In addition, it was also stipulated that if a person crossed the border, he would be fined an ox or eighteen taels of silver. If the family was too poor to afford the fine, their whole family would be reduced to slaves. These regulations effectively controlled

Jurchen personnel moved at will. At the same time, Nurhaci also ordered the leaders of various ministries to directly organize agricultural production. After a short period of development, by 1596 AD, the land around Feala City had been reclaimed, and the yields were very high after planting crops. The Jurchens

As social wealth increases day by day, taxation also begins to appear.

In 1595, civil strife broke out in Ula. The cousin of the leader of Ula thought that the leader of Ula was too cowardly and only flattered Nurhachi. In his hands, Ulabu would be buried in Nurhachi sooner or later, so he planned a coup and wanted to kill his nephew.

At this time, the Yehe tribe also wanted to support Xiniya and overthrow the pro-state regime Mantai. Mantai and his eldest son went to the border area to check to prevent the Yehe tribe from invading. At this moment, Xingnia took the opportunity to

The border area assassinated Mantai and announced to the outside world that Mantai and his son were killed by her husband in revenge for raping the wife of a tribesman. When Xiniya was full of joy and wanted to be the leader of Ula, Nurhaci intervened. He sent troops

Escorting Bu Zhantai, the leader of the Ula tribe who was captured in the Battle of Guisi, back. With the intervention of Jianzhou Jurchen's strong military strength, Bu Zhantai became Urabelle again. Xiniya was in an embarrassing situation and had to defect to the Ye He tribe.

Ula became a puppet regime that obeyed Jianzhou. In order to strengthen the alliance with Ula, Nurhachi asked his younger brother Shuerhaqi to marry Buzhantai's sister. A few years later, Nurhaci married Buzhantai's brother's daughter A

We are all familiar with Bahai and Abahai. Later, Nurhachi married the Yehe tribe, which isolated the Hada tribe and the Huifa tribe. In 1599, there was a famine in the Hada tribe and they were at odds with the Yehe tribe. Nurhachi took this opportunity

He led the army to attack Hada and annexed Hada. After this incident, the Ming Dynasty intervened. Nurhaci found various excuses to excuse it, but on the other hand, he also obeyed the will of the Ming Dynasty. In the second year, Hada was nominally restored.

Send back the imprisoned leader of the Hada Tribe. The Ming Dynasty authorities did not care so much about this matter. Later, Nurhachi found an excuse to let his eldest son Chu Ying command the Hada Tribe. The Hada Tribe was already dead in name only, and Nurhachi wanted to show the court that

He was loyal, continued to pay tribute to Beijing, and made friends with many high-ranking officials of the Ming Dynasty. In 1603 AD, Nurhaci moved the capital to Hetuala, despite the opposition of many ministers. Hetuala is two hundred miles away from Fushun, and it is protected by dangerous mountain passes.

The reason why Nurhaci moved the capital here was to further unify the Jurchen tribes and prepare to prevent the interference of the Ming Dynasty. In 1605 AD, Nurhaci claimed to be the king of Jianzhou and other places. The five Mongolian tribes also presented Nurhaci with a title.

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Since the Nurhaci regime needed to constantly issue decrees and exchange letters during foreign exchanges, all the documents sent by the Jurchen Headquarters in Jianzhou at that time were written in Mongolian and then translated into Mongolian, which was very inconvenient to use. So in 1599 AD

In 1998, Nurhaci arranged for two people to write Manchu script based on Mongolian script. Under Nurhaci's guidance, they created the old Manchu script. Following the Jurchen script promulgated by the Jin Kingdom, this was the second script created by the Jurchens. It can be

It is said that the creation of writing promoted the formation and development of the Manchu people, and was also an important sign that some Jurchens entered the civilized era.

Because the Ming Dynasty paid more attention to the pro-Ming sects of the Haixi Jurchens, Nurhachi, who had just wiped out the Hada tribe, directly let the Ming Dynasty see that he was ambitious in order to avoid conflict with the Ming Dynasty, so he began to shift the focus of expansion to the Ming Dynasty.

The Jurchen tribes in the East China Sea were relatively ignored by the Ming Dynasty. In order to attack the East China Sea, Nurhachi conquered many tribes, expanded his own strength, and also reduced the Ming Dynasty's suspicion and excuses for sanctioning himself. However, the Ming Dynasty would not just trust that Nurhachi would become

A thorough pro-Ming faction. Before Nurhachi was aware of it, the Ming Dynasty began to brew a plan to support a new pro-Ming regime.

This battle was called the Battle of Guisi. The Jianzhou Army won a complete victory, but the nine coalition forces lost more than 4,000 soldiers and 3,000 horses. The leader of the Yehe tribe, Buzhaibeile, died in the battle. Later, the Yehe tribe asked Nurhaci for his body.

Nurhachi cut the body in half with his own hands, and then returned it to Yehe tribe. Buyangu, the son of Buzhai, and Jintaishi, the younger brother of Nalinbulu, succeeded Baylor.

Life insights: Because we long for success, we long for opportunities, but opportunities will not come to us as often as Ming Taiyong rises every day. They will only be like wind and rain, and they are rare and hard to come by.

Q. Therefore, when an opportunity comes, young people must have enough ability to seize it and learn to take advantage of the opportunity and not let it slip away.

Opportunities are rare, and only by knowing how to cherish them can you appreciate their preciousness. Seizing the opportunity is equivalent to seizing the prelude to success. As Thomas Fuller said: "A wise person always seizes the opportunity and takes it."

Turn it into a better future." Therefore, when young people encounter opportunities, they must be good at making use of them to maximize the value brought by the opportunities.

In your life, opportunities may come to you countless times, but if you cannot seize it in time, it will disappear in an instant. Of course, seizing opportunities is also a kind of ability, which will help you in your hard journey.

Achieve a leap and let you see the smile of the goddess of success. How to take advantage of opportunities is more a test of young people's ability. The acquisition of this ability is also the result of long-term accumulation. Nothing can be successful casually.

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If you don't want to regret it in ten years, you have to persevere from now on. Only when opportunities come, will you have enough ability to seize them, take advantage of them, and achieve success.

Opportunities are rare, and only if you know how to cherish them can you appreciate their preciousness. Seizing the opportunity is equivalent to seizing the prelude to success. When young people encounter opportunities, they must be good at utilizing them to maximize the value they bring.
Chapter completed!