Zhang Han was a famous general and general at the end of Qin Dynasty. Qin II served as the Shaofu at that time. He was the military pillar of the Qin Dynasty and the last general of the Qin Dynasty. In September of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), he was ordered to lead prisoners of Mount Li and slaves to fight against Chen Sheng's rebel army Zhou Wen's unit, and he won many battles, allowing the Qin court to survive. He successively attacked and destroyed the rebel army Tian Zang and other troops to approach Chen Sheng in Xingyang, forcing Chen Sheng to escape. Later, he attacked and killed the anti-Qin armed leaders Wei Ju, Tian Dan, and Xiang Liang, and moved his troops to cross the river to attack Zhao. He was defeated by Xiang Yu in the Battle of Julu, and was defeated by Xiang Yu again in the Battle of Zhangwu and surrendered. He followed Xiang Yu into the pass and was named King Yong. During the Chu-Han War, Zhang Han fought against Liu Bang's army many times in August of the first year of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), and surrendered to the safe Qiu (now southeast of Xingping, Shaanxi). In June of the second year, the city was destroyed and committed suicide.

background

In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), the second emperor Hu Hai visited the county and county in the east, listened to the slander of the treacherous minister Zhao Gao, killed ministers all the way, and implicated each other in the pretext of crimes. As a result, the court was shocked and fearful. Everyone who advised them thought it was slandering the court. From then on, the ministers flattered and pleased the people, and the people were frightened. In April of the following year, the Afang Palace was rebuilt. The people in the world were frustrated and fed; the people in the world were ruthless; the punishment was severe and the prison was overcrowded. People everywhere suffered from

The rule of the Qin Dynasty officials all revolted one after another. In July, Chen Sheng raised an army in Jing and proclaimed himself the King of Chu. The people of Shandong killed the local guards, the magistrate, and established themselves as the princes, responding to Chen Sheng. The military minister Zhao Xie proclaimed himself the King of Zhao, Wei Jiu as the King of Wei, and Tian Dan as the King of Qi. Liu Bang revolted in Pei County, and Xiang Liang (Xiang Yu's uncle) raised an army in Kuaiji. There were so many rebels that they could not count. Various people united to march towards the Qin court in the name of attacking the Qin Dynasty.

Defeat Zhou Zhang

In the second year of Qin II (208 BC), in the winter, Zhou Zhang and other generals sent by Chen Sheng arrived at the water and had hundreds of thousands of troops. Second Emperor Hu Hai was shocked and discussed with his ministers, "What should we do?" Zhang Han of the Shaofu said: "The thieves have come here, and the soldiers are strong. It is too late to mobilize the troops near the county town. There are many prisoners in Lishan, hoping to pardon them, send weapons, and let them attack the thieves.

"So the second generation immigrated the world and sent Zhang Han as a general. He was ordered to lead 700,000 prisoners and slaves in Mount Li (now southeast of Lintong, Shaanxi) to fight Zhou Zhang. He defeated Zhou Zhang's army, Zhou Zhang left the pass and fled to Caoyang, Zhang Han chased him and defeated Caoyang. Zhou Zhang was defeated again and left Mianchi. More than 10 days later, Zhang Han defeated Mianchi, and Zhou Zhang himself defeated Zhou Zhang, and Zhang Han marched towards Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province).

Battle achievements

General Tian Zang of Xingyang sent Li Gui and others to defend Xingyang City, and brought his elite troops west to fight the Qin army. He fought with the Qin army in Aocang, and Tian Zang was killed in battle. Zhang Han continued to advance to Xingyang City, siege the city, and the city was broken, and Li Gui and others were killed in battle.

Then Zhang Han defeated Deng and said that he defeated Wu Xu and forced Chen Sheng to escape to his father. Chen Sheng ordered Zhang He to go out of the west of the city to fight Zhang Han, and he personally supervised the battle on the city tower. In the battle west of the city, Zhang He died in battle. Since then, Chen Sheng did not dare to fight again and defended in seclusion. Under Zhang Han's powerful offensive, under the twelfth lunar month, Chen Sheng was killed by his close Zhuang Jia, and opened the city to surrender to Qin.

Zhang Han went to fight and won many battles, allowing the Qin court to survive. The second generation Hu Hai sent more chief Sima Xin and Dong Yi to assist Zhang Han in attacking the rebel army. The army marched towards Li County and arrived in Li County. Xiang Liang sent Zhu Jishi and Yu Fanjun to fight with him. Yu Fanjun was killed in battle, and Zhu Jishi's army was defeated and fled to Huling.

The attack on the Chu army Xiang Liang set out from Dong'a, marched westward, and arrived in Dingtao. Qin launched all his troops to reinforce Zhang Han and attacked the Chu army. He defeated the Chu army in Dingtao, and Xiang Liang died in battle.

After Zhang Han defeated Xiang Liang's army, he attacked and killed King Tian Dan, the anti-Qin armed leader of the anti-Qin army, and eliminated King Wei Ju of Wei in Linji. The famous generals in Chu were all dead. Zhang Han thought that the enemies in Chu were not to worry, so he crossed the Yellow River, attacked Zhao in the north, and defeated the Zhao army. At this time, Zhao Xie was the King of Zhao, Chen Yu was the general, and Zhang Er was the prime minister, and they all ran into Julu City. Zhang Han ordered Wang Li to siege Julu, and Zhang Han stationed in the south of Julu and built a corridor to transport food. As a general of the Zhao army, Chen Yu led tens of thousands of soldiers to station in the north of Julu City. Qin general Wang Li besieged Zhao army in Julu City. The army surrounded by Julu is the so-called "Hebei Army".

In the Battle of Julu, Zhang Han and others led their troops to surround Julu. At this time, the general of Chu State Xiang Yu led the soldiers of Chu State to rescue Julu. Xiang Yu led the entire army to cross the river, sank ships, smash cookware, burn the camp, and carry rations for three days to show that the soldiers fought to the death, and none of them had the intention to return alive. As soon as the army arrived, they besieged Wang Li, encountered the Qin army, fought 9 battles, cut off the Qin army's corridor, defeated the Qin army, killed Su Jiao, and captured.

After Wang Li, she did not surrender to the Chu army and died. When the Chu army attacked the Qin army, all the princes and generals watched the battle on the camp. The Chu soldiers were all swearing to the sky, and the princes and soldiers were frightened. After defeating the Qin army, Xiang Yu summoned the princes and generals. When they entered the gate, they all walked forward and did not dare to look up. Xiang Yu then established himself as the king of Western Chu, and in Liang and the nine counties in Chu area were kings, and the capital was Pengcheng, and all the princes belonged to him.

During the Battle of Julu, the Qin army was defeated by Xiang Yu, and the Qin army retreated. Zhang Han retreated to Jiyuan to station, and Xiang Yu stationed on the south bank of Zhangshui. The two armies fought and did not fight.

Go to Chu State

In the third year of Qin II (207 BC), in the winter, Zhao Gao became the prime minister, and the government was tyrannical and slandered loyal and kind-hearted. Due to the retreat of the Qin army, the second generation sent people to ask Zhang Han. Zhang Han was afraid and sent Chief Sima Xin to ask for instructions. Sima Xin arrived in Xianyang and stayed at Sima Gate for three days. Zhao Gao refused to meet him, and he was distrustful. Chief Sima Xin was afraid and hurriedly fled back to the army. He was afraid that someone would come to chase him, so he did not dare to go the same way. Zhao Gao indeed sent people to chase him, but did not catch up. Sima Xin arrived in the army and reported to Zhang Han: "Zhao Gao was in the middle and the people below could not have something to do.

As. Now that the battle can be won, Zhao Gao will definitely be jealous of our contributions; if the battle cannot be won, he will inevitably be executed. I hope the general will think carefully." Chen Yu also sent Zhang Han a letter saying: "Bai Qi was a general of Qin, attacking Yan and Ying to the south, killing horses and uniforms to the north, and conquering cities and territories. He was innumerable, but he was finally sentenced to death. Meng Tian was a general of Qin, expelling the Xiongnu in the north, opening up thousands of miles of Yuzhong, and finally killed Yangzhou. Why? There were too many contributions and Qin could not enfeoff according to his merits, so he laid a charge and killed them with national laws. Now the general has been a general of Qin for three years, and the loss has been lost.

There were 100,000 soldiers, and the vassal army was rising at the same time, and more and more. Zhao Gao has always been flattering for a long time. The situation is critical now, and he is afraid that the second generation will kill him, so he plans to use the method to kill the general to shirk responsibility, and send someone to replace the general to get rid of the disaster. The general has been outside for a long time, and many people in the court have been separated from you, and if you have merits, they will be killed, and if you have nothing to do, they will be killed. Besides, the heaven is about to destroy Qin, and everyone knows that it is stupid or smart. Now the general cannot speak out and be the general of the country that is about to perish.

However, if you want to exist for a long time, isn't it sad! Why don't the general turn against each other and join forces with the princes, sign a peace agreement, attack Qin together, cede land as kings, sit south, and call it a lonely and widow; which one is better than the one who is buried in the anvil and his wife is killed? Zhang Han hesitated and secretly sent Hou Shicheng to Xiang Yu's camp to sign the peace agreement. The peace agreement was not settled, and Xiang Yu asked General Pu to lead troops day and night to cross Sanhujin, camp on the south bank of Zhangshui, and fight with the Qin army, and defeated the Qin army again. Xiang Yu led all the soldiers of the army to attack the Qin army on the sewage, defeating the Qin army.

Zhang Han sent people to meet Xiang Yu, intending to make a peace agreement. Xiang Yu summoned the military officers to discuss, "The army has little food, and I want to allow him to sign a peace agreement." The military officers said, "Okay." Xiang Yu and Zhang Han made a date with each other in Yinxu on the south bank of the Huan River. The alliance had already been concluded. When Zhang Han saw Xiang Yu, he wept and told Xiang Yu about Zhao Gao's various actions. Xiang Yu made Zhang Han the King of Yong, placed him in the Chu army camp, and sent Chief Sima Xin as the general, leading the Qin army as the pioneer. In November of the first year of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu was worried that the Qin army would suddenly riot, and Xiang Yu could not guarantee that he could subdue them. 200,000 surrendered Qin soldiers were killed by Xiang Yu in the south of Xin'an (east of Mianchi City, Henan), and Zhang Han thus became the infamous for the "Qin traitor".

Zhao Gao killed the second emperor Hu Hai and established the third emperor Ziying as the emperor. Ziying became the King of Qin for 46 days. The Chu army defeated the Qin army and entered the Wuguan. Ziying tied her neck with a ribbon, a white horse and a carriage, holding the emperor's seal and talismans, and surrendered beside the road. The Qin Dynasty finally perished, and five years later, the Han Dynasty unified the country.

Xiang Yu of Qin was eliminated as the leader of the coalition of princes, and killed Ziying and Qin Gongzi's clan. He slaughtered Xianyang, burned palaces, captured Qin's children and women, and plundered treasures and treasures. The princes divided them together. Xiang Yu was the king of Western Chu, responsible for the division of princes in the world. After the Qin Dynasty, he divided its land into three parts and granted three kings, named Yong, King Se, and King Zhai, and was known as the Three Qins. Zhang Han was named Yong, and was called King west of Xianyang and established the capital in the deserted Qiu (now southeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province). The chief of the army, Sima Xin, was once a prisoner in Liyang and had kindness to Xiang Liang; the commander Dong Yi, initially persuaded Zhang Han to surrender to Chu. Therefore, Sima Xin was named King Se; he was called King East of Xianyang and went to the Yellow River area to establish the capital in Liyang; Dong Yi was named King Zhai, and was named King in Shangjun, and established the capital Gaonu.

In August of the first year of King Han (206 BC), King Han Liu Bang of Han used Han Xin's strategy to return from the ancient road to attack King Yong Zhang Han. Zhang Han met the Han army in Chencang. King Yong was defeated and retreated to the safe Qiu. The King of Han immediately pacified Yong land, arrived eastward to Xianyang, and led his army to besiege King Yong in King Yong.

Liu Bang attacked the Aoqiu for a long time. In June of the second year of King Han (205 BC), Liu Bang's general Han Xin used a plan to flood the city and broke the city. Zhang Han then drew his sword and committed suicide.

Zhang Han’s family:

Zhang Han had two younger brothers, one called Zhang Ping and the second son of Zhang Min; the other was Zhang Xi and the third son of Zhang Min. Zhang Ping was also a general at the end of Qin Dynasty. After his brother Zhang Han surrendered to Chu, he served as the superior minister of Chu and led troops to guard Wuguan. Liu Bang besieged Yan Qiu, and Zhang Han ordered his younger brother Zhang Ping to support him. Zhang Ping was defeated by Han Xin and was captured. Later, he moved to Hongzhou, Zhang Zhang (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province).

Zhang Pingsheng had a son, Zhang Zhi, and was a general of Badong in the Han Dynasty. Zhang Zhi had a son, Zhang Yi, and lived in Hongzhou, Zhang, Yu for generations.

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Chapter completed!