Chapter 252: Cheers to the joint-stock system
The name "Zhenyuan" was eventually rejected by Chongzhen. First of all, the range of this warship with a displacement of less than 2,000 tons is very limited. Compared with the standards of later generations, it is completely unrelated to the ocean warship. Besides, if you make a "Zhenyuan" today and the Japanese make a "Yoshino" tomorrow, that's what's the matter! The "Zhenyuan" of the Beiyang Fleet in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 lost all face in front of the Japanese ship "Yoshino". Of course, you can't get this bad news anymore.
The ministers observed their words and expressions, and saw that the emperor was not interested in this "Zhenyuan", so they talked about other names. The masters who wrote eight-legged essays had very good writing skills. They quoted classics and set up a series of dragon gate formations. In the end, Chongzhen had to stop the ministers' high-profile talks in time and directly chose one of the names given by the ministers - Zhenhai. The name of this "Zhenhai" was proposed by Ma Shiying, and it may not be very clever. However, Chongzhen was very accomplished and acted as an arbitration role, and he felt that he had a whistle to determine the world in the future.
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Chongzhen has accumulated countless experiences in dealing with these ministers over the past two years and is becoming more and more familiar with controlling the ministers. For example, like today, he is just a referee and a decisive decision. Taking the government affairs in the past two years as an example, many government affairs are just an opinion of the emperor supporting the ministers, but the emperor's ruling proves that it is often wise. The ministers of the Ming Dynasty can only worship such a wise emperor.
Of course, this is not enough. Chongzhen sometimes had to tell his ministers some kind lies, such as the cost of the "Zhenhai" was ambushed, and the actual cost was almost twice as high. However, such cost is not suitable for publication for the time being. Otherwise, when these ministers heard that a "Zhenhai" would cost so much money, they might have to block the construction of ships!
Speaking of which, the benevolent people in later generations will always make some arguments that go wrong. For example, there is a perspective in dealing with interpersonal relationships, which means treating all the people you need to face as customers, including colleagues and subordinates. According to the principle of "client is God", in principle, you also need to please your colleagues and subordinates. It is impossible not to say that Chongzhen has also accumulated a lot of experience in pleasing his ministers, such as appropriate rewards and punishments, promotions, which are good means. For ministers who perform well, they naturally need to reward and promotion.
In order to tell them some kind lies, in short, it is to make these ministers happy. When these ministers are happy, their enthusiasm will be particularly high and they will cooperate especially. Of course, if you insist on using the saying "cameron", it will be up to you. As for those unscrupulous and incompetent ministers, not only can you abuse the way of pleasing, but you should be demoted and punished. As the saying goes, "It is difficult to show the heart of the Bodhisattva without using thunderous means." The more ruthless you are to the villain's ministers, the happier the decent ministers will be.
However, Chongzhen weaving good-willed lies on the cost of shipbuilding is not small. Although warship construction is mainly a large cooperation between official and private enterprises, there are still many official-private joint ventures in the country. One of the 2,500-ton warships under construction is being built, which is precisely the official-private joint ventures led by Zheng Zhilong. In view of this, it is no longer a matter of the settlement of the left and right hands of the official-private enterprises. Shipbuilding, including military ship purchases, has almost become a market-oriented operation. Because of this, Chongzhen had to get money from his small treasury
On the other hand, when posting to the navy, it is to use the arrears of payments. This is a common trick of the military in later generations. At least in terms of the profits of the project contractors, there will be no problem in the arrears for a period of time. Of course, to be precise, this is the internal debt of the court. When Chongzhen was in Beijing, he owed wages and wages, and he owed too much, and his psychological tolerance was really not a pity. When he arrived in Nanjing, he was fine. The previous debt was written off, but the new debt was not much. After all, it was very relaxed now! At least, no one should ask for debts openly or secretly!
Few people know about the plan for debt-building. Chongzhen, Wang Chengen, and the princess are of course the direct planner. Of course, there will be great resistance to issuing bonds, but curved debt is feasible. For new industries, due to their excellent profitability - it is not an exaggeration to say that it is huge profits. Not only Nanyang Bank, but Shaanxi Bank is also very happy to provide loans. Nanyang Bank basically refuses everyone to official military-industrial enterprises and provides loan support. After the factory obtains the loan, it undoubtedly creates conditions for Chongzhen to develop the navy. At least the default of the factory payment will not lead to difficulties in production. Therefore, strictly speaking, the factories under Wang Chengen should not be short of money. The problem is that what Wang Chengen wants is to develop at an extraordinary high speed, and the funds will never be enough.
In order to raise more shipbuilding funds, the official Shanghai Shipyard was officially reorganized into a joint-stock company, increasing capital and expanding shares, and offering shares to the wealthy people in the Ming Dynasty. Unexpectedly, this raising of stocks caused an unprecedented wave of subscriptions. Because the subscribers were too enthusiastic, they had to adopt the method of drawing lots. Fortunately, the princess was familiar with various lottery draws and lottery methods in later generations, which avoided a subscription disaster.
The new stock subscription was finally completed smoothly two days ago. Today's Ming Pao published a debate on the shareholding system the day before yesterday. Chongzhen couldn't help but smile while reading Long Kongge's debate on the shareholding system.
The positive side's point of view shows that the shareholding system can solve all problems.
For example, the pro-party positioned the ultimate goal of joint-stock companies to go public. Since they wanted to go public, they had to ensure sufficient profits, so they would not participate in vicious competition and would not dump at low prices. This would help cure the stubborn problem of vicious low prices in the Ming Dynasty, so that the industry and commerce of the Ming Dynasty could enter the track of healthy development, and also allow industry and commerce to bear the reasonable commercial taxes of the court. In this way, the country will be prosperous and the people will be strong and each will have its own advantages.
The opposing side said that the high profits of joint-stock companies have caused monopoly, making the product price high and the people cannot enjoy cheap products. The company makes huge profits and the court has high taxes, and the result is that the interests of the people are damaged. The so-called "competing for profit with the people" refers to this situation.
So he agreed with the official side and pointed out that high profits do not necessarily lead to high prices. After the company introduced new technologies, the cost will decrease. Even if the price remains unchanged, the profit will still increase exponentially. A took the example of introducing steam engines and new looms in the weaving industry, which caused a significant drop in costs, and provided evidence for his own debate.
A certain B, who agrees with the positive side, pointed out that moderate monopoly can quickly enhance the strength of the company, and then continuously update the machines, continuously introduce technology, and even develop technology by itself, thereby providing high-quality products to the public. The Ming Dynasty not only cannot limit monopoly, but must support moderate monopoly. Only monopoly can accelerate the formation of a group of large-scale companies, which can provide high-end products to the public. It is impossible to imagine that small workshops can produce high-end products at low input.
The supporters of the opposition immediately pointed out that since ancient times, the official industries have been very large, but in the end, because lazy people are overly lazy and cannot maintain, they will lose to the private industry in competition without exception, and in the end they cannot escape the fate of being shut down. In this way, monopoly will indulge laziness and even breed magnanimity. Therefore, the shareholding system is not a panacea, and everything must be based on the development of the private industry.
Then those who support the pro-party defended that if it is just the official business, it will certainly encourage ** and laziness. The official business obviously has its shortcomings. However, the shareholding system highlights the word shares and has many shareholder supervision. The board of directors serves as shareholder representatives, either elected or elected. The management and monitoring system is very complete. It can be said to be the most advanced industrial organization management system. If listed, it will be subject to more supervision and management. Moreover, the shareholding system is not only rigorous in laws, but also has concentrated resources, and can be made bigger and stronger.
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After debate, the party that advocated the shareholding system was the best. Unexpectedly, after the Ming Dynasty, the shareholding system was in full swing, and was even sought after by a group of famous people who kept pace with the times. After watching the long debate, the crowd almost called "the omnipotent of the shareholding system" or even "Long live the shareholding system!" Haha, the Ming people not only traded stocks, but also were unparalleled in speculating on the shareholding system.
The famous people have not yet appreciated the lethality of the stock bubble, and it is understandable that they praise the shareholding system. However, the support for monopoly was unimaginable before. Over the years, Chongzhen has been repeatedly deprived of the hat of "competing for profit with the people". Hehe, there are many people who have expressed their understanding and support for the revamped monopoly, which makes Chongzhen feel a little funny. By the way, this monopoly must have been leaked by Wang Chengen or the princess.
However, you have to admit that for the court, there are too many benefits of monopoly. For example, it is conducive to tax collection. At least monopoly enterprises are big tax payers, which is much less difficult than collecting taxes from small workshops one by one. In the Ming Dynasty, you know how difficult it is to collect commercial taxes from small industrialists and businessmen? That is really a super technical job, which is not something that ordinary people can handle. In order to ensure that large monopoly enterprises like CNPC have enough profit margin to pay taxes, the National Development and Reform Commission always protects CNPC when it is used to adjust the price leverage. It is not understood in later generations, but after traveling through time, it is naturally understood. Also, the benefit of monopoly is that it is conducive to the country's war, and the resources of monopoly can be used to the battlefield to the greatest extent. Don't forget that the ruler is the most important stakeholder of monopoly.
From the above levels, no matter what, the Ming Dynasty should support some monopoly enterprises. Of course, the emperor can only control people but not others. It is best to have a shareholding system for monopoly enterprises, so that shareholders can restrict senior executives, at least not threaten the court.
Chapter completed!