In the second quarter, Wanyan Aguda led the Jurchens to the top for the first time

Don't be afraid of Jurchens coming from the south. They have soap flags and horses like clouds. They have yellow heads and blue eyes and talk to each other in shock. Don't encounter the eight-character army in front of you.

Wanyan Aguda's father Qilibo had a total of 13 sons, and Wanyan Aguda was the second oldest. History books about his birth record, like many ancient emperors, had visions. History books record that during the reign of Daozong of the Liao Dynasty, the sky Five-color clouds often appear in the east. If we often read history books, this five-color cloud will appear with the birth of many emperors. When Wanyan Aguda was born, this cloud was very big, like a can It was as big as a granary containing 2,000 hu of grain. The person in charge of the weather secretly told the people around him that another extraordinary person was about to be born. This person would definitely accomplish great things when he grew up. God arranged it The appearance of this strange weather shows that this is not something ordinary people can do. Sure enough, on July 1st of Wushen in the fourth year of Xianyong reign of Emperor Daozong of Liao Dynasty, Wanyan Aguda, Taizu of Jin Dynasty, was born.

Of course, this is just a mythical modification of the birth of an emperor by those who recorded history. We cannot believe it, but Wanyan Aguda has indeed shown that he is different from ordinary people since he was a child. He often plays games with a group of friends, and his strength is The combined group of them was so big and well-behaved. Therefore, they were very popular with his father. Gailibo often touched Wanyan Aguda's head and said, "When this child grows up, what else do I have to worry about?" When Wanyan Aguda was ten years old, he fell in love with bow and arrow shooting. One day, an envoy from the Liao Kingdom came from Wanyan's tribe. Wanyan Aguda happened to be shooting at a group of birds with his bow and shot three arrows. They all hit the target. The Liao envoy was very surprised and exclaimed that he was a strange man. From then on, Wanyan Aguda showed extraordinary talent in shooting. Wanyan Aguda could hit something 320 steps away. 320 steps is about There is 560 meters. Something that can shoot 560 meters away. If this is not a rhetorical reference to the myth of Wanyan Aguda, then this is an unimaginable thing. It is estimated that Wanyan Aguda used one at that time. Similar to the light arrows of later generations of Turkey or the fragmentary arrows of North Korea, they are specially used to shoot arrows at a distance. Otherwise, it would be difficult for a human to shoot something 560 meters away. Of course, Wanyan Aguda is good at archery. Questionable.

In addition to being good at riding and shooting, Wanyan Aguda was also very brave in combat. At the age of 23, he began to follow his father in the north and south. When his father and uncle were alliance commanders, Wanyan Aguda was brave in all combat missions. He took the lead and killed the enemy bravely. The Liao Kingdom also made him a general. In his uncle's attack on Xiao Haili, Wanyan Aguda also participated in the battle and also made great achievements. Wanyan Aguda had great ambitions and was arrogant. In the war against the Liao Kingdom In a battle, Bohai Liubei wanted to give Aguda a pair of armor as a gift, but Wanyan Aguda politely refused. Wanyan Yingge asked him why he refused, and Wanyan Aguda said that if he wears other people's armor, even if he wins the battle, it will not be his own. It can be seen from this that Wanyan Aguda was proud and proud. In 1103 AD, Wanyan Aguda's brother Ying died, and Wanyan Aguda's brother Wu Yashu succeeded the alliance leader. In 1109, a famine occurred in the Jurchen region, and the victims moved around. There are many wealthy families in the country. In order to quell thieves, some leaders proposed to strengthen the criminal law and punish those found stealing. Wanyan Aguda believed that killing people because of property was unnecessary. Everyone likes money. So he proposed to become a thief. He levied three times the compensation on the debtors and did not urge them to repay their debts within three years. We would discuss it later. Wu Yashu accepted his brother's proposal and eased social conflicts.

In October 1113 AD, Wu Yashu died of illness. After his death, Aguda finally had a chance. His father had been the leader of the alliance before, but after his father died, the leader of the alliance was passed on to his uncle. Now it can be regarded as a return.

The original owner. Wanyan Aguda succeeded the alliance leader. In June of the second year, the Liao Kingdom awarded Aguda the "Jurchen Tribe Jiedu Envoy". Aguda continued to lead the Wanyan tribe to conquer other Jurchen tribes and won many times. After that, Aguda again

He was awarded the official position of "Ti Yin" by the Liao Dynasty, and held great military power in the Wanyan Ministry. "Ti Yin" was the official name of the Liao State, also known as "Ti Li Ji". It was established by Yelu Abaoji, and its original function was

In order to manage the political and religious affairs of the Diela tribe, that is, to mediate the internal affairs of the aristocratic group, there is a saying that "Be careful to govern the clan in hiding, Lin Ya compiles proclamations".

After that, Aguda's political and military talents gradually emerged, which is why his father Gailibo valued Aguda. "History of the Jin Dynasty. The Benji of Taizu" said that before his death, Gailibo said to Yingge: "Wu Ya

Shu is too gentle and kind, but Aguda is enough to handle the Khitan affairs." After Aguda succeeded the alliance leader, Liao was in the period of Emperor Tianzuo's rule, with political corruption and national strength becoming increasingly weak. Aguda remained calm about this and began to wait for opportunities.

In the spring of 1112 AD, according to the custom of the Khitan people, Emperor Yelu Yanxi of Tianzuo went fishing in the Yuepao area of ​​Da'an, Jilin Province. At the subsequent fish feast, Yelu Yanxi's "arrogant and unruly attitude" made the audience laugh.

Aguda feels that the time has come. The fish head feast has been described in detail in the Khitan stories. The ancestors of the Liao Kingdom were nomadic people. They lived in no fixed abodes and liked to "follow the water and grass, chasing the cold and heat."

"Moving around for gathering, hunting and other activities. After the establishment of the Liao Kingdom, the emperors still maintained the habits of their ancestors. "History of the Liao Dynasty. Yingwei Zhi" records: "At the beginning of the Liao Dynasty, the settings were dense and the residences were dense.

The palace guard, called Oruduo, has a camp, which is called Nabo." It can be seen that this Nabo is equivalent to the camp of the Han emperor. At that time, the emperor of Liao State set up a camp in spring, summer, autumn and winter, so-called "Spring Waters and Autumn Mountains,

"Winter and Summer Nabo", so it is also called "Four Seasons Nabo" because the Liao Kingdom is full of deserts, surrounded by the Great Wall, which is easy to manage. In autumn and winter, you avoid the cold, in spring and summer you escape the heat, and you hunt and fish with water and grass, so the four seasons are

They all have good practices, this is "Nabo".

The Liao Kingdom had both a capital and five capitals, but its emperor still liked to patrol and handle government affairs between the "Four Seasons Nabo". According to Khitan practice, in the first ten days of the first lunar month every year, the Liao emperor's tent set out from Dong Nabo and moved

In Chun Nabo, he lived for about two months; in late spring (around mid-April), he began to move to Xia Nabo, arriving in late May or early June, and lived here for about fifty days; to early July

Or in the middle of the year, it will turn to the autumn Nabo; and when winter comes, the emperor will turn to the warmer winter Nabo to "sit in winter". The "Four Seasons Nabo" of the Liao emperor is not the "Four Seasons Unfixed" in the eyes of the Han people

", wasted on safari", but the Khitan people introduced their national living custom of "avoiding cold in autumn and winter, and avoiding summer in spring and summer" into the political management system. For example, in winter Nabo, they have to "meet state affairs" and also engage in diplomatic activities, and often

Going out to hunt and teach martial arts was also an exemplary behavior performed by the emperor to maintain the true character of his people as "iron horses and fine cavalry". Later, the Jin and Yuan emperors also inherited the Nabo system, while the Qing Dynasty had a similar "summer heat relief" system.

River, hunting magnolias in autumn" custom. Yang Yunfu, a man of the Yuan Dynasty, once wrote a poem to describe the situation of bowling: "The elephants in the Nabao camp came, and the painted curtains and felts were warmly opened in nine layers. The minister finished playing the itinerary, and the long live voice spread to the Dragon and Tiger Tower." (

"Miscellaneous Odes of Luanjing (Part 1)") It can be seen from this that, to a certain extent, "Nabo" in the four seasons was the place where the emperor of Liao often lived, that is, the political center, while the imperial capital and the five capitals were the official residence of the prime minister and below.

A place where government affairs, especially those of the Han people, were handled. As for the specific location of the "Four Seasons Nabo", the five dynasties from Taizu to Jingzong before Liao Shengzong were different, but it was custom-made by Liao Shengzong. That is: Spring

The land of Nabo is mainly located in Yuerluo in Changchun Prefecture (today's Moon Pao in the lower reaches of Taoer River) and a section of Yahe River in Huntong River, that is, Songhua River, and sometimes in Yuanyangluo in Huangqi Sea southeast of Jining, Inner Mongolia. Lord of Liao

The main activities in these places include fishing, swan hunting, etc. The land of Xia Nabo is Yongan Mountain in the east of Ujimqin Banner in Inner Mongolia or Tanshan at the west end of the Heilong Mountain branch in Guyuan County, Hebei. The main reason for coming here is to escape the summer heat.

, discuss state affairs with ministers from the north and south, and go hunting in their free time. Qiu Nabo is located in Fuhu Forest, Qingzhou, northwest of Baitazi, the source of the Juhamulun River in the northwest of Balinzuo Banner, Inner Mongolia. The Lord of the Liao mainly used this place for deer shooting and hunting.

Tiger and other hunting activities. The winter hunting ground is located in Guangpingdian at the confluence of Xilamulun River and Laoha River. It is mainly used to avoid the cold, discuss affairs with officials from the north and south, and also conduct hunting and martial arts training from time to time, as well as accept the training of the Northern Song Dynasty.

And tributes from all the subordinate countries. When Emperor Yelu Yanxi of Tianzuo came to Chunbabo, in addition to fishing and hunting swans, he also had to accept congratulations from the chiefs of the Jurchen tribes. "If a daughter is born outside the realm and the chief is within a thousand miles, the story will be told."

Come to court." Of course Aguda and other tribal leaders had to follow the emperor. At that time, Yelu Yanxi first ordered fishing in the Huntong River, and then, in accordance with Khitan customs, held a "head fish feast" and drank and had fun.

Emperors of the Liao Dynasty went on hunting trips in Nabo in the spring and held a banquet after catching the first fish. This was the "head fish banquet". A "head fish" was mostly anchovy, sturgeon or fat-headed fish. After the head fish was cooked,

, first a sacrifice was made, and then it was presented to the emperor, the queen mother, powerful ministers and leaders from all over the country for tasting. There are usually two locations for the fish feast: one is the Hun Tong River; the other is the Changchun River area, which is in front of today's Jilin Province

Chagan Lake in Guo'erluosi and Moon Lake area in Da'an, Jilin. After the "Touyu Banquet", there is also the "Touwan Goose Feast" or the "Touwan Goose Feast", or both banquets are held at the same time. Generally, the "Touwan Goose Feast" is the same as the "Touwan Goose Feast".

The difference between "Fish Feast" and "Fish Feast" is - two months. It should be noted that those who hunt geese are Haidongqing, a tribute from the Jurchen and other tribes. "Liao Gong Ci" written by Lu Changchun of the Qing Dynasty once described the scene of Haidongqing's hunting:

"The bow is full of the moon, arrows are shooting stars, the mandarin duck pond is filled with the fishy smell of water. The hair and blood are flying wildly, the geese and ducks are falling, and the sea is green after taking off its coat."

During the "Touyu Banquet", the atmosphere was lively. Yelu Yanxi was half drunk and ordered the chiefs to dance one after another. Many chiefs did not dare to disobey the emperor's will and had to stop dancing, but Aguda was different: "I can't say it.

"I was told repeatedly, but I never obeyed." No matter how others tried to persuade him, Aguda just refused to dance. Yelu Yanxi was very unhappy. After the banquet, Yelu Yanxi said to the privy envoy Xiao Fengxian: "At the banquet the day before yesterday, Aguda was in high spirits.

If he doesn't pay attention often, he can be punished by side affairs. Otherwise, it will cause trouble in the future." It can be seen that Yelu Yanxi has already had murderous intentions towards the arrogant Aguda. Xiao Fengxian persuaded him: "Jian (rough) people don't know etiquette and justice.

Killing them for no serious fault may hurt Xiang Hua's heart. If he has different aspirations, what can he do?" ("History of the Liao Dynasty. Twenty-seventh Anniversary of the Liao Dynasty. Emperor Tianzuo I") Through the appearance of these records, we can

It can be seen that the Liao State's control over the Jurchen region at that time was already very low, and it could not even punish a Jurchen tribe leader who seriously offended his emperor. It can be seen that Aguda's trial at the fish feast was bold and successful.

After the "Touyu Banquet Incident", Aguda secretly prepared for war: building castles, repairing spears and spears, and training soldiers and horses. In the fourth year of Liao Tianqing's reign (1114), Aguda sent Pu family slaves to Liao and asked for Ala again. Later.

They also sent envoys one after another to explore the reality of the Liao Kingdom in the name of asking for Ah Chen. After many inquiries, Aguda learned that the Liao border border was in disarray, but some Khitan nobles had also noticed that the Jurchens had ulterior motives and strengthened their defenses against the Jurchen tribe. Emperor Tianzuo

While sending envoys to question Aguda, he mobilized troops to go to the Jurchen land to threaten him. Seeing this situation, Aguda realized that he had to raise an army. He encouraged his subordinates and said: "The Liao people know that I will raise troops and gather all the troops to prepare for me.

I will strike first and prevent others from doing anything." In September of that year, Aguda gathered 2,500 people from all walks of life at Lailiushui (today's west of the mouth of Lalin River, near Shibei Weizitun in Fuyu, Jilin), and took the oath to the master, counting the events of Liao Dynasty.

Charge: "We have worked for the Liao Kingdom for generations, and we have fulfilled our duties, put down the Wuchunwo Mouhan Rebellion, and conquered Xiao Haili. We have made so many achievements, but we are still bullied by the Liao people. In addition, we have repeatedly asked for Ala, the sinner, but the Liao people will not return it.

.Now we will punish Liao, and heaven and earth can learn from it!

It can be seen from the content of the charges that Aguda did not raise the army to resist the so-called oppression of the Liao State, but felt that he, as an agent who had repeatedly oppressed the Liao State and fought against the resistance of other tribes, did not receive adequate rewards and the privilege of monopolizing the Jurchen tribe. Aguda

He also swore an oath with the generals: "Those who have made meritorious deeds by working together will be regarded as good servants and aunts, and they will be promoted to ordinary people. Those who have served first will be promoted, and merit will be underestimated. Those who violate the oath will be punished by death without pardon for their families."

Then he sent his troops to conquer Ningjiang Prefecture. Ningjiang Prefecture was located in the middle of Liao and Qingning and governed Huntong County, which is now Dongshituchengzi, Fuyu County, Jilin Province. It belongs to Tokyo Road, and its jurisdiction is equivalent to the area around Fuyu County, Jilin Province. In order to isolate the Liao Kingdom, Aguda

He adopted the strategy of dividing and disintegrating and stabilizing the rear. He secretly released the Liao defense envoy, the great pharmacist slave, and asked him to appease the Liao people. He also asked Liang Fu, a native of Bohai, to pretend to escape, and told the villagers: "Jurchens, Bohai natives

When I raise an army to attack the same family, I will not indiscriminately harm the innocent." ("History of the Jin Dynasty. The Benji of Taizu") At the same time, Wanyanlou was sent to summon the Jurchens who were already from the Liao Dynasty, and then sent people to appease the remote areas in the northeast.

The tribe, the Darugu Tribe, the Tieli Tribe, the Bigu Tribe, etc. subsequently joined in. Aguda experienced several battles in the process of pacifying the Liao Dynasty, the most outstanding of which were three classic battles in which a small number of people defeated a large number.

The first battle was the Battle of Chuhedian (now Tahu City, Balang Township, Qianguo Banner, Jilin Province). After the Battle of Ningjiang Prefecture, Aguda's troop strength increased from 2,500 to 3,700. In order to eliminate the Jurchens

Strength, in the midwinter of 1114 AD, the Liao State assembled more than 7,000 troops in Chuhedian, including three cadres from the Khitan Prince Xi's Palace Army, more than 2,000 people from the Imperial Guards and local tyrants, and 2,000 brave soldiers from all walks of life ("History of the Jin Dynasty" records

(known as one hundred thousand soldiers and horses). Facing the superior Liao army, Aguda first encouraged the soldiers, and even used the shamanistic dream divination theory believed by the Jurchens to stabilize the morale of the soldiers and boost their fighting spirit. He said to the soldiers: "God is warning me! If

If we send out troops overnight, we will definitely win, otherwise we will be doomed." After hearing this, the soldiers' confidence doubled, and three thousand cavalry rushed out of Hedian first. However, before the Liao soldiers could recover, they collapsed at the first touch. In this battle, Aguda captured the Liao soldiers' chariots and horses.

, there is countless food and grass. The Liao people once said: "If there are thousands of Jurchens, they are invincible." ("History of the Jin Dynasty. The Benji of Taizu") After the victory in the Battle of Chuhedian, many Jurchen soldiers and horses came from all walks of life.

, Aguda’s troops finally exceeded 10,000.

The second battle was to capture Huanglong Mansion. Huanglong Mansion was where the treasury of the Liao Kingdom was located. Aguda proclaimed himself emperor in Huining (now south of Acheng, Heilongjiang Province) in 1115 AD and named the country "Dajin"; after that, the first thing he had to do was to take the

Go to Huanglong Mansion. Since the city of Huanglong Mansion is strong and powerful, it is not suitable to attack by force, so it can only be defeated wisely. Aguda adopted the suggestion of the ever-victorious general Wanyan Loushi and used the "encirclement and reinforcement" tactic to first surround Huanglong Mansion and clear the periphery.

The reinforcements were annihilated. After Huanglong Mansion was trapped for several months, there was no food and grass inside and no reinforcements outside. Aguda ordered an attack on the city, but the Liao soldiers were completely vulnerable. The defender Yeruning abandoned the city and fled.

The third battle was the battle of Hubu Dagang (located in the west of Wuchang in today's Heilongjiang Province). Emperor Tianzuo of Liao Dynasty was so surprised when Huanglong Mansion fell. He led the army to conquer the city in person. He appointed A Bu as the commander of the central army and Yelu Zhangnu as the capital.

He led more than 100,000 troops from various ethnic groups (recorded as 700,000 soldiers and horses in the "Jin History") to attack Agu. After gathering in Changchun Prefecture, the Liao army's deployment was as follows: Yelv Zhangnu led 20,000 elite troops.

As the vanguard, the main force was divided into five routes to the east and left the Tuomen; in addition, Xiao Hu Jinggu of Dudian Check led 30,000 troops as a partial division on the south route, heading straight to Ningjiang Prefecture, in an attempt to eliminate Aguda in one fell swoop. Aguda considered that he only had tens of thousands of soldiers and horses at the time, and his strength was

The difference was huge, so they decided to wait for work and hold on to the stronghold on the spot, trying to tire out the Liao army and wait for the opportunity to fight back when they were in chaos. As a result, political infighting really broke out in the Liao Kingdom, and the pioneer Yelu Zhangnu suddenly fled back to Beijing, intending to support a new king.

Emperor Tianzuo hurriedly withdrew his troops to put out the fire in the backyard, causing confusion among the Liao army. Aguda took the opportunity to launch a counterattack, defeating the Liao army's vanguard before the assassination of the water, and then led 20,000 troops to pursue them, and finally caught up at the guarding hill.

The Liao Emperor's personal army. The total strength of the Liao Army is more than 100,000, with 30,000 troops divided on the Hounan Road. The vanguard of 20,000 has been defeated by Aguda because there is no one to lead it. Therefore, the Liao Army's strength guarding the foothills will not exceed 50,000. But

There were fewer soldiers to fight, and the army had no fighting spirit. Therefore, under the fierce attack of the Jin army, "the Liao division was defeated, and the dead were more than a hundred miles away." The whole army "obtained the weapons and military supplies of Emperor Yuchaian, and his treasures"

Horses and oxen cannot be defeated." ("History of the Jin Dynasty. The Benji of Taizu")

Since then, the offensive and defensive momentum of the Liao and Jin Dynasties has changed, and the Jin Dynasty has shifted from resisting the Liao Dynasty to destroying the Liao Dynasty. The reason why the Jin army was able to win in the end was not only due to Wanyan Aguda's unique judgment and good use of troops, but also the appropriate use of strategies and tactics.

, in fact, there are also deep-seated reasons in the system. That is the two military and political systems of "Bojilie" and "Meng'anmuke" founded by Aguda.

Regarding the evaluation of Taizu of the Jin Dynasty, "History of the Jin Dynasty": "Taizu was wise and prudent, open-minded and generous, knew people well and was willing to use them. The ancestor Yin had the ambition to conquer the Liao Dynasty, so he taught it from brother to brother and passed it on to Emperor Kangzong.

Then he came to Taizu. On his deathbed, he said that Taizu belonged to Mu Zong, and his original intention was as follows. He initially decided on Tokyo, that is, to remove the Liao law, reduce taxes, and use the national system. The Liao anchor was Yue, and the Song was Na Sui coins, with You, Ji, and Wu.

Shuo and other states were with the Song Dynasty, and Nanjing was placed in Pingzhou. The people of the Song Dynasty could not defend the Yan Dynasty, and the leader of the Liao Dynasty who died saw the victory, and the leader of the Song Dynasty was captured. Although the success was achieved in the Tianhui, the rule and imitation were the guests from then on.

.The Jin Dynasty has been under heaven for nine years, and within a few years Taizu has left out all his strategies and left no troops behind. He has established a great cause and passed it on to his descendants. How magnificent is it!"

Life insights: We know that there are too many things in this world that we cannot control. Birth, old age, illness, and death are things that everyone must experience. Of course, these four points are natural laws, and humans themselves are powerless to deal with them.

of counterbalance.

In life, we will also encounter various problems: difficulties at work, financial constraints, marriages on the red line... These are common problems faced by modern urbanites.

These difficulties can be solved, but not everyone can solve them, because it depends on the method adopted by the individual.

Some people will instinctively choose to escape when they encounter difficulties because they feel that they cannot solve it, so they choose escape as their first choice. But we all know that when facing difficulties, escape is the worst choice. Because it is not only useless

Failure to solve problems will make a person depressed and vulnerable to difficulties in the future.

So what is the correct method? Of course it is to face it. Only by facing difficulties can we solve them. This is the most basic logical problem. And what kind of mentality you need to have when facing it is also very important. Because there is a

With a good attitude, half of the difficulty is solved.

Generally speaking, when people face a problem, they will first think about the following three questions:

First, can I solve this problem?

Second, how much effort do I need to make?

Third, what is the worst case scenario?

These three issues are what a person should consider when facing a problem. Therefore, we can formulate the most reasonable steps to solve the problem for ourselves based on these three issues:

First of all, have the best hope. At any time, there is no greater sorrow than death. If a person is too pessimistic and thinks that things will never be solved, then he may have chosen to escape before taking the first step. In this case

, the difficulties are still there and will never be solved.

Have the best hope, do your best, and prepare for the worst. This is actually a progressive process. We have hope for everything, so we are willing to do our best. The greater the hope, the greater the effort.
Chapter completed!