Section 2 The Mysterious Eastern Pyramid

The aid car climbed to Longban, but stopped driving when it was too high. It looked forward to Rongdi Township and visited Beizhao again. With the help of sentimental teachings, the grass and trees can still be transformed. Sages and sages give way to the wind, why not travel all over Xixia. Fathers and sons tolerate guessing and harm, but monarchs and ministers dare to deceive.

This is what I am suitable for now, and I want to live in peace for a long time.

One day in June 1972, when a certain unit of the Lanzhou Military Region was digging the foundation of a project in Helan Mountain, they accidentally unearthed more than a dozen broken ancient pottery products, mixed with some square bricks of regular shapes.

What surprised the soldiers was that no one could understand the words on the bricks. They quickly gave the bricks to the military district chief. After reading them, the chief immediately ordered the soldiers to stop digging. You should put this first.

The situation was reported to the Ningxia Provincial Museum. The museum immediately organized staff to protect the site, and the excavation of cultural relics began.

More than ten days later, an ancient tomb was rediscovered. There were exquisite murals in the tomb, as well as a variety of handicrafts and other pottery. These square bricks were indeed engraved with strange words and patterns. After archaeological research,

After identification, it was believed that this was a mausoleum from the ancient Xixia period. The strange characters recorded on the square bricks should be the legendary Xixia characters. As the excavation work progressed, the Xixia royal mausoleum, which had been lying dormant for thousands of years in the Helan Mountain area, was finally

See the light of day again.

The Xixia Royal Tombs are one of the 100 major archaeological discoveries in my country in the 20th century. They are also a specimen and microcosm of a mysterious dynasty that has disappeared for nearly 800 years.

The Western Xia Royal Tombs are known as the Oriental Pyramids. They are located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in the western suburbs of Yinchuan City. They are about 35km away from the urban area and under the Helan Barrier. The Royal Tombs in the embrace of the Yellow River are in a very auspicious location. Although the Western Xia Royal Tombs

It suffered devastating damage, but the general scale and layout of foreign trade are still intact. The atmosphere and style of the majestic Xixia Dynasty can still be seen from this royal tomb.

The mausoleum area is 10 kilometers long from north to south and about five kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of ​​nearly 50 square kilometers. There are nine imperial mausoleums and about 250 accompanying tombs of princes and nobles in the mausoleum area. The imperial mausoleums in the Xixia mausoleum area are arranged in order of time.

, arranged from south to north, and the accompanying tombs are distributed around the imperial mausoleum.

Yellow mausoleums, as tall as hills, spread out continuously under the Helan Mountain. Under the sunlight, the golden light is brilliant and very spectacular. The Xixia royal tombs are the largest in China and the most complete preserved ground remains. One of the imperial cemeteries, it is comparable in size to the Ming Tombs in Beijing and the Song Tombs in Henan. The Western Xia royal tombs were influenced by Buddhist architecture, which organically combined Han culture, Buddhist culture, and Party national culture to form a unique form of cemetery architecture in my country.

Emperors of all dynasties wanted their mausoleums to be grand and magnificent, but also hoped that they would not be excavated. The tall enclosures served as a barrier to prevent theft. The tombs of the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties all built their tombs under the tall enclosures, but the mausoleums of the Xixia Mausoleum

The platform is not located directly above the tomb, but ten meters north of the tomb, which cannot play a protective role in sealing the earth at all.

In addition, the entrance to the tomb passage of the Xixia Mausoleum is located inside the Xian Hall, which is unique among imperial mausoleums. Hiding the tomb passage is one of the most secretive tasks in the construction of imperial tombs, and the Xixia emperor did not seem to care about it. Archaeological excavations show that with

Compared with the luxurious imperial mausoleums of the Tang and Song Dynasties, the tomb space of the Xixia Mausoleum is much simpler. The tomb chamber is divided into a three-chamber cave structure with a central main chamber and left and right ear chambers. These are the unique and creative settings of the Xixia Mausoleum.

The Xixia Mausoleums are grand in scale and neatly laid out. The imperial mausoleums are the main buildings in the Xixia Mausoleum area and are also the best-preserved parts. The nine imperial mausoleums all face north and south, are rectangular in shape, solemn, tall and majestic. Each imperial mausoleum is about

There are ten buildings of various types, with a total area of ​​more than 100,000 square meters. They are made of rammed earth, which is covered with bricks and lime surfaces. The eaves are hung with tiles, and the roof ridges are decorated with various glazed and gray pottery decorations.

Although these buildings have become ruins today, the rammed earth mausoleum still stands high, with the height reaching more than 20 meters. Broken bricks and tiles can be seen everywhere, with piles nearly 1 meter thick. The rammed earth city walls are intermittently connected, and the layout of the cemetery is clear and visible.

The cemetery buildings of the Western Xia Emperor Mausoleums are composed of corner platforms, magpie platforms, stele pavilions, moon city, mausoleum city, gates, dedication halls, tomb passages, mausoleum platforms, etc. Some cemeteries have outer walls. There are nine cemeteries.

The structure is basically the same, but there are some local changes. From south to north, the basic structure of the cemetery is composed of the magpie platform, the stele pavilion and the moon city and mausoleum city connected in a "convex" shape from east to west. The outer city, the corner

The changes in platforms, stele pavilions and mausoleums have formed various layouts and styles of the cemetery. Each royal tomb has four corner platforms, with towers built on top of the corner platforms. It is an extremely rare self-contained building.

The nine imperial mausoleums are Yuling, Jialing, Tailing, Anling, Xianling, Xianling, Shouling, Zhuangling and Kangling. Among them, Tailing No. 3 is the largest and best preserved among them.

One. Archaeological experts believe that the owner of the tomb is Weiming Yuanhao, the founding emperor of Xixia. In recent years, major discoveries have been made during the protective excavation of Mausoleum No. 3: the towers, turrets, turrets, and mausoleums in the cemetery buildings

Taidu was built in the form of a tower, the walls of the mausoleum were built in a continuous arc shape, and the main buildings were circular. This reflects on the one hand the founding emperor of the Western Xia Dynasty, Weiming Yuanhao, based on the traditional Chinese theory of "the sky is round and the earth is round"

, regarded himself as the "Son of Heaven"; on the other hand, it also reflected the profound influence of Buddhism on the architecture of the Xixia Cemetery. The protective excavation of No. 3 Cemetery made the ground architectural form of the Xixia Cemetery clearly presented to the world for the first time, changing the

In the past, people had many opinions on the shape of Xixia cemeteries.

The discovery of this Xixia royal tomb shows us the historical and cultural characteristics of the Xixia Dynasty at that time, and also restores a certain period of Xixia history to us.

The accompanying tombs in the Xixia Mausoleum are the tombs of the Xixia emperor's nobles. The accompanying tombs are generally small in size and simple in shape. The construction scale is also different according to the status of the tomb owner. The larger tombs are generally made from outside.

It consists of the city, stele pavilion, moon city, tomb city, gate site, screen wall, tomb passage and tomb. Most of the cemetery buildings of the accompanying tombs have collapsed, and only some of the tombs of large and medium-sized tombs are still standing tall.

Thousands of cultural relics were unearthed from the Xixia Mausoleum, including building materials, daily utensils, funerary objects and other categories. They were made of ceramics, copper, iron, gold, bone and other materials. Among them, the largest number of building materials was found in the Han Xia Dynasty.

The remnant monuments are the most precious. The building materials are mainly pottery materials, with glazed products accounting for a certain proportion. Porcelain materials follow, and the number of stone components is small. The funerary objects include large vessels, decorations, weapons and some porcelain.

pieces, silk fabric fragments, etc. In addition, a large number of animal bones were found in the tomb. The unearthed porcelain mainly has three glaze colors: white, green and sauce, with white porcelain being the most common and plain surface. The shapes of the utensils are mostly bowls, plates, bottles, and bowls.

, beans and other utensils followed by the largest number. In addition, there are also clay sculpture fragments, coins, bronzes, pottery chess pieces, etc. There are many types, which provide valuable information for future generations to study Xixia studies.

In 1975, six stone carvings of male human figures were unearthed in the west stele pavilion of Tomb No. 3 of the Xixia Royal Tomb. The length, height and width of the stone carvings are about 70 centimeters. The shape of the stone carvings is a male body kneeling with a round outline, high cheekbones, and thick bones. The eyebrows are raised, the eyes are wide open, the lower jaw is placed in front of the chest, the shoulders are at the same level as the head, the breasts are dragging the abdomen, the hands are either pulling the knees or lifting up, the lower limbs are kneeling, the belly button is clearly concave, and the strength is extremely strong. This bold and exaggerated expression technique vividly expresses the heroic and heroic image of the Xixia nation, and is called the "Oriental Venus" by foreign researchers.

The 188-kilogram gilt-copper bull unearthed from Xixia Tomb No. 3 is exquisite in craftsmanship and vivid in shape. It represents the superb smelting technology of the Xixia period and is a "national treasure" cultural relic.

In the last autumn of the 20th century, the largest conservation excavation in the history of the Xixia royal tombs made a major discovery. An exquisite stone statue "Kalingbinga" with a human face and a bird's body and incomplete arms was unearthed. The bird's body, abdomen The above figure is in human form, with hands clasped together and the body decorated with necklaces, just like a Bodhisattva.

"Jialing Jiajia" is the transliteration of Sanskrit, and the Chinese translation is good-sounding bird, wonderful sounding bird. It is a bird in the Himalayas that can make wonderful sounds. It was later called the bird of the Buddhist "Bliss World" and was depicted in the shape of a human-shaped bird. "Old Tang Book" records that in the 6th year of Yuanhe, Central Asian countries introduced to the Tang Dynasty that "Jialing Binga may have been a real bird at that time. Before that, the Chinese archaeological community had only known its name but not its shape." Experts believe that "Kalingbinga" is comparable to the mysterious Sphinx in front of the ancient Egyptian pyramids and the Venus with broken arms in ancient Greece. The temple often appears in Buddhist murals or buildings after the Dian Dynasty, but it is used It is rare among imperial tombs.

The terrain around the Xixia royal mausoleums is flat, with ravines washed out by mountain torrents crisscrossing the area. They are densely and sparsely intertwined in the mausoleum area of ​​50 square kilometers, and there are many tall and abrupt mausoleums in the net. What is amazing is that , there is no flash flood ditch that passes through the imperial cemetery and the burial cemetery. In the nearly a thousand years since the Xixia Mausoleum was built, there have been countless flash floods in Helan Mountain. However, along the line of Helan Mountain, only the land in the Xixia Mausoleum District has not been hit by flash floods. What is the reason? , it’s still a “mystery”!

The most eye-catching building in the Xixia Cemetery is a rammed earth mound like a wotou. It is generally believed to be an octagonal five-story solid dense-eaves tower. But why is the tower-style building standing in the cemetery, and what is its function? No one can explain clearly. As for why this mausoleum was built at the northwest end of the cemetery, there are at least four theories in the academic world, and there is no conclusion yet.

The once majestic and solemn mausoleums of the Western Xia kings are now all with broken walls, rubble everywhere, devastation, desolation and desolation. A poet from the Ming Dynasty once wrote a song in "The Ballad of Ancient Tombs": "Under the Helan Mountain, there are many ancient houses, high and low. Like water floating on water. The ancient Taoist people told me that they were the kings and princes of the past."

With the continuous discovery and deciphering of historical data, the veil of the mysterious dynasty is gradually being unveiled, but there are still four unsolved mysteries about the mysterious Xixia royal tombs. 1. Why doesn’t grass grow on the royal tombs? The ground is covered with green grass, but not a single inch of grass grows on the royal tombs. Second, why don’t birds fall on the royal tombs? There are many crows and sparrows in the area. They settle almost everywhere, but never on the royal tombs. Third, the tamping of the royal tombs Why was the main body of the tomb not damaged? The ancillary buildings of the royal tomb had long been destroyed beyond recognition, but the main body of the tomb made of rammed earth still stood tall. The latest of these royal tombs is seven or eight hundred years old, so long. , why it can still stand like before. Fourth, the layout of the Xixia royal tombs. On the precise coordinate map, the positions of the nine imperial tombs and the Big Dipper are arranged.

Life insights: If a person does not have an accurate positioning of himself, it will be very troublesome. To position yourself well, you must first clearly understand yourself and strengthen your understanding of yourself. This cannot be completed at once. He is not only based on feedback

Basic self-dynamic adjustment must also rely on the pertinent opinions of others.

In real life, people often forget their own existence, forget their care for themselves, and never ask questions such as where do I come from and where do I go. Occasionally, when I think about it, I am just confused and blank. In this stage of life,

Above, it can be said that there is a lot of chaos, you just finished singing and I came on stage, but you think that a foreign country is your hometown. It is very ridiculous. In the end, you are just making wedding clothes for others.

To give ourselves an accurate position, we must explore the issue of understanding ourselves. The understanding mentioned here is not like what Cao Xueqin said in "A Dream of Red Mansions". We should still pursue those things outside ourselves. We are not opposed to pursuing them.

"Things outside the body" do not encourage people to abstain from sex in this life and enjoy happiness in heaven in the next life.

On the contrary, we must strongly encourage people to pursue real external things, because after all, only these external things can reflect whether we are living well in this life, and can we see whether our life is worth living. But at the same time, we absolutely do not agree with it.

These external things are regarded as the only standard. Those who regard external things as their only goals will be confused when their pursuit is satisfied. As a result, they cannot find "self" and do not know where to go, so they will degenerate and seek sensual enjoyment.

.

It can be seen that people must clearly understand themselves, not only to build an extremely rich material home, but also to build their own spiritual home. Of course, a person must pursue material, but while pursuing material, he must have spirit. Without spirit, any material will be useless.

If it cannot withstand people's scrutiny and without spirit, no material can bring people the greatest satisfaction.

People should first give themselves a position. What they are here to do in this world must have a very clear description. Without this description, people will be confused, lose the direction of progress, and will be at various crossroads.

Wandering, such a life is meaningless.

The purpose of studying oneself is to understand oneself more clearly and find the target corresponding to one's own quality. Only after finding this target based on the signals of one's own quality can one attack one point and achieve results, and then continue to expand from there.
Chapter completed!