After hearing what Li Yi said, Qiu Sheng's eyes lit up and he was a little moved.

You must know that the Mohist doctrine has always emphasized equality, benevolence, simplicity and economy, but these are not allowed in the strict hierarchical feudal society, especially the imperial power that uses class differentiation to rule the dynasty. It is abhorrent to this doctrine, so the Mohist doctrine

Much of the decline was caused by the oppression of the ruling class.

The decline of Mohism has caused most of its doctrines to be limited to theory, and has never been implemented as a national policy like Taoism, Legalism, and Confucianism. If they now implement Mohist doctrine in the settlements, it will undoubtedly be a great progress for Mohism and a

A milestone achievement. How could Qiu Sheng not feel excited about this?

And in Li Yi's view, now is indeed a good opportunity.

You must know that the Ming Dynasty was the beginning of modern Chinese history. During this period, the importance of commerce had gradually increased, and capitalism had gradually become stronger. Although Chinese businessmen had a low status, they controlled huge wealth and gained wealth by supporting the scholar-bureaucrat group.

Political patronage, this can be seen from the fact that the Donglin Party prevents the increase of commercial taxes.

At the same time, some radical theories gradually emerged, such as the three major thinkers in the late Ming Dynasty, namely Wang Fuzhi, Gu Yanwu, and Huang Zongxi.

During the period of drastic social changes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, they put forward many humanistic arguments, such as opposing Manchu colonial rule and monarchy, improving the status of businessmen, and emphasizing practice over theory. Their thoughts were later adopted by monarchs.

The Qing Dynasty, which was severely centralized, did not develop much, but it was of great significance to traditional Chinese philosophy. The three major thinkers inherited the tradition of simple materialism in ancient China, which was rooted in the progress of science and technology and the new factors of capitalism in production relations. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,

Under the situation of "the collapse of heaven and earth", a new trend of thought and a new style of study were created. Characteristics: ① Oppose Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties and advocate materialist thought. ② Oppose feudal **ism. ② Oppose feudal **ism. ③ Oppose Ming Dynasty

End the trend of empty talk and emphasize utilitarianism that can be applied to the world. ④ Advocate the theory of land equalization and the theory of "both industry and commerce are based".

The beginning of modern history has made scientific and technological inventions the biggest driving force for world development and national strength. Since the pre-Qin period, Mohism has always focused on the will of heaven, which is the discovery and control of natural laws, as well as the invention of some important technologies.

The Mohist idea of ​​practical inventions left indelible traces in the history of ancient Chinese science and technology. During the Warring States Period, a set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry, optics, and physics were established. Some important inventions have been used to this day. So China

It is very appropriate for Mohism to be responsible for the summary and development of modern science.

In addition, the invention of science and technology and the liberation of productivity require a social atmosphere of equality and freedom to create more free labor. Mohist thought is actually the thought closest to modern civil society and civil society.

Mohist thought is actually the thought closest to modern civil society and civil society.

Universal love, in today’s terms, is “fraternity,” or “everyone is equal before God.” “Fei-gong,” in today’s terms, is “love of peace,” peace and development. Like the International Commemoration Conference commemorating the 2565th anniversary of the birth of Confucius.

The theme was set as "Peace and Development", which was actually wrong. This should be a suitable theme when commemorating Mozi. It is a pity that Mozi "loved all" and "non-attack" throughout his life, but there were few in later generations.

People can understand the greatness in it.

The so-called universal love includes the meaning of equality and fraternity. Mozi required that monarchs and ministers, fathers and sons, and brothers should love each other on the basis of equality. "Love others as you love yourself". He also believed that in society, the strong and the weak, and the rich bullying the poor,

The phenomenon of arrogance and inferiority is caused by people in the world not loving each other. He opposes war and demands peace.

These ideas can build a stable and harmonious society on the basis of traditional Chinese thought, which is conducive to the liberation of human nature and productivity, and is very conducive to the beginning of modern industrialization.

The above is about science and technology and society, but in terms of politics, Mohism emphasizes "Heaven's Will Minggui", which means that God has a will, and God loves the people. If the monarch disobeys the will of God, he will be punished by Heaven, and if he violates the will of Heaven, he will be rewarded by Heaven.

It is very close to the theory of natural human rights and liberal constitutionalism in later generations.

The so-called "Shang Tong Shang Xian", "Shang Tong" requires the people and the emperor to agree on the will of Heaven, work together as one, and implement righteous government. "Shang Xian" includes democratically electing capable and public-minded officials as officials.

Even the king of a country needs to be elected. The people of the whole country elect wise men as the emperor. Mozi believes that the king must elect the wise men in the country, rather than the recommendation and abdication system like Confucianism. Once the king and officials are elected,

Then as elected people, they should obey the monarch, his administrative officials and the rules established in public administration. At the same time, Mozi also asked the superiors to understand the situation, because only in this way can good be rewarded and violence punished, and public rights cannot be abused.

. Mozi required that the emperor should be able to honor the virtuous and empower the capable people, and proposed that "officials are not always noble, and people are never lowly". Seeing this, the people at the bottom simply saw heaven. This is why many people at the bottom have always supported Mohism.

.Through this point, it is not difficult to understand that not only the Confucian school during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period hated Mohism, but even in later generations, Mohism was still deliberately chosen to be forgotten by the powerful. If Mohism had not declined, China in later generations would have been at least two thousand years earlier than the United States.

It has achieved freedom, democracy, and constitutionalism, and has its own declaration of human rights.

In terms of social customs, the Mohist family practices frugal burials.

"Frugality" is also a point of view that the Mohists attach great importance to. They criticize the extravagance and waste of monarchs and nobles, and especially oppose the custom of long mourning and heavy burials that Confucianism values. They believe that long mourning and heavy burials are not beneficial to society. They believe that monarchs and nobles should live an honest life.

A frugal life. Mozi requires Mohists to practice this aspect. Mohist disciples, from Mozi to ordinary disciples, all wear short clothes and straw sandals, participate in labor, and regard hardship as noble. This is in line with Confucius's self-proclaimed "

It is very different from the extravagant and eccentric life of "you will never tire of fine food and fine meat" and "you will not sit on the table until it is upright, and you will not eat until it is cut straight". He also particularly disliked the rich burials of Confucianism, especially the cruel and bloody burials advocated by Confucius.

Human tradition. In today’s terms, Mohist thought is naturally the most humane among hundreds of schools of thought.

The other is called Feile. Mozi was extremely opposed to excessive and extravagant Confucian rituals and music. Once when he was traveling, he heard that the car was going in the direction of singing and dancing, and immediately asked to turn around. This is consistent with Confucius seeing Lu Minister Ji

There is a big difference between people who perform the "Eight Yi Dance" in their own homes and get angry and shout out "What is tolerable and what is intolerable?" A strict-level ceremonial band only wastes money and wastes people, and will definitely corrupt the social atmosphere.

Mozi's view of non-destiny, on the one hand, affirms that God has a will, can reward good and punish evil, and uses the power of external gods to serve his "universal love"; on the other hand, he denies the "destiny" advocated by Confucianism and advocates "non-destiny"

.Believe that life and death, wealth and poverty, and the safety and security of the world are not determined by "fate", but are actively done by people. People's efforts can completely achieve the goals of wealth, honor, security, and law. Therefore,

Mozi strongly opposed the Confucian saying that "life and death are determined by destiny, wealth and honor are in heaven", believing that this statement "explicitly embellishes destiny to make people stupid and simple".

Mozi saw that this kind of thinking was eroding and damaging people's creativity and humanity, so he proposed "non-life", because people have free will, people must do something, they must be responsible for their own actions, and they must have a sense of public consciousness

, it is not good to just complain about your bad luck when something happens, without reflecting on yourself, attribute everything to fate, and put people in a completely passive attitude.

Mozi's comments and analysis on the disasters caused by war are also very accurate.

First, it delays the farming season and destroys production. Agriculture cuts off the people's source of food and clothing.

Second, those who rob wealth and get something for nothing. Those who steal peaches and plums, rob people of dogs, hogs, chickens, dolphins, cattle and horses, kill people and sell goods, "call it unjust", attack small countries, "enter their ditches, mow their crops, chop down their trees", the same

It is an unjust act of "taking what is not what one has worked for, but taking what one does not have".

The third is to kill innocent people and rob people into slavery. Mozi pointed out that when the monarch of a big country orders the army to attack a small country, "If the people are in line with their standards, they will be killed. If they are not in line with the people, they will be sent home. The husband thinks that his servants are humble.

The woman thought she was beating the chieftain."

These three points can also explain why Momen is trying every possible means to prevent the chaos in the northwest. You must know that the bandits are originally common people, and their biggest method is to destroy production and rob people. If this endless cycle continues, the people who have lost their property and homes will

They will be constantly coerced by rogue bandits to rebel and use violent means to snatch everything they want.

The Chinese people of later generations are of low quality, eager for quick success, and unscrupulous, and they have an irreconcilable responsibility for the corruption and famines in the modern period. Precisely because long-term production was destroyed, violent robbery has become the most effective way to survive. There are also some violent people who are obsessed with ordinary people.

The oppression and exploitation of human beings have created the mentality of "the fear of being poor will keep you humble for a long time" in later generations.

Mohism is almost the only school among hundreds of Chinese schools that is close to logic, natural science, Christianity, and modern democratic political systems and civil society. He has made great achievements in scientific research, social humanities, political systems, peaceful development and other aspects.

of advancement.

It is a pity that this great school of thought has been continuously squeezed out and even strangled in the development of China's feudal society. At this time, it is just an organization in the arena and has no power to influence the government.

Just like what he just thought, Li Yi still firmly believes that China's modernization should be activated by Mohist thought, so that it can be full of vitality and future. But the first thing he has to do now is to study the Mohist sect today and study this ancient society.
Chapter completed!