Section 4 Murongde proclaimed himself emperor until his death

The long skirt is sharp and the shoulders are slightly slender.

Murong De, who had previously deceived his nephew into surrounding him and tried to welcome him but refused, now changed his name to Murong Beide. His intention was obvious, and he also wanted to prepare for his succession to the throne.

Murong De not only changed his name, but also made up a story about becoming emperor. He said that his mother once told him that he dreamed that the sun penetrated his belly button, and then gave birth to him in the dream without any pain or itch.

It came out. Obviously even this dream was plagiarized, the story of Duke Zhuang of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

But Murong De did not attract the attention of his father Murong Huang when he was young. Murong De was already 23 when Murong Huang died, but he was nothing at that time. After his brother Murong Jun became emperor, he received a great title in the royal family.

And he was only granted the title of Duke Liang. It was only when his nephew Murong Wei was reigning that he was granted the title of King Fan Yang. Later, she was dismissed from her official position by Murong Ping because she was too close to Murong Chui. After the demise of Qian Yan

, Fu Jian appointed Murong De as the governor of Zhangye. Murong De then took his family to Zhangye and settled here.

In the subsequent Battle of Feishui, Murong De followed Murong Chui. Later, Murong Chui became king, and Murong De became Situ. This man had no ability, but he was arrogant and domineering. In the first battle between Yan and Wei, Murong De

Almost died here. After the ending of Murong Bao, Murong De dedicated himself to guarding the south of Yan State. He took advantage of the fact that Wei State attacked the capital of Yan State and guarded Yecheng, hoping to conspire to proclaim himself emperor here.

Murong De had prepared everything to become emperor, except for one thing, which was that Murong Bao died successfully, but Murong Bao's fate was relatively high. Murong De waited and waited, but Murong Bao did not die. Someone reported that in Yecheng this

Qilin was found in the local area. Originally, it was Murong De who was preparing for his own success in becoming emperor. Instead, he was used by the conspirator Murong Lin. He wanted to use this opportunity to become emperor. How could Murong De allow him to take advantage, so he killed him.

Lost.

Later, Murong De made a plan to trick Murong Bao into going south to recover Zhongshan, hoping to kill him. Murong Bao believed him and went south all the way. It was not until he learned that Murong De was proclaimed emperor that he woke up from his dream and fled in a hurry.

Eventually he was killed by Lan Khan.

Murong De finally got his wish and became King of Yan, but his territory only consisted of a dozen cities and tens of thousands of troops. With Wei to the north, Eastern Jin to the south, and Qin to the west, the situation was still very difficult and dangerous.

Not long after, a spy emerged from within the Yan State and dedicated the sliding platform to the Wei army. Murongde was unable to advance and retreat, so he had to head east to occupy Qingzhou and make Guanggu his capital.

In 400 AD, Murong De ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor. Murong De held a banquet for his ministers. At the banquet, Murong De asked his ministers which ancient sage he could compare to.

One of the ministers compared it to Shaokang of the Xia Dynasty and Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty. Murongde was very happy and asked his subordinates to reward him with a thousand pieces of cloth. But when he turned around and thought about it, it seemed that there were not even 1,000 pieces of cloth in the treasury.

At this time, an old minister of the Yan Kingdom came from Guanzhong to defect. After this person came, he brought the whereabouts of Murongde's mother and brother. It is said that after Murong Chui raised his army, Fu Jian ordered to kill all the Xianbei people. Murongde's brother

Murong De lost his head, and his mother escaped once because of her old age. Murong De's sister-in-law was pregnant at the time, so she lived in seclusion in a place with Murong De's mother. Later, Duan gave birth to a son, Murong Chao.

Before her death, Murong De's mother gave Murong a golden sword and asked him to hold it as a token of recognition from his uncle.

After the Qin Dynasty destroyed Houliang, Murong Chao had no choice but to move to Chang'an. Murong De also heard that Murong Chao's son and widowed mother had lost their support and wondered if they were still alive. After hearing this, Murong De was very sad and vomited a mouthful of blood.

He was bedridden. At this time, he was already 64 years old, and his body and bones were getting worse day by day. He had a general in his hands. When Murongda saw this situation, his soldiers rebelled and entered the palace. Murongde was protected by humane guards.

After escaping from the palace, Murongda soon failed and had no choice but to defect to the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty sent troops to sneak attack Guanggu, and Murongde sent troops to fight, and the Wei army retreated.

Murong De secretly sent people to inquire about Murong Chao's whereabouts. Many people secretly found out that a fool named Murong was begging for food outside the east gate. Then these people went to the east gate to take a look. Sure enough, there was a beggar covered in dirt and disheveled hair.

, begging for food here. These people walked up and asked him if he was Mr. Murong. At first, the beggar made no sound and just walked his own way. Those who went to inquire followed the beggar, and suddenly a man came

At a very short time, the beggar suddenly turned around, put a knife on the secret history's neck, and asked him, "You said you were sent by my uncle, what proof do you have?"

The messenger quickly took out a letter from his arms, which was stamped with Murong De's seal. After reading the letter, the beggar put away the knife and said to the messenger, I pretended to beg here just to return east.

After that, the two of them hit the road together.

When the two arrived in Guanggu, Murong Chao took out the golden sword and presented it to Murong De, and told Murong De his grandmother's last words. Murong De stroked the golden sword and cried, then looked up at Murong who had been washed clean.

Chao, this child was eight feet long and good-looking. Murong De was very happy, so he named him Murong Chao, made him King of the North Sea, and had a series of other official positions, and built him a big house.

.

Why was Murong De so happy to see his nephew, and he tried every possible means to get his nephew back? It was because Murong De worked hard all his life, but did not have a son, so he wanted to make Murong Chao his heir.

One day Murong De dreamed of Murong Huang. In the dream, his father said to him, "You don't have a son. Why didn't you make Murong Chao the prince earlier?"

After Murong De woke up, he knew that he was not far from death. So he issued an edict to make Murong Chao the crown prince. Murong De died that month at the age of 70. Because of the suddenness of his death and the short reign of Murong De,

There was no time to build the mausoleum. In order to prevent the body from being stolen in the future, Murong De left his last words before his death and asked everyone to mourn at night. At the same time, he opened all the four gates of Guanggu City and carried out more than a dozen coffins at once.

I know which ravine it is buried in.

Because the Tuyuhun nation is mentioned in this section, and the founder of Tuyuhun is also a member of the Murong family. And in the creation of the following book, because the history of Tuyuhun is relatively short, there is not much to tell you.

, so I won’t take out a separate section to explain the history of Tuyuhun later. So here is a brief introduction to Tuyuhun.

Tuyu (yù) Hun (313-663), also known as Tuhun, is the name of the ancient northwest Chinese nation and the country it founded. Originally a branch of the Murong tribe in Xianbei, Liaodong, the Tibetan people called it Achai. It was from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty

An ancient country located in the Qilian Mountains and the upper reaches of the Yellow River valley.

Tuyuhun was the eldest brother of Murong Xu. His father, She Gui, was divided into 1,700 families of the tribe. When She Gui died, Murong Xu succeeded to the throne, and the two tribes were fighting. Murong Xu said angrily: "The former Duke divided Jian.

Why don't we stay away from each other and let the horses fight? Tuyuhun said: "The horses are animals' ears, and fighting is their natural nature. Why should they be angry with others! It's easy to say good-bye. I should leave you thousands of miles away." So he did it.

Xian regretted it...

He conquered the Qiang and Di tribes in present-day Qinghai, Gannan and northwest Sichuan and established a country. His grandson Ye Yan began to take his ancestor's clan name and country name. The Southern Dynasties called it Henan Kingdom; neighboring tribes called it Achailu or Yeyan.

Therefore, it was called the Henan Kingdom or Henan by the Southern Dynasty. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it controlled Qinghai, Gansu and other places, and had friendly relations with all the countries in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Sui Dynasty married with it. It was conquered by the Tang Dynasty and was granted the title of King of Qinghai. The Tang Dynasty

In the middle period, it was driven to Hedong by Tibet. In the late Tang Dynasty, it was called Tuihun or Tuhun. During the Five Dynasties, it began to be ruled by the Liao Kingdom.

The establishment of national

Tuyuhun is the name of an ancient ethnic group in northwest China. It was originally a personal name. He was the eldest son of Murong Shegui, the Chanyu clan of Xianbei, Liaodong. Murong Shegui was divided into 700 households to make other tribes pastoral. At the beginning of the 4th century, Murong Shegui died, and his legitimate son

Murong Xuan succeeded as Chanyu, but he was at odds with Murong Tuyuhun. Tuyuhun then led his troops to move westward to Shanglong, stopping at Pouhan. From this point, his descendants inherited the throne, invaded and forced the Di Qiang, and became a strong tribe.

Tuyuhun died, and his eldest son Tuyan succeeded to the throne. Jiang Cong, the Qiang chieftain of Angcheng (now Aba), stabbed Tuyan and was fatally wounded. When he died, he asked his son Ye Yan to quickly defend Bailan (now the Bulan Mountain area of ​​​​the Barong River Basin in Qinghai) to consolidate his power.

Rule. Ye Yan established the Mukechuan headquarters in Shazhou (today's Muketan area of ​​Guinan County, Qinghai Province), and appointed Sima, Changshi and other officials. He took his grandfather Tuyuhun as his clan name. From then on, Tuyuhun changed from a personal name to a surname and

Clan name.

Ye Yan passed on to his son Pixi. Pixi passed on to his son Shilian, who was employed by the Western Qin Dynasty and was named King Bailan. Shilian passed on to his younger brother Shizhuang, and the Western Qin Dynasty named him Shazhou Mu and King Bailan. Shiqiang's younger brother Wuhiti was once

Defeated by the Western Qin Dynasty, he sought to remain in Southern Liang. Wuheti was passed down to Shiluogan, the son of Shuluogan, and his power recovered. He led thousands of tribesmen to Muhe River and called himself the Great Chanyu, King of Tuyuhun. He was defeated by the Western Qin Dynasty.

, was named General Pingdi by the Western Qin Dynasty and Protector of Chishui.

ZTE period

From Tuyuhun to Shuluogan, there were 6 generations and 8 biographies. Many of them were talented, and they carefully recruited scholars, Sima, doctors and other officials, all of whom were appointed Confucian scholars. At that time, the 16 kingdoms were in chaos, and the Tuyuhun tribe had taken over Gan and Qing.

It actually controlled Taohe and Longgu (now Songpan, Sichuan Province) in the east, Chishui and Bailan in the west, the Yellow River in the north, and Dajishi Mountain in the south. It was bordered by Nanliang in the north and Xiqin in the east.

Around 420, Shuluogan passed on to his younger brother Acai, and annexed the Diqiang for thousands of miles. He lived in Shuihe (Guide County, Qinghai Province), among the Qiang, and was known as the strong tribe. He once climbed the West Qingshan Mountain to search for the source of the river.

, in order to gain access to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, he sent envoys to Jiankang to pay tribute to the Liu Song Dynasty, and was named the governor of Shazhou and the Duke of Water River by the Liu Song Dynasty. Acai passed on to his younger brother Mu Huan, and in the Song Dynasty he was named the Duke of Longxi and the King of Longxi.

Mu Hui once captured Helianding, who was an enemy of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and sent him to the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Wei Dynasty named Mu Huan the king of the Western Qin, and occupied Jincheng, Longxi and other counties. Mu Huan passed on to his younger brother Mu Liyan. At this time, Tuyuhun had a vast land, except for the headquarters in Sha

Outside the state, there are four large cities, namely in Qingshuichuan, Chishui, Shuihe, Tuquzhenchuan and other places. Muli Yanzhuan was located in Shiyin, Shuluo Ganzi, and the beginning of the city was in Fuluochuan. The headquarters moved westward. Shiyin was accepted by the Song Dynasty

He was granted the title of King of Henan, and was also granted the title of King of Xiping by Wei. Shiyin passed on his son Du Yihou. Du Yihou passed on his son Fulianchou. Fulianchou passed his son Kua Lu and lived in Fuqi City. Zhou Yuwen was called Khan in the Zhou Dynasty.

Towards destruction

Later, the Sui Dynasty conquered Tuyuhun twice, and established four counties in the Tuyuhun area: Heyuan, Xihai, Shanshan, and Qiemo. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Tuyuhun gradually returned to his hometown. Kua Lu passed on his son Shifu and married Princess Guanghua of the Sui Dynasty. Soon, Shifu died.

, his younger brother Fu Yunli, according to custom, still took the princess as his wife. In the early Tang Dynasty, Tuyuhun was a border threat. In the ninth year of Tang Zhenguan (635), Fu Yun was defeated, ran to Shanshan, and committed suicide. From then on, Tuyuhun was divided into two parts, the east and west. The western part

Tuyuhun was led by Dayan Mangbojie (King Murong Zun), the second son of Fuyun, and lived in Shanshan. Later, he surrendered to Tibet, which was called "Achai" or "Axia". The eastern Tuyuhun was led by Fuyun's eldest son, Murong Shun, who lived in Fuyun.

Qicheng was granted the title of Prince of Xiping in the Tang Dynasty. Soon after, Murong Shun died and was succeeded by Zinohebo. In the Tang Dynasty, he was granted the title of Prince of Heyuan and named Wudi Yebaledou Khan. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Tang Dynasty

The imperial court took Princess Honghua as his wife and named her King of Qinghai. His two sons married Princess Jincheng and Princess Jinming of the Tang Dynasty.

After the rise of Tubo, it expanded to the Gansu and Qinghai regions. In the third year of Longshuo of the Tang Dynasty (663), Tuyuhun in the east was destroyed by the Tubo. Nuohebo went to Liangzhou and later led thousands of tents to join the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty moved his tribe to Lingzhou and settled in Lingzhou.

In Anle Prefecture, Nuohebo was the governor of Anle Prefecture, and his descendants still inherited the Qinghai prefecture title until the Zhenyuan period (785-804).

whereabouts of descendants

After Tubo occupied Lingzhou, Tuyuhun moved to Hedong and was called Tuihun, Tuhun. During the Five Dynasties, they scattered in Yuzhou and other places. They were once affiliated with the Li family of Shatuo and later the Shi family of the Later Jin Dynasty. At the beginning of Tianfu (936), Yanyun area

They were seceded from the Khitan, and the Tuyuhun people attached themselves to the Khitan, and later generations mostly assimilated into the Han or other ethnic groups. After the Tubo destroyed Tuyuhun, some Tuyuhun people still stayed in their old places and remained as dependents. Dayan Mangjiebo, Su Hegui and others still had heavy troops

After the collapse of Tubo in the mid-9th century, the Tuyuhun people lived in the Huangshui and Datong river basins, gathering in groups to protect themselves. After the 12th century, the Tuyuhun people in the east of the river returned to their hometown in Gansu and Qinghai and gathered with the Tuyuhun people in the Huangshui river basin. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called

They are natives of Xining Prefecture. Some researchers believe that the Tu people of present-day Qinghai are descendants of Tuyuhun. Whether this theory can be established remains to be studied further.

Short story: In the first century BC, after the Roman Emperor Caesar led his army to England, he made up his mind never to retreat. In order to let the soldiers know his determination, Caesar carried all the troops in front of the soldiers.

All their ships were burned. But many young people often leave themselves a way out when they start doing things, as a retreat when they encounter difficulties. How can they achieve great things in this way?

Only an army that burns its cauldron can win a decisive battle. Similarly, no matter what a person does, he must be determined to have no retreat and move forward bravely. He cannot retreat when encountering any difficulties or obstacles. If your determination is not strong, you must always be prepared to retreat when difficulties arise.

Then there will never be a day of success.

Perhaps, we all envy the wealth and glory that successful people have, but we only see their success, and few pay attention to the hardships they put in behind their success. For these successful people, they have also experienced failure.

They have experienced setbacks, but unlike others, they never leave themselves a way out.

Successful people don't like to leave a way out for themselves, because retreat only belongs to losers. A retreat often becomes a reason for a person to retreat. Once things go wrong, those who leave a way out for themselves will always remember it.

I still have one option, so I am unwilling to try my best to stick to my current career. Therefore, if an individual wants to succeed, he must cut off his retreat. Because there is no retreat, he has to do his best to move forward in the direction of success, and any one

Once a person maximizes his ability to do something, his probability of success is very high. Therefore, from this perspective, people who have no escape route are more likely to succeed. That is to say

, there is no retreat and there is a way out.
To be continued...